DOCSLIB.ORG

Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa Doctor Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa Doctor Of DESCRIPTIVE AND TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF JARAWA Thesis submitted to the Jawaharlal Nehru University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Pramod Kumar under the supervision of Prof. Anvita Abbi & Prof. Bernard Comrie CENTRE FOR LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND CULTURE STUDIES JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY NEW DELHI – 110067 2012. Centre for Linguistics School of Language, Literature & Culture Studies lawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-ll0067, India Dated: 2-0 . 0\ · '2.-011- CERTIFICATE This thesis titled "Descriptive & Typological Study of Jarawa" submitted by Mr. Pramod Kumar, Centre for Linguistics, School of Language, Literature, and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, is an original work and has not been submitted so far in part or in full, for any other degree or diploma of any University or Institution. ntis may be placed before the examiners for evaluation for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . ~~ (PROF. ANVITA 1\B]31) (PROF. BERNARD COMRIE) SUPERVISOR JOINT-SUPERVISOR .! ew I, ~ , • > . I .. ' '" !_¢."7 PROF. FRANSON D. MANJALI CHAIRPERSON Tel: +91-11-26704199 Fax: +91- I 1-26741586 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This thesis titled "Descriptive & Typological Study of Jarawa" submitted by me for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, is an original work and has not been submitted so far in part or in full, for any other degree or diploma of any University or Institute. PRAMOD KUMAR Ph. D. student Centre for Linguistics SLL&CS/JNU i Acknowledgements In the completion of this thesis, I am indebted to a lot of people whom, I must acknowledge. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors Professors Anvita Abbi and Bernard Comrie. Without their support and encouragement this kind of work would not have been possible. They stood by me, offering me support and guidance at every step. From both my supervisors I learnt a lot about academics. From Professor Abbi in particular, I learnt a lot about every walk of life. More than a supervisor to me, she has been a mentor, and a constant source of inspiration and gentle encouragement. Thanks, Ma’am, for always being there for me. Second, I would like to express my gratitude to the Jarawa people for not only trusting me in all possible ways, but also teaching me their language and about themselves. They always supplied me new words for new objects, and corrected me whenever I mispronounced something. I really miss the people I met in the Andaman Islands. I am very sorry that I have not yet been able to fulfil their wish that I return to Andaman to meet them again. I am grateful to the Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany, for a doctoral fellowship and financial support for my Ph.D. I sincerely thank Claudia Büchel, Julia Cissewski, Brigett Packendoff, Patty Epps, Don Stilo, Orin Gensler, Juliette Blevins, Martin Haspelmath, Susane Michaelis, Eva Schultze- Berndt, Tom Güldemann, Christfried Naumann, Jan Wohlgemuth, Sven Grawunder, and Rocco Buchholz for their endless help and support during my stay at Leipzig. I am also thankful to the visiting scientists at MPI-EVA for the information I gathered from them, enriching my own academic calibre. i ii I express my thanks to Professor G. K. Chaddha, the then Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), for his support. I wish to thank all my teachers at the Centre for Linguistics, Professors P. K. S. Pandey, Vaishna Narang, Franson D. Manjali, and Ayesha Kidwai, for introducing me linguistics. I sincerely thank the Anthropological Survey of India staff stationed at Port Blair, Mr. B. K. Ghosh (the then Head of Office), Mr. Samir Biswas, Mr. Bidyut Kumar Das, Mr. Umesh Kumar, and Mr. S. A. Bariq. They provided much needed support, both practical and moral, during my research in Andaman. I acknowledge the help and support of the library staff at JNU, New Delhi, and at MPI-EVA, Leipzig. My special thanks go to the library staff of MPI- EVA who helped me procure all the articles and books I ever needed for my research. I also take this opportunity to thank the staff at the Centre for Linguistics, JNU, Mr. S. S. Rawat, Naveen, and Bhagawati Madam for their support and encouragement. I express my sincere gratitude to Jyoti Iyer, a student of the Centre for Linguistics, JNU, who copy-edited the thesis and gave it its