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Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of Islamic Fiqh Al-Tasawabit and Al-Mutaghayyirat Approaches

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Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of Islamic Fiqh Al-Tasawabit and Al-Mutaghayyirat Approaches Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(12):1102-1107 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On The Implementation Of Islamic Fiqh Al-Tasawabit And Al-Mutaghayyirat Approaches EWxapheirdt iin,TJohheaFrie, lSdyaohf pIsalawmi ic Study Methodology, Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University, Indonesia Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study discusses the impact of covid-19 pandemic on the application of Islamic Keywords: Islamic Fiqh, Pandemic Covid-19, Al-Tasawabit, Al- Mutaghayyirat fiqh in worship activities for Muslims. Fiqh is a reflective crystallization of mujtahid reasoning on sharia texts (al-nushush al-shari'ah) which are loaded with the Correspondence: contents of space and time. Pandemic covid-19 brings impact to all aspects of Syahpawi human life, including in Islamic Fiqh. Therefore, Islamic fiqh continues to develop Expert in The Field of Islamic Study Methodology, Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State along with the development of the dynamics of community life and the problems Islamic University, Indonesia of the age that surrounds it. The methodology used in this study is the al-tsawabit *Corresponding author: Syahpawi email-address: [email protected] and al-mutaghayyirat approaches. This paper finds the implementation of Islamic ​ fiqh during the covid-19 pandemic was a moderation of Islamic figh. INTRODUCTION jurisprudence, including: (Syahpawi et al, 2019; Johari et Yusuf al-Qardhawi discusses in the book "Mustaqbal al- al, 2020), discussed the renewal of the basic legal Ushuliyah al-Islamiyah" entitled "Al-Mustaqbal Litayyar concepts of inheritance, and management of inheritance. al-Washathiyyah" (The Future belongs to moderate Then relating to the co-19 pandemic, written by (Salim Islamic thought) interesting to watch. Because in this al- Lahmiri et al, 2020; Yi-Chang Chou et al, 2020), discusses Qardhawi explained clearly the reasons and the basis of the use of health services and the measurement of his statement. Al-Qardhawi said: "Why will the direction reciprocal information from market expectations and of moderation of Islam have a future? Because all investor fears during the Covid-19 pandemic. phenomena and evidence show that the future of the The urgency of Fiqh al-Tsawabit and al- ummah is in the hands of followers of Islamic moderation MTHuEtaOgRhEaTyIyCiArLatFOUNDATION thinking, because it is these followers who are able to Al-Tsawabit al-tsabit communicate with humans verbally from their time, more open and objective and still hold fast to texts and is a plural form of the word which things that are constant ". (Al-Qardhawi, 1997: 77). means things that are standard, permanent and Yusuf al-Qardhawi's statement above is not an apological permanent. According to the meaning of terminology, n⺒ itio뇸⺒nڦh⺒ edefόiڦdmingtڦcluڦal ᡔde⺒finitionys,ψinϨ⺒ڦstatement to balance two orthodox understandings on there are syev른er ⺒ ⺒ڦ ΘϨ른m ڦ뇸⺒ Θ ⺒ڦyath른iby⺒:ᡔ⺒ڦone side and liberal understandings on the other. The stated by al-S ⺒⺒른 ⺒ڦόόΘ 뭘른 ⺒⺒ڦstatement is essentially a statement that confirms that ㄵm έㄵ the true teachings of Islam are teachings that are Al-Tsawabit is qath'i matters which have no room for washathiyah (moderate), even higher than moderate thought after the truth is clear, and there is no room for which is between reality and ideality, which has high jihad. Al-Tsawabit is an intrinsically clear part of the law ideals for the welfare of the people in the world and the and certain things go wrong. hereafter. (MUI Da'wah Commission Team, 2019: 6). al-tsawabit al-mutaghayyirat Moderation of Islamic teachings comes from the texts of (Al-Qurthubi, tt: 115) the Koran and al-Hadith. In the Koran, for example, it is The jurisprudence of and found in Surah al-Baqarah verse 143: "And likewise we has a very important meaning in maintaining the have made you (Muslims), a just and chosen people so realization of benefitaal-mtsoawngabhiut man bael-imngustabgohtahyyrierlaatted that you can be witnesses to (human actions) and that the to matters of worship and in matters of muamalah, Apostle (Muhammad) will be witness to your (deeds) ". fbieqchauasl-editnhe fiqh of and is (al-Baqarah: 143), In one of the traditions it is stated: the most important and inseparable part of the scope of "From Abu Hurairah ra, the Prophet SAW said:" If you ask in general. This jurisprudence is included in of Allah, then ask from Him paradise al-Firdaus because the scope of the meaning of al-hikma which is one of the he is the most middle and most paradise high". (H.R. greatest gifts from Allah for a Muslim and Muslim. (Al- Bukhari: