Lesson plan created by Tina Corri on behalf of Culture STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers

Welcome to Sunderland Culture’s Cultural Toolkit for STEAM activities! This resource contains notes and lesson plans linking to STEAM education. They are created for KS2 and KS3 teachers, and are editable. They are designed to be easy to use, adaptable and creative - ready to plug in and play. The activities have been developed in partnership with teachers, and take Sunderland’s people and places as their inspiration.

Teacher Notes - Introduction to STEAM

What is STEAM? STEAM stands for Science, TechnologyWelcome, Engineering to Sunderland, Art and Maths. By placing art at theCulture’s heart of STEM Cultural Toolkit education, it recognises the vitalfor role STEAM of the arts activities!and This resource contains notes and lesson plans linking creativity in scientific discoveries,to STEAM inno education.vative design, They are createdand for KS2 and KS3 ground-breaking engineering. teachers, and are editable. They are designed to be easy to use, adaptable and creative - ready to plug in and play. The activities STEAM education explores whahavet happens been developed when in ypartnershipou combine with teachers,these different subjects together and take Sunderland’s people and places as their as a way to explore real-world situainspiration.tions and challenges. It is an approach which encourages invention and curiosity throughTeacher creative, Noteshands-on - Introductionand experimen tot STEAMal learning. At the core of STEAM education are two key concepts: What is STEAM? STEAM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Maths. By placing art at the 1) Integration - teaching subjectsheart ofin STEM an ineducation,tegrat edit recognises way ra thether vital than role of separ the artsa andtely creativity, with in scientific project-based and inquiry-baseddiscoveries, lessons, innovative wher design,e andsubjects ground-breakingsupport engineering. and complement each STEAM education explores what happens when you combine these different subjects other. together as a way to explore real-world situations and challenges. It is an approach which encourages invention and curiosity through creative, hands-on and experimental learning. At the core of STEAM education are two key concepts: 2) Linking with real-life situations – using knowledge and approaches from the different 1. Integration - teaching subjects in an integrated way rather than separately, with project- STEAM subjects and applyingbased them and t inquiry-basedo everyda ylessons, scenarios where subjectsor futur supporte pr andoblems. complement each other. 2. Linking with real-life situations – using knowledge and approaches from the different STEAM subjects and applying them to everyday scenarios or future problems.

Why is STEAM important?Why is STEAM important? STEAM education helps children to develop skills that are important in their daily lives now, STEAM education helps childrenbut t oalso de equipsvelop themskills for thetha futuret ar e- for import how wean willt live,in theirlearn, work daily and liv helpes each now other, but in the 21st century. In particular, STEAM activities can support children’s skills in: - st also equips them for the future• -critical for ho thinkingw w e will live, learn, work and help each other in the 21 century. In particular, STEAM activities• creative thinking can support children’s skills in: - • teamwork and communication • problem solving • risk taking and experimentation critical thinking ● Most situations and jobs don’t tend creative thinking to rely on just one subject or skill, but ● require various areas of knowledge teamwork and comandm perspectives.unication STEAM celebrates ● the coming together of these different disciplines to find new ways ● problem solving of doing things. ● risk taking and exp e r i m e n t a t i o n STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers MosSolvingt situations and jobproblemss don’t tend to rely on just one subject or skill, but require various areas of knoForwledg example,e and architects perspectiv usees. 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In every case STEAM the inventor uses the work of others” Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans impossible, until technology caught up, such as CAD for KS2/KS3 Teachers Dame Zaha Hadid made buildings known for their Dame Zaha Hadid made buildings knownfuturis fortic their designs, with dramatic curves and shapes. futuristic designs, with dramatic curves andFor year shapes.s, people thought her ideas were impossible, until technology caught up, such as CAD For years, people thought her ideas were impossible, until technology caught up, such as CAD Most situations and jobs don’t tend to rely on just one subject or skill, but require various areas of knowledge and perspectives. STEAM celebrates the coming together of these different disciplines to find new ways of doing things. Solving problems For example, architects use their imagination and visual skills as well as their understanding of maths, science and engineering to create new structures and buildings. STEAM education can help to inspire the designers and inventors of the future!