present form. I also thank Kamal Choudhary, and K. Krishnamurthy and his wife S. Devi, for the strength and encouragement they managed to give me even during the short span of our meeting in Leipzig. I express my gratitude to my friends Dinesh, Pawan, Subodh, Shashi Bage, and Sulo Da from my hometown, and Alok, Vinay, Sanjayji, Keshari, Bibek, Ramkrishna, Arwind and Debu from Delhi, who helped me in various ways. ii iii This kind of work could not have been done without the support and encouragement of my parents and family. I am very grateful to them. My special thanks go to my wife Pratibha Rani, and my son Pratyush Pranjal for their love, understanding and untiring faith in me. They not only spared me for the completion of my Ph.D., but were also deprived of time they needed with me. I sincerely acknowledge the help provided by Mr. Anoop Kumar Mondal (Tribal Welfare Officer, Kadamtalla) and his wife Ms Anjana Mallik during my stay in Kadamtalla. I also express my gratitude to other Aadi Andaman Janjati Vikas Samiti (AAJVS) Field Staff, Debrat Kumar Mandal alias Dippu (and his family members), Bibhuti Biswas, Bhajan Biswas alias Uncle, Swapan Hawldar, Late Vinay Kumar Tete, Lokanath, Ramesh Madhu alias Rana, Prashant Saha, and Balram Yadav. I thank them for never letting me feel that I was away from home. I wish to thank the local people of Kadamtalla for their support during my stay, especially Mr. Panchanand Prasad, Mr. Om Prakash Prasad, Mrs. Nirmala Devi, and Ms. Jyoti Kumari. The greatest and foremost problem in even beginning of my research was to get permission to visit the Jarawa Reserve for the collection of linguistic data. I am indebted to the Government of India, in particular the Ministry of Home Affairs and Tribal Affairs, and the Andaman administration, for their constant defence of my research permit. They deserve a special mention. I thank Mr. N. Gopalaswamy (then Principal Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs), Mr. Jalali (then Joint Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs), Mrs. Aindri Anurag, (then Director, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Ministry of Home Affairs), Mr. Rajiv Kumar (then Joint Secretary, Ministry of Tribal Affairs), Mr. B. S. Karmawphlang, (then Director, Andaman & Nicobar, Ministry of Tribal Affairs), Mr. Gyanesh Bharati (then Deputy Commissioner, Andaman Islands, iii iv at Port Blair), Mr. S. A. Awaradhi (then Director, Directorate of Tribal Welfare, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, at Port Blair), and Mr. Acchelal Singh (then Research Officer, Directorate of Tribal Welfare, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair). It is not only in the reckoning of names, but in the success of my work that I express my utmost thanks to all those I have acknowledged here. Pramod Kumar PLACE: New Delhi DATE: 20th January, 2012 iv v Table of Contents Acknowledgements i-iv Abbreviations xiii-xiv Tables and Figures xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Landscape 3 1.2 Demography 5 1.3 History of Islands 7 1.3.1 Pre-colonial Period (till 1775) 8 1.3.2 Colonial Period (1776 – 1947) 9 1.3.3 Independence and After (1947 – 1997) 13 1.3.4 Post-1997 Period (1998 – till date) 14 1.4 Inhabitants of the islands 15 1.4.1 Great Andamanese 16 1.4.2 Onge 18 1.4.3 Jarawa 18 1.4.4 Sentinalese 20 1.4.5 Jangil 21 1.5 The Jarawa people 21 1.5.1 Social structure and customs 21 1.5.2 Tools and Artefacts 24 1.6 Previous studies 26 1.6.1 Nair (1974) 26 1.6.2 Rajasingh & Ranganathan (2000) 27 1.6.3 Senkuttuvam (2000) 27 v vi 1.6.4 Sreenathan (2001) 28 1.6.5 Rajasingh (2002) 28 1.6.6 Abbi (2006) 29 1.6.7 Blevins (2007) 29 1.7 Present Study and its Methodology 30 1.7.1 Present Study 30 1.7.2 Methodology 30 1.7.2.1 Selection of consultants 31 1.7.2.2 The selection of the area 31 1.7.2.3 Tools for the study 32 1.7.2.3.1 The questionnaire 32 1.7.2.3.2 Systematic observation 33 1.7.2.4 Field Procedure 33 1.7.3 Limitations of the study 34 1.8 Organization of the present work 35 Chapter 2 Phonetics & Phonology 2.0 Introduction 36 2.1 Sounds and Phonemes 37 2.2 Phonemic Contrasts 39 2.2.1 Vowels 40 2.2.1.1 Qualitative Contrasts 41 2.2.1.2 Quantitative Contrasts 44 2.2.2 Consonants 45 2.2.2.1 Plosives and Retroflex 46 2.2.2.2 Nasals 54 2.2.2.3 Fricatives 55 2.2.2.4 Trill, Flap and Laterals 58 2.2.2.5 Approximants 58 vi vii 2.3 Phonemic distribution 59 2.3.1 At syllable level 59 2.3.1.1 Consonants 60 2.3.2 At word level 62 2.3.2.1 Vowels 62 2.3.2.2 Consonants 63 2.4 Syllabic Structure 65 2.5 Syllabification 66 2.6 Word Structure 66 2.7 Morphophonemic 69 2.7.1 mi vs ma 69 2.7.2 Reduced Forms 71 2.8 Conclusion 72 Chapter 3 Morphology 3.0 Introduction 73 3.1 Morpheme/ word 73 3.2 Word class 75 3.3 Noun Morphology: Nouns and Noun Phrases 76 3.3.1 Pronouns 76 3.3.1.1 Personal pronouns 76 3.3.1.1.1 Morphological nature of personal pronouns 80 3.3.1.2 Demonstrative pronoun 85 3.3.1.3 Interrogative pronoun 86 3.3.2 Nouns and noun classification 86 3.3.2.1 Gender 94 3.3.2.2 Number 95 3.3.2.3 Case marking 96 3.3.3 Possession 96 vii viii 3.3.3.1 Inalienable possession 97 3.3.3.2 Alienable
