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Physalis Peruviana L.) and Impact of Some Selected Safe Materials Against the Main Pests

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Physalis Peruviana L.) and Impact of Some Selected Safe Materials Against the Main Pests Annals of Agricultural Science (2015) xxx(xx), xxx–xxx HOSTED BY Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University Annals of Agricultural Science www.elsevier.com/locate/aoas Survey of insects & mite associated Cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.) and impact of some selected safe materials against the main pests A.F.E. Afsah Plant Protection Research Institute, 7 Nadi El-Said Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt Received 2 April 2015; accepted 28 April 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract All experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Plant Protection Research Survey; Station at Qaha, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, throughout two successive growing seasons (2012 Cape gooseberry; and 2013) on vegetative period. The results clearly indicated the presence of 36 species belonging Physalis peruviana L.; to 25 families under 10 orders. These insects and mites are as follows: Safe materials Insect species were clover leaf weevil, Phytonomus brunneipennis Boh.; clover root weevil, Sitona Lividipes Fahraeus; cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Huf.); green bug, Nezara viridula L.; Semillopers, Autographa gamma L.; tomato borer, Tuta absoluta Povolny; milkweed bug, Spilostethus pandurus Scop; white-spotted bug, Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood); mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso; red bug, Scantius aegyptius (L.); cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); cotton jassids, Empoasca lybica (de Berg); cotton thrips. Thrips Tabaci Lind; cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa; adonis beetle, Hippodamia (Adonia) variegate (Goeze); Ladybird beetles, Coccinella spp. Linnaeus; Flower bug, Orius spp. Say; Aphid lion, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens); mantis, Mantis religiosa L.; Gosmlyce baeticus L.; cabbage worm, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus); spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) and colorful butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus). Mite species were the red spider mite, Tetranychus spp.; eriophyid mite (tomato russet mite), Aceria lycopersici (Wolffenstein); broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks); Phytoseiulus per- similis Athias-Henriot, Amblyseius gossypii EL-Badery, Stigmaeus rattus Gomaa and Rakha, Cunaxa spp.; the red spider mite, Tarsonemus spp. and Tydeus spp. Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.04.005 0570-1783 ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Please cite this article in press as: Afsah, A.F.E. Survey of insects & mite associated Cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.) and impact of some selected safe materials against the main pests. Ann. Agric. Sci. (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.04.005 2 A.F.E. Afsah The results showed that Aceria lycopersici proved to be the most abundant species followed by Bemisia tabaci and the Tetranychus spp. recorded with occurrence percent 87.15, 4.63 and 4.16% from grand mean total, respectively. Data showed that Solfan, KZ oil and Achook have suppressed effect on the individuals activity of the eriophyid mites, red spider mite and whitefly compared with control. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Introduction controlling spider mites, aphids and scale insects; sulfur con- trols mites (particularly eriophyid mites by inhibiting respi- The genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae) is originating from the ration) on a range of crop and Azadirachtin from neem Andes, with tropical global distribution, occurring from south- effects insects in a variety of different ways: as an anti- ern North America to South America (Silva and Agra, 2005). feedant, insect growth regulator and repellent properties, The majority of the species is wild, but some species are culti- uses Neem tree extracts and formulations are used for con- vated in countries such as Colombia, Mexico, China, Japan trol of whitefly, leaf miners and other pests. As anti-feedant and recently in Brazil. These countries has as main consumer sensitivity varies greatly between insects the overriding effi- market the European countries, mainly of fresh fruits, because cacy of neem insecticide use lies in its physiological toxic its fruits are used as food and also in pharmaceutical industry effects. It is now accepted that neem insecticides have a wide (Lorenzi and Matos, 2002; Thome and Osaki, 2010). Physalis margin of safety for both user and consumer. In addition to is casually eaten and occasionally sold in markets. Only this, Jennifer Mordue and Alasdair, 