Sunderland Bridge under Construction, 1795, unknown artist Inspiring People

Our interests, like subjects, don’t always fit into neat boxes - we aren’t necessarily scientists or artists, writers or mathematicians, engineers or musicians.

Albert Einstein, for example, was a violinist as well as a scientist. He often used patterns he saw in music to help his scientific ideas. “The greatest scientists are artists as well. Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere”.

Leonardo da Vinci, famously, wasn’t just a painter. Amongst other things, he was a writer, engineer, sculptor, inventor, botanist, mathematician and vegetarian. His sketchbooks show his designs for inventions that could only be realised hundreds of years later, such as the first parachute, helicopter and hang glider. “Study the science of art. Study the art of science. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” Drawing of a Flying Machine, 1485

Sir Joseph Swan, the Sunderland-born inventor and creator of the first incandescent lightbulb, was also a Dame Zaha Hadid made buildings known for photography pioneer, as well as a chemist and a their futuristic designs, with dramatic curves and businessman. “There Thanks to himare we can – literally - see our shapes. world in a new way. 360°, so why “An inventor is an opportunist. In every case For years, people thought her ideas were the isticknventor u toses thone?”e work of others” impossible, until technology caught up, such as CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CAM

Dame Zaha Hadid made buildings known for their (Computer Aided Manufacturing). futuristic designs, with dramatic curves and shapes. For years, people thought her ideas were impossible, until technology caught up, such as CAD Nordpark Cable Railway, Austria, 2005

Teacher Notes - Introduction to Building

Building Bridges These teachers notes and related lesson plans explore the theme of bridges - their different designs, functions and technologies. They celebrate some of the engineering miracles that are part of Sunderland’s citycape and identity, from to the Northern Spire. Pupils are also asked to explore what bridges might look like and be made from in the future, by taking part in a bridge building challenge! The Teachers’ Notes provide contextual information, guidance on the lesson plans, and links to other sources. The Lesson Plans take the form of editable PowerPoints with slide notes and embedded links, (such as film clips), ready to download, adapt if needed and use.

They can be used to support: • individual lesson plans to dip in and out of as needed. • whole day activities as part of a Design Week, Arts Week, STEAM or STEM event. • a scheme of work, introducing pupils to the story of this life-changing invention. • assemblies on themes such as STEAM careers, local landmarks or local connections.

Learning Objectives: • To understand the importance of bridge building in connecting people and places, and how it has changed how people live, work and travel. • To understand the key principles of bridge design – function, forces and strength. • To explore what kind of bridges and bridge designs we will need in the future, through hands-on, experimental activities.

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers Curriculum Links: • Science: weight, forces, gravity, materials, connecting scientific ideas with practical activities • Art & Design: visualising and developing ideas, drawing, exploring work of other designers • D & T: materials, design process, new technologies, engineering, responding to a brief • Geography: trade, transport and communications • Maths: Problem solving, shapes, geometry. • History: local and social history, . • Literacy: expressing ideas, speaking and listening.

Skills: • Teamwork, communication • Problem solving, creative thinking, adapting ideas. • Visualisation, experimentation.

Teachers Notes - Building Bridges - Contextual Information An introduction to the Lesson Plans Bridges are a major part of Sunderland’s identity and culture, many of which are famous landmarks - both old and new. This is hardly surprising as the is positioned on the mouth of the , and has a remarkable history of construction, ship building and engineering - not to mention coalmining and glass making. The bridges are both a reflection and a reminder of this. These notes give some context and background information about bridge building in Sunderland to support the following lesson plans:

• An Introduction to Building Bridges. This lesson plan focuses on why we need bridges, who uses them, what materials they are made from, the main types of bridges, and how they work (forces). It also gives pupils some quick bridge building challenges using just paper, teamwork and their imagination. It introduces the general theme of bridges, with local and international examples. • Design a Bridge for the Future! This lesson plan is much more practical and hands-on, inviting pupils to work in groups to create a future bridge for Sunderland. They have to consider materials (including how sustainable it will be), its aesthetics (how it looks), its function (who is it for, where will it be, what does it need to do) and its strength. Pupils are invited to work in small teams and go through the kind of design process designers and architects would use in real life when working on a civil engineering project, such as designing a new bridge. Whilst the inspiration comes from Sunderland’s bridges, the same approaches could be used for other towns, cities and countries.