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Penal Settlement to Capital Town: Human Ecological Aspect of the Rise and Growth of Port Blair
    FROM PENAL SETTLEMENT TO CAPITAL TOWN: HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RISE AND GROWTH OF PORT BLAIR KAILASH From Penal Settlement to capital town, unabated population pressure in Port Blair and its vicinity has affected the island's ecology and environment. However, a unique human ecology is progressing along with several environmental intricacies like potable water scarcity, insanitation and marine pollution. This study attempts to review the process of urbanisation in the Andamans on the one hand and the factors in human ecology of the capital town on the other. Dr. Kailash is a Lecturer, Unit for Urban Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Bombay. From the beginning of social existence on earth, man has abused the physical environment — whether it was the establishment of settlements or beginning of agricultural practices, mining and manufacturing industries or construction of dams, reservoirs, roads and large buildings and so on, it all happened against the established norms of ecosystem. In the Andamans, some of these activities took place since the beginning of the Penal Settlement in 1858 when there was large- scale depletion of forest land for the expansion of the settlement. This practice still continues over large areas in different islands. The growing population pressure from the Indian mainland is damaging the physical environment. The gradual expansion of urban phenomena from one island to another is taking place simul­ taneously. Thus, a unique cultural set up has evolved in the capital, Port Blair. The human adaptation and the controls over the adverse ecological conditions remained the focus of the study made by Lal 1962; Sen 1954,1957,1959 and 1962; and Sinha 1952.
    [Show full text]
  • Grammatical Gender in Hindukush Languages
    Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General linguistics Bachelor's programme in Linguistics Spring term 2016 Supervisor: Henrik Liljegren Examinator: Bernhard Wälchli Expert reviewer: Emil Perder Project affiliation: “Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush Region,” a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (421-2014-631) Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Abstract In the mountainous area of the Greater Hindukush in northern Pakistan, north-western Afghanistan and Kashmir, some fifty languages from six different genera are spoken. The languages are at the same time innovative and archaic, and are of great interest for areal-typological research. This study investigates grammatical gender in a 12-language sample in the area from an areal-typological perspective. The results show some intriguing features, including unexpected loss of gender, languages that have developed a gender system based on the semantic category of animacy, and languages where this animacy distinction is present parallel to the inherited gender system based on a masculine/feminine distinction found in many Indo-Aryan languages. Keywords Grammatical gender, areal-typology, Hindukush, animacy, nominal categories Grammatiskt genus i Hindukush-språk En areal-typologisk studie Julia Lautin Sammanfattning I den här studien undersöks grammatiskt genus i ett antal språk som talas i ett bergsområde beläget i norra Pakistan, nordvästra Afghanistan och Kashmir. I området, här kallat Greater Hindukush, talas omkring 50 olika språk från sex olika språkfamiljer. Det stora antalet språk tillsammans med den otillgängliga terrängen har gjort att språken är arkaiska i vissa hänseenden och innovativa i andra, vilket gör det till ett intressant område för arealtypologisk forskning.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Mapping and Research