N. 281), In this hadith the Prophet explained Baqarah: 269) This jurisprudence is very important and that surge al-paradise is ausath al-jannah (the most urgent, because it makes a Muslim and Muslim have middle heaven). bashirah, which will prevent him from confusion in facing This moderation of religion is also shown by the nature of and dealing with various probleaml-tssaawnadbictontarnodversaial-l Islamic sharia which is universal (syumuliyah) anadl- missuutaesghthaaytyiarraetvery numerous and rampant todayt.awazun Iflselaxmiblesh(maliuhrulni akhu)lslio zthaamtatnhewteaacmhiankgasna)re timeless as in Furthermore, tthaewasufitqhh of the adage "Islam is always relevant in every place" ( al-ghuhluaws the characteristics of tasahul . (Al-Qardhawi, (proportional), (moderate) and avoids the 1998: 10), applies not only to the Muslim community in a attitude of (excessive and extreme) and certain period of time, but to all mankind in cross-times. (simplifying or simplifying). Even this fiqh becomes T11h0e2re are several studies on renewalSysintemIsalatimc iRceviews inurPgheanrtmbaecayuse it becomes one of the foundations and Vol 11, Issue 12, December 2020 Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On The Implementation Of Islamic Fiqh Al-Tasawabit And Al-Mutaghayyirat Approaches mujtahidin Ahlussunnah Waljama'ah foundations in every assessment that is true, correct and been disputed or have the potential to be disputed among fair and proportional to events, people, groups andfioqthhearls-. al-tsawabit imams frFoirmst, the aTwhilsawfiiqyhatbecomes urgent becafuiqseh iatl-amlsuowbaezcaonmates the circles. More detailed cases thSaetcfoanlldinto the category of basis or very basic foundation in understanding include; the problem of aqidah laws. (priority fiqh) and (fiqh (Salih Fauzan, 2002: 259). , the problem of that weighs and compares valr-itosuaswaboipt tions aanld- worship. Worship is the name for all those who are loved maltuetrangahtaivyeysir.at and blessed by Allah SWT from words, actions born in the The application is fiqh of and heart, such as purification, prayer, fasting, zakat, (especially those of al-mutaghayyirat) pilgrimage and other services of dhikr, istighfar and wㄵh icha⺒ re agreed upon by Tevheirrdythianl-gmrueqlaatdeddatroatit such as conditions, harmony andڦ les⺒ڦatλtenόmtiontoth⺒ e뭘r른u⺒ڦmust pay the ulama in general. Among the rules are as follows: kaifiyat its implementation. (Ibn Taymiyah, 2005: 20). , , which is a number of cases a. (Ijtihadi law does not violate maqashid al-shar'i). Maqashid al-syhairf'zi explained by syara' with very clear and definite abla-sniacfaslly preserves five main (chaisfezs a(pl-r'ainqcliples) namely boundaries so that it does not contain possibilities and preservinghriefzligaiol-nm(hailfz al-din), preserving the sohuilfz( al- territorial issues such as inheritance problems, iddah nasal ), preserving reason ), preserving probleFmosuratnhd kaffarat problems that never change with property ( ) and maintain offspring ( the change in time and place. (Kamaluddin al-Hamam, tt: 35). , Usul al-Muamalat (muamalah points) .eㄵd, dam⺒age will occurڦnor⺒ڦf thefive⺒ is뭘른ig⺒ڦenoᡔneo⺒ڦWόh.( (Al-Amidy, 1402 H: 10). contains general rules that guide the bermuamalah such as trustworthy, just, deliberation, amar makruf nahi (Ijtihadi law Fifth al-qath'iyyat qath'i al-tsubut qath'i al-dilalah munkar, keeping promises, respecting the old and loving dbo.es not violate the texts that are qath'i). Nash the qath'i qath'i qath'i al-tsubut the young and so on. , General (certain here are and . Nash the general cases) a number of deeds are considered is a text that is attributed to its owner qath'i al-dilalah (certain) by syara 'either through texts or ijma' or (Allah and the Apostle) which includes al-Quran and al- something that is known part of al-din bi al-dharurat Sunnah al-mut worriedah. The text of the al- which will not accept change or replacement. (Abdul is the text in which it is possible to have one meaning and muhkam al-mufassar Rahman Zaidy, tt: 37) t⺒ermέumsulfiqh is called lafazڦichin⺒th뭘e른 ڦone law, wΘh and . Application of al-Tsawabit and al-Mutaghayyirat Fiqh Ijma' iDnIStChUeSCSoIvOiNd-19 Pandemic (Ijtihadi law does not co.nflict with ijma '). is the syar'i proposition after al-Quran and al-hadith, the laws that have been accepted Approximately four months we have been hit by the are the law of the qath'i who are obliged to do charity existence of a covid-19 pandemic that not only has an with them and are forbidden to set them aside as impact on socio-economic problems, but also has an stipulated by jumhur ulama such as in matters of worship, impact on the issue of worship, where everyone must ,edleέvemls,the problem of adultery carry out social distancing or phisycal distancing⺒ڦpredete⺒rm뭘i른nڦcasestheόϨ and so on. (Al-Ghazli, tt: 124) avoiding crowds and crowds and various Another health (Ijtihadi law must not protocol for one
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