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers Sunderland Harbour 1899, by Louis Hubbard Grimshaw (1870-1944) Sunderland Museum & Winter Gardens

Sunderland Harbour 1899, by Louis Hubbard Grimshaw (1870-1944) Sunderland Museum & Winter Gardens Sunderland’sSunderland’s Bridges Bridges SunderlandSunderland Bridge, 1795 Bridge, 1795 This painting, which is in Sunderland Museum & Winter Gardens, shows Sunderland’s earliest ThismajorSunderland bridgpainting,e. ItHarbour is in fact whichthe1899, firs tb vyer Louis sionis inof Hubbar wha Sunderlandt wed no Grimshaw know asw W(1870-1944) earmouthMuseum Bridge. & Winter Gardens, shows The image shows the bridge being built in 1795, with enormous wooden scaffolding rising up Sunderland’sSunderland Museum earliest & Winter Garmajordens bridge. It is in fact the first version of what we now know outSu nofd theer lrivanerd, in’s or Bderrid tgo ehelps workers build the arch. We can see materials being winched asup wWearmouthards from each side, and Bridge. gaps left for ships to be able to continue travelling and trading. Sunderland Bridge, 1795 TheThis painimageting, which shows is in Sunderland the bridge Museum being & Wint erbuiltGardens, in sho1795,ws Sunderland’ with enormouss earliest wooden scaffolding risingmajor bridg upe. out It is in of fact the the firriver,st version in oforder what w toe no helpw know workers as Wearmouth build Bridg e.the arch. We can see materialsThe image sho beingws the bridg winchede being built upwards in 1795, with fromenormous each wooden side, scaff oldingand risinggaps up left for ships to be able toout continue of the river, in travelling order to help wandorker strading. build the ar ch. We can see materials being winched upwards from each side, and gaps left for ships to be able to continue travelling and trading.

When completed, Sunderland Bridge was extremely famous. This is because it was the second cast iron bridge to be built in all of England, after the Ironbridge in Staffordshire, when iron was still new, modern and surprising. It was built by Rowland who was a local industrialist,

Sunderland Bridge under Construction, 1795, unknown artist. Photo: Sunderland Museum & Winter Gardens

When completed, Sunderland Bridge was extremely famous. This is because it wasWhen the comple secondted, Sunderland cast Bridgirone wbridgeas extremely to famous.be builtThis isin bec allause of it England,was the second after the Ironbridge incas Staffordshire,t iron bridge to be built when in all of iron England, was aft erstillthe Irnew,onbridg moderne in Staffordshir ande, when surprising. iron was It was built by still new, modern and surprising. It was built by Rowland Burdon who was a local industrialist, Rowland Burdon who was a local industrialist, who bought and adapted sections of a bridge from an iron company in Rotherham, which werewho bough originallyt and adap meantted sections to go toof a bridge from an iron company in Rotherham, which were America. It was designed by engineer Thomas Paine. originally meant to go to America. It was designed by engineer Thomas Paine.

Sunderland Bridge was also twice as wide. In fact, Sunderland Bridge was also twice as wide. In fact, at the time, it was the biggest single-span bridge at the time, it was the biggest single-span bridge in the whole world! Sunderland Bridge was 250 in the whole world! Sunderland Bridge was 250 feet wide – wider than the Angel of the North! feet wide – wider than the Angel of the North!

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers

Connecting Communities

Sunderland Bridge was built to link on the north of the River Wear, with and the port of Sunderland on the south. When the bridge opened it was a huge occasion because it linked communities on both sides of the River Wear together. Before the bridge, people had to take a ferry.

Sunderland Bridge / Old Wearmouth Bridge, 19th century

The image above shows the bridge as it was in the 19th century. The original structure had undergone some changes, by railway engineer Robert Stephenson, son of , who was from . The abutments have been made higher, so the arch looks lower and flatter. The bridge still looks like an engineering miracle, and also a true connector of people and industry - it is bustling with pedestrians, the river is full of ships, with the railway bridge behind.

Wearmouth Bridge, opened 1929 who bought and adapted sections of a bridge from an iron company in Rotherham, which were originally meant to go to America. It was designed by engineer Thomas Paine.