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 Chapter 1 Introduction and history of mapping and research P. C. BANDOPADHYAY Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-19, India [email protected] Abstract: This chapter examines the history of reconnaissance and geological mapping work on the Andaman and Nicobar islands. To understand early exploration it is necessary to review the driving forces for colonization, including the development of the Andaman Islands as a penal colony for political prisoners. Geological mapping conducted in the colonial era continued after India gained independence in 1947 and expanded in the 1980s to include hydrocarbon and mineral resources. More recent work has placed greater emphasis on supporting field observation data with geochronological, geochemical and petrological analyses. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license. Floating in splendid isolation in the NE Indian Ocean, a curved more complete, integrated and comprehensive treatment of chain of islands, islets and rocks constitute the Andaman and the geology, stratigraphy and tectonics and a first systematic Nicobar archipelago, the central part of the Western Sunda attempt to understand the geomorphology. This first chapter Arc that extends from the outer-arc islands of Sumatra in the outlines the history of the islands and the early exploration south to highlands of the Indo-Burma Ranges (IBR) in the and mapping. north (Fig. 1.1). The north–south-aligned archipelago located at longitude 92–948 E and latitude 6–148 N is flanked by the Bay of Bengal to the west and by the Andaman Sea to the east.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Phonetic Study of the Circassian Languages Author(S
    A comparative phonetic study of the Circassian languages Author(s): Ayla Applebaum and Matthew Gordon Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Languages of the Caucasus (2013), pp. 3-17 Editors: Chundra Cathcart, Shinae Kang, and Clare S. Sandy Please contact BLS regarding any further use of this work. BLS retains copyright for both print and screen forms of the publication. BLS may be contacted via http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/bls/. The Annual Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society is published online via eLanguage, the Linguistic Society of America's digital publishing platform. A Comparative Phonetic Study of the Circassian Languages1 AYLA APPLEBAUM and MATTHEW GORDON University of California, Santa Barbara Introduction This paper presents results of a phonetic study of Circassian languages. Three phonetic properties were targeted for investigation: voice-onset time for stop consonants, spectral properties of the coronal fricatives, and formant values for vowels. Circassian is a branch of the Northwest Caucasian language family, which also includes Abhaz-Abaza and Ubykh. Circassian is divided into two dialectal subgroups: West Circassian (commonly known as Adyghe), and East Circassian (also known as Kabardian). The West Circassian subgroup includes Temirgoy, Abzekh, Hatkoy, Shapsugh, and Bzhedugh. East Circassian comprises Kabardian and Besleney. The Circassian languages are indigenous to the area between the Caspian and Black Seas but, since the Russian invasion of the Caucasus region in the middle of the 19th century, the majority of Circassians now live in diaspora communities, most prevalently in Turkey but also in smaller outposts throughout the Middle East and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations From
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons@Wayne State University Human Biology Volume 85 Issue 1 Special Issue on Revisiting the "Negrito" Article 9 Hypothesis 2013 Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities E Heyer EcoAnthropologie et Ethnobiologie, MNHN, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, [email protected] M Georges EcoAnthropologie et Ethnobiologie, MNHN, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France M Pachner Andaman and Nicobar Association, Liestal, Switzerland P Endicott EcoAnthropologie et Ethnobiologie, MNHN, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons Recommended Citation Heyer, E; Georges, M; Pachner, M; and Endicott, P (2013) "Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities," Human Biology: Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 9. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol85/iss1/9 Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities Abstract Genetic data corresponding to four negrito populations (two Aeta and two Agta; n = 120) from the Luzon region of the Philippines have been analyzed. These data comprise mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment 1 haplotypes and haplogroups, Y-chromosome haplogroups and short tandem repeats (STRs), autosomal STRs, and X-chromosome STRs.
