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Optická Paměťová Média, Principy, Využití, Trendy

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Optická Paměťová Média, Principy, Využití, Trendy MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FAKULTA INFORMATIKY Optická paměťová média, principy, využití, trendy BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Martin Langer Brno 2011 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že tato práce je mým původním autorským dílem, které jsem vypracoval samostatně. Všechny zdroje, prameny a literaturu, které jsem při vypracování používal nebo z nich čerpal, v práci řádně cituji s uvedením úplného odkazu na příslušný zdroj. ___________________ Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Jan Staudek, CSc. Poděkování Rád bych poděkoval doc. Ing. Janu Staudkovi, CSc. za odborné vedení práce, cenné rady a připomínky. Shrnutí Cílem této bakalářské práce je zhodnocení a porovnání vlastností, používaných technologií a možností využití soudobých optických paměťových médií. Jednotlivé kapitoly se věnují nejvýznamnějším zástupcům těchto médií (CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HD DVD) a také technologiím, které by je mohly nahradit (holografické paměťové systémy). Součástí práce je i přehled nejvýznamnějších souborových systémů, které optická média využívají pro organizaci svých dat. Klíčová slova CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HD DVD, HVD, High Sierra, ISO 9660, Joliet, Romeo, El Torito, Hierarchical File System, Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol, Universal Disc Format, Mount Rainier Obsah 1 Úvod ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Technologie optických médií ................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Typy optických médií ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Výhody optických médií ................................................................................................................ 2 2.3 Nevýhody optických médií ............................................................................................................ 3 2.4 Struktura optických médií ............................................................................................................. 3 2.4.1 Vrstvy optických médií ........................................................................................................... 3 2.4.2 Vrstva polykarbonátového substrátu ..................................................................................... 3 2.4.3 Záznamová vrstva ................................................................................................................... 4 2.4.4 Odrazivá vrstva ....................................................................................................................... 4 3 CD (Compact Disc) ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Úvod .............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 CD-ROM ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1 Proces výroby média CD-ROM ............................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Princip čtení ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.3 CD-R ............................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3.1 Struktura média CD-R ............................................................................................................. 7 3.3.2 Princip čtení a zápisu .............................................................................................................. 8 3.4 CD-RW ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.4.1 Struktura média CD-RW ......................................................................................................... 9 3.4.2 Princip čtení, zápisu a mazání ............................................................................................... 10 4 DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) ................................................................................................................ 12 4.1 Srovnání CD a DVD ...................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 DVD-ROM, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio ............................................................................................. 14 4.3 DVD-R .......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.4 DVD-RW ....................................................................................................................................... 15 4.5 DVD-RAM ..................................................................................................................................... 15 4.6 Srovnání DVD-R a DVD+R ............................................................................................................ 16 5 Třetí generace optických disků ........................................................................................................... 18 5.1 Úvod ............................................................................................................................................ 18 5.2 BD (Blu-ray disc) .......................................................................................................................... 19 5.2.1 Úvod ..................................................................................................................................... 19 5.2.2 Princip záznamu a čtení ........................................................................................................ 20 5.3 HD DVD (High Definition DVD) .................................................................................................... 21 6 Holografické paměťové systémy ........................................................................................................ 22 6.1 Vývoj holografických pamětí ....................................................................................................... 22 6.2 Princip záznamu........................................................................................................................... 22 6.3 Princip čtení ................................................................................................................................. 23 6.4 Využití holografických pamětí ..................................................................................................... 24 7 Souborové systémy pro optická média .............................................................................................. 26 7.1 Přehled typů souborových systémů ............................................................................................ 26 7.2 High Sierra ................................................................................................................................... 26 7.3 ISO 9660 ...................................................................................................................................... 27 7.4 Joliet ............................................................................................................................................ 27 7.5 Romeo ......................................................................................................................................... 28 7.6 El Torito ....................................................................................................................................... 28 7.7 Hierarchical File System............................................................................................................... 28 7.8 Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol ................................................................................................ 29 7.9 Universal Disc Format .................................................................................................................. 29 7.10 Mount Rainier ............................................................................................................................ 30 8 Budoucnost optických médií .............................................................................................................. 31 9 Závěr ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Seznam použité literatury ..................................................................................................................... 34 Kapitola 1 Úvod Již se vznikem prvních počítačů vznikla potřeba uchovávat data takovým způsobem, aby nedošlo k jejich ztrátě po odpojení od napájecího zdroje a aby bylo možné je přenést na počítač jiný. Z toho důvodu se začala používat přenosná paměťová média. Z počátku se využívaly děrné štítky a děrné pásky, ty však měly mnoho nevýhod (malá kapacita, nízká přenosová rychlost, malá spolehlivost), a proto se hledaly jiné technologie pro záznam dat. V padesátých letech dvacátého století se začala pro ukládání dat využívat média pracující na magnetickém principu záznamu (původně se využívaly magnetické pásky, později magnetické disky). Na konci padesátých let se se vznikem tzv. Laserdiscu začal rozvíjet také
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