Sunderland Bridge was also twice as wide. In fact, at the time, it was the biggest single-span bridge in the whole world! Sunderland Bridge was 250 feet wide – wider than the Angel of the North!

Connecting Communities

Sunderland Bridge was built to link Monkwearmouth on the north of the River Wear, with Bishopwearmouth and the port of Sunderland on the south. When the bridge opened it was a huge occasion because it linked communities on both sides of the River Wear together. Before the bridge, people had to take a Connectingferry. Communities Sunderland Bridge was built to link Monkwearmouth on the north of the River Wear, with Bishopwearmouth and the port of Sunderland on the south. When the bridge opened it was a huge occasion because it linked communities on both sides of the River Wear together. Before the bridge, people had to take a ferry. Sunderland Bridge / Old Wearmouth Bridge, 19th century Sunderland Bridge / Old Wearmouth Bridge, 19th century

The imag imagee abo aboveve sho wshowss the bridg thee bridge as it was as in it the was19 tinh cen thetur 19thy. The century. original s tructurThe originale had structure hadunder undergonegone some chang somees, changes,by railway engineer by railway Robert engineerStephenson, Robert son Stephenson,of George Stephenson, son of George Stephenson, who was from Tyneside. The abutments have been made higher, so the who was from Tyneside. The abutments have been made higher, so the arch looks lower and arch looks lower and flatter. The bridge still looks like an engineering miracle, and also a flatter. The bridge still looks like an engineering miracle, and also a true connector of people and true connector of people and industry - it is bustling with pedestrians, the river is full of ships,industr ywith - it is the bus tlingrailway with bridgepedestrians, behind. the riv er is full of ships, with the railway bridge behind.

Wearmouth Bridge, opened 1929 Wearmouth Bridge, opened 1929

This is the version that still stands today. Like the original bridge, it has a through arch design and is made of iron. It was built in 1928-9 by Sir William Arrol and Company Ltd, and designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson. Until 1954 it still carried trams. Wearmouth Bridge links Monkwearmouth with the main shopping centre, and carries four lanes of traffic. It still has the railway bridge – Monkwearmouth Railway Bridge, built in 1879, behind. It is the final bridge before the River Wear meets the North Sea.

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers This is the version that still stands today. Like the original bridge, it has a through arch design and is made of iron. It was built in 1928-9 by Sir William Arrol and Company Ltd, and designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson. Until 1954 it still carried trams.

Wearmouth Bridge links Monkwearmouth with the main shopping centre, and carries four lanes of traffic. It still hasThis the is r ailwthe vaerysion bridg thaet –still Monkw stands earmouthtoday. Like theRailw originalay Bridg bridge,e, itbuilt has ainthr 1879,ough behind.arch design and is made of iron. It was built in 1928-9 by Sir William Arrol and Company Ltd, and designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson. Until 1954 it still carried trams. It is the final bridge before the River Wear meets the North Sea. Wearmouth Bridge links Monkwearmouth with the main shopping centre, and carries four lanes of traffic. It still has the railway bridge – Monkwearmouth Railway Bridge, built in 1879, behind.

It is the final bridge before the River Wear meets the North Sea. VictVictoriaoria Viaduct, Viaduct, 1838 1838 KKnownnown originally originally as Vict asoria Victoria bridge, bridge, it was named it was , 1838 anamedfter Queen after Vict Queenoria’s cor Victoria’sonation bec coronationause it was cbecauseompleted iton was the samecompleted day. It w ason built the f orsame trains day. andIt was pedes builttriansKno forwn as trainsoriginally part of and theas Vict Durhampedestriansoria bridg Junctione, it w asas named part after ’s coronation because it was Railwof theay. DurhamIt is built fr Junctionom local sands Railway.tone, basedIt is built on a from localc omplesandstone,ted on the based same da yon. It w aas Roman built for tr ains Roman arch anddesign. pedes Whentrians as fir partst er ofect theed, Durham it was Junction one arch design. When first erected, it was one of of the largesRailwt stoneay. Itar isch built bridg fromes loc inal Eur sandsope.tone, based on a the largestRoman stone arch arch design. bridges When fir sint er Europe.ected, it was one ItIt s stoppedtopped takingof taking the passenglarges passengerst stoneers arinch the bridg 1960s ines the in Eurand 1960sope. sandtopped stopped taking fr takingeight tr ainsfreight in 1991 trains when in it 1991 when it closed.It stopped taking passengers in the 1960s and closed. stopped taking freight trains in 1991 when it closed. , 1909 Queen AlexandraQueen Bridge,Alexandra Bridg 1909e, 1909 This is a huge bridge made of steel with three This is a huge bridgeThis is a madehuge bridg ofe steelmade of with steel withthree thr ee tiertierss and and a trussa truss design,tier design,s and built a truss fbuiltor thedesign, for Northern thebuilt fNorthernor the Northern EEasternastern Railw Railwayay CompanE Companyasterny Railwto traansporty to Compan transport cyoal to ttroansport coal c oalto to Sunderland from from theSunderland pitsthe in pits Durham. from in theDurham. pits in Durham.