    [Show full text]
  • Self Determination and Indigenous People: the Fight for 'Commons'
    144 Medico-legal Update, January-March 2020, Vol.20, No. 1 DOI Number: 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194313 Self Determination and Indigenous People: The Fight For ‘Commons’ Swati Mohapatra Assistant Professor, School of Law, K.I.I.T , Deemed to be University Abstract History has always seen the less-privileged as the one suffering the alienation of their rights, entitlements. It is equally true that these communities have fought back to claim what is rightfully theirs. The principle of Self determination or the right to decide how to be governed can be traced back to World War-1 and the principles laid down by Woodrow Wilson. This right to Self determination exists for each one of us. This becomes even more imminent when it belongs to a community which has its own preserved culture to protect, it has its own resources of which it is the foremost protector. Here the paper emphasizes how the tribals in India have now been reduced to a mere dependant and beggary.The paper traces the various changes of the Indian legal system governing the relationship between the ‘Commons’ and the Tribal Communities. But ‘the history of Forests is the history of conflicts’. The researcher has taken two case studies- the struggles of the Dongria-Kondhs of Odisha and the Sentinelese from Andaman , to show how these communities have in their own unparalleled ways protect their Commons from the never-ending appetite of the industrialization and human greed. Lastly, the researcher has analysed various provisions from the Corpus of Indian laws, to find out where is the State missing out.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Island of the Savages
    The Last Island of the Savages Journeying to the Andaman Islands to meet the most isolated tribe on Earth By Adam Goodheart | September 5, 2000 Ana Raquel S. Hernandes/Flickr The lumps of white coral shone round the dark mound like a chaplet of bleached skulls, and everything around was so quiet that when I stood still all sound and all movement in the world seemed to come to an end. It was a great peace, as if the earth had been one grave, and for a time I stood there thinking mostly of the living who, buried in remote places out of the knowledge of mankind, still are fated to share in its tragic or grotesque miseries. In its noble struggles too—who knows? The human heart is vast enough to contain all the world. It is valiant enough to bear the burden, but where is the courage that would cast it off? —Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim Shortly before midnight on August 2, 1981, a Panamanian-registered freighter called the Primrose, which was traveling in heavy seas between Bangladesh and Australia with a cargo of poultry feed, ran aground on a coral reef in the Bay of Bengal. As dawn broke the next morning, the captain was probably relieved to see dry land just a few hundred yards from the Primrose’s resting place: a low-lying island, several miles across, with a narrow beach of clean white sand giving way to dense jungle. If he consulted his charts, he realized that this was North Sentinel Island, a western outlier in the Andaman archipelago, which belongs to India and stretches in a ragged line between Burma and Sumatra.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Introduction to the Geography and Geomorphology Of
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on February 7, 2017 Chapter 2 Introduction to the geography and geomorphology of the Andaman–Nicobar Islands P. C. BANDOPADHYAY1* & A. CARTER2 1Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India 2Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The geography and the geomorphology of the Andaman–Nicobar accretionary ridge (islands) is extremely varied, recording a complex interaction between tectonics, climate, eustacy and surface uplift and weathering processes. This chapter outlines the principal geographical features of this diverse group of islands. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license The Andaman–Nicobar archipelago is the emergent part of a administrative headquarters of the Nicobar Group. Other long ridge which extends from the Arakan–Yoma ranges of islands of importance are Katchal, Camorta, Nancowry, Till- western Myanmar (Burma) in the north to Sumatra in the angchong, Chowra, Little Nicobar and Great Nicobar. The lat- south. To the east the archipelago is flanked by the Andaman ter is the largest covering 1045 km2. Indira Point on the south Sea and to the west by the Bay of Bengal (Fig. 1.1). A coast of Great Nicobar Island, named after the honorable Prime c. 160 km wide submarine channel running parallel to the Minister Smt Indira Gandhi of India, lies 147 km from the 108 N latitude between Car Nicobar and Little Andaman northern tip of Sumatra and is India’s southernmost point.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman Islands, India
    Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery. 2019, 3(4): 398-405 © 2019 GCdataPR DOI:10.3974/geodp.2019.04.15 Global Change Research Data Publishing & Repository www.geodoi.ac.cn Global Change Data Encyclopedia Andaman Islands, India Shen, Y.1 Liu, C.1* Shi, R. X.1 Chen, L. J.2 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China Keywords: Andaman Islands; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Bay of Bengal; Indian Ocean; India; data encyclopedia Andaman Islands is the main part of the An- daman and Nicobar Islands. It belongs to the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and its geo-location is 10°30′39″N–13°40′36″N, 92°11′55″E–94°16′ 38″E[1]. It is located between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea (Figure 1). It is separated from Coco Islands[2] by Coco Chanel at its north, and from Nicobar Islands[3] by Ten De- gree Chanel at its south. The Andaman Islands consists of Great Andaman Archipelago[4], Lit- tle Andaman Group[5], Ritchie’s Archipelago[6], [7] [8] East Volcano Islands and Sentinel Islands Figure 1 Map of Andaman Islands (Figure 2), with a total of 211 islands (islets, [1] (.kmz format) rocks) . The total area of the Andaman Islands is 5,787.79 km2, and the coastline is 2,878.77 km. Great Andaman Archipelago is the main part of Andaman Islands, and is the largest Ar- chipelago in Andaman Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded Dataset, and the Bi-Labelled Individual Completely Removed