2000 stated that, the recently has the plant become an important crop; it has been neem tree has long been recognized for its unique properties widely introduced into cultivation in other tropical, subtropi- both against insects and in improving human health. cal and even temperate areas. It is grown in Egypt where it The Widespread use of synthetic compounds against pests is known locally as harankash or as is-sitt il-mistahiya (the has toxic effect on other non target organisms in both lower shy woman), a reference to the papery sheath. and higher trophic levels (Dejan et al., 2011). Consumers Physalis peruviana (physalis = bladder) have numerous worldwide are now strongly demanding agricultural products common name according to the country/or regions, as Cape grown with few or no chemicals. Many farmers are aware of gooseberry (South Africa), Inca berry, Aztec berry, golden the dangers of excessive chemicals and are now trying to berry, giant ground cherry, African ground cherry, Peruvian replace chemicals with safe or organic pesticides. In addition ground cherry, Peruvian cherry, pokpok (Madagascar), Cape gooseberry is consumed as a fresh food. Hence, we try (Hawaii), rasbhari (India), poha aguaymanto poha aguay- to sustainably protecting the Cape gooseberry plant, from manto (Peru), uvilla (Ecuador), uchuva (Colombia), haran- the main pests along the plant season using some safe kash (Egypt), amur en cage (France, French for love in a products. cage), and sometimes simply physalis (United Kingdom). Thus, this study aims for Survey of insects, mites, and asso- In addition to this, Physalis peruviana and Physalis angulata ciated natural enemies and impact study of certain selected safe (Linnaeus) are native to South America and in Brazil. P. angu- materials on the main pests on Cape gooseberry plants by safe lata is a species widely used in popular medicine as anti- materials such as Solfan, KZ-oil and Achook. coagulant, anti-leukemic, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, analgesic and treatment of dia- betes, among others (Chiang et al., 1992). Materials and methods Lopes et al. (2006) report that researches with several spe- cies of genus Physalis have considerable importance, reflecting Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of its importance to the basic sciences such as Botany, Chemistry, Plant Protection Research Station at Qaha, Qalubia Pharmacology, Toxicology and Genetics. However, studies on Governorate, affiliated to Plant Protection Research insect pests associated with these plants are incipient (Maia Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two et al., 2009). USDA, 1997 listed 19 genes, belonging to 9 successive summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 for survey and Families on Physalis peruviana L. Therefore, knowledge and relative occurrence of insects, mites species attacking Cape identification of species that may cause damage the culture gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.), associated natural of Cape gooseberry are important to define efficient methods enemies and control of main pests. of control, since plants of Cape gooseberry tomato may be act- The experimental area in order to survey and relative occur- ing as a refuge for insects’ pest during the off-season. rence was 900 m2, and it is divided into three replicates, each In addition Sulfur element play a great role in plant replicate was 300 m2. Cape gooseberry was transplanted on metabolism and supplying it to the soil caused reduction 3rd and 7th of April and March in first and second seasons, in the soil pH, consequently enhance the solubility and respectively. The normal agricultural practices (irrigation and availability of many elements, Lai et al. (2000). Some inves- fertilization) were done with no pesticide applications. tigators found that, sulfur addition improved vegetables In addition the treated area was 600 m2; it is divided into growth and their yields (Saleep and Abdel-Ghani, 2000; twelve plots, each plot represents a replicate (50 m2) and each Elliott, 2003; Assmaa et al., 2004 and Kandil and Gad, treatment and control was represented by 3 replicates. The 2009). Mac Bean, 2012 showed that Petroleum oil use for experiment was designed in a complete randomized design. Please cite this article in press as: Afsah, A.F.E. Survey of insects & mite associated Cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.) and impact of some selected safe materials against the main pests. Ann. Agric. Sci. (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.04.005 Survey of insects & mite associated Cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana L.) 3 Cape gooseberry was transplanted on 7th of March 2013. This Table 1 The tested materials. study clearly indicated the following points. Commercial Active Conc. Rate/100 l Survey name ingredient of water Solfan Sulfur 70%SC 200 cm Two methods of sampling were
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