It was also built Itto w asmake also built road to mak linkse road better links be ontter on Iteither was also side built of ttheo mak Wear.e road In link others bet twordser on - it was either side of the Weitherear. In side other of the w Woreards. -In it other was words - it was a double deckera bridge.double deck Iter is bridg nowe. It only is now used only used as aas a aroad, double with deck theer bridg railroad, e.track withIt is thenoremoved.w rail only track used remo asved. a road, with the rail track removed. Northern Spire, 2018 Northern Spir Spire,e, 2018 2018 The Northern Spire is the most recent of Sunderland’s bridges and has become a huge landmark. The Northern SpireIt is the is firthest bridg moste to berecent built for of 40 Sunderland’s years. The bridge isbridges found in the and Wes hast of the become City of a Thehuge Northern landmark. SpireSunderland, isIt theis the mos firstctonnecting recen bridget of Cas Sunderland’tle totown be to thebuilts bridg north fores and 40andP allionyears. has inbec theTheome south. bridge a hugIt wase is landmark.built found to relie inve Itthe is the West firs tof bridg thee cCitytongo bees oftionbuilt Sunderland, and for c onnect40 year boths. connectingThe partsbridg of thee iscity f ound.Castletown The name in the was W decidedestot theof the b ynorth an City online of and and postal Sunderland,in the south. connecting It waspoll. built Castle toto wnrelieve to the congestion north and Pallion and inconnect the south. both It w asparts built ofto therelie vcity.e cTheong esnametion and was connect decided both by parts an of online the city and. The postalname wpoll.as decided by an online and postal poll. It is a cable-stayed bridge, with a pylon over 100 meters high! This is taller than Big Ben and It is a cable-stayedtwice bridge, as high as with the Millennium a pylon Bridg overe, Ga 100teshead. meters high! This is taller than Big Ben and twice as high as the Millennium Bridge, . It is a cable-stayed bridge, with a pylon over 100 meters high! This is taller than Big Ben and twice as high as the Millennium Bridge, Gateshead.

Northern Spire Big Ben clock tower Millennium Bridge 105m 96m 50m

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers What next? WhaTheret next? are plans for a new £31m footbridge connecting the north and south of the city, Therbetweene are plans f orthe a ne wStadium £31m footbridg ofe c onnectingLight, theSunderland’ north and south of footballthe city, betw eenstadium, and the new Riverside theDevelopment, Stadium of Light, Sunderland’ as part football of s tadium,a regenerationand the new Riverside scheme. Developmen Itt, as is part hoped that it will be completed of a regeneration scheme. It is hoped that it will be completed by 2023 if all goes to plan. As withby the2023 Northern if allSpir egoes design, theto design plan. will Asbe decided with b ythe a compe Northerntition. Spire design, the design will be decided by a competition.

Artist’s impression,

It would be wonderful to see what kind of designs your pupils come up with for a future bridge designIt would for Sunderland. be wonderful Please do feel free to to sharseee them what with uskind on X? of designs your pupils come up with for a future bridge design for Sunderland. Please do feel free to share them with us on X?

Useful links

www.littleinventors.org

www.jamesdysonfoundation.co.uk

www.steamco.org.uk

Useful links www.littleinventors.org www.jamesdysonfoundation.co.uk www.steamco.org.uk

STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers Want to know more about the artist that designed this resource? Contact us and we’ll happily introduce you! www. sunderlandculture.org.