    An exploratory analysis of combined genome-wide SNP data from several recent studies Blaise Li Abstract The usefulness of a ‘total-evidence’ approach to human population genetics was assessed through a clustering analysis of combined genome-wide SNP datasets. The combination contained only 3146 SNPs. Detailed examination of the results nonetheless enables the extraction of relevant clues about the history of human populations, some pertaining to events as ancient as the first migration out of Africa. The results are mostly coherent with what is known from history, linguistics, and previous genetic analyses. These promising results suggest that cross-studies data confrontation have the potential to yield interesting new hypotheses about human population history. Key words: Data combination, Graphical representation, Human populations, Single nucleotide polymorphism 1. Introduction Let this introduction begin with a disclaimer: I am not a population geneti- cist, but a phylogeneticist who happens to be interested in human popula- tion history. The results presented here should not be considered as scientific claims about human population histories, but only as hypotheses that might deserve further investigation. arXiv:1101.5519v4 [q-bio.PE] 6 Dec 2012 In human population genetics, numerous papers have recently been pub- lished using genome-wide SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) data for populations of various places in the world. These papers often represent the data by means of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) plots or clustering bar plots. The details of such graphical representations suggest a variety of interesting hypotheses concerning the relationships between populations. However, it is frustrating to see the data scattered between different studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Letter of King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain (1756) Jacques Leider
    The Golden Letter of King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain (1756) Jacques Leider To cite this version: Jacques Leider. The Golden Letter of King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain (1756). 2019. halshs-02324811 HAL Id: halshs-02324811 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02324811 Submitted on 25 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ______________________ _________________________________________________________ Report/ Research/ Translation The Golden Letter of King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain (1756) . (With Translations into English, French, and German ) by Jacques P. Leider Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek – Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek. The Golden Letter of King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain was inscribed into the Memory of the World Register in 2015. Its inclusion in MoW resulted from a coordinated submission by three countries in two continents, Germany, the United Kingdom and Myanmar, hinting at the exceptional status of this unique epistolary document. The synchronized move to gain recognition of the Golden Letter as a world - class piece of cultural heritage reflects outstanding good -will between institutions from three nations, but first of all the transnational character of the letter itself, the compl ex historical context of its production and ultimately, as the present article will also try to show, some of the forgotten links between monarchies and trading companies in the 18 th century.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of Language Contact Between Jarawa and Aka-Bea: the Languages of South Andaman1
    Acta Orientalia 2011: 72, 1–40. Copyright © 2011 Printed in India – all rights reserved ACTA ORIENTALIA ISSN 0001-6483 In search of language contact between Jarawa and Aka-Bea: The languages of South Andaman1 Anvita Abbi and Pramod Kumar Cairns Institute, Cairns, Australia & Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Abstract The paper brings forth a preliminary report on the comparative data available on the extinct language Aka-Bea (Man 1923) and the endangered language Jarawa spoken in the south and the central parts of the Andaman Islands. Speakers of Aka-Bea, a South Andaman language of the Great Andamanese family and the speakers of Jarawa, the language of a distinct language family (Abbi 2006, 2009, Blevins 2008) lived adjacent to each other, i.e. in the southern region of the Great Andaman Islands in the past. Both had been hunter-gatherers and never had any contact with each other (Portman 1899, 1990). The Jarawas have been known for living in isolation for thousands of years, coming in contact with the outside world only recently in 1998. It is, then surprising to discover traces of some language-contact in the past between the two communities. Not a large database, but a few examples of lexical similarities between Aka-Bea and Jarawa are 1 The initial version of this paper was presented in The First Conference on ASJP and Language Prehistory (ALP-I), on 18 September 2010, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. We thank Alexandra Aikhnevald for helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. 2 Anvita Abbi & Pramod Kumar investigated here.
    [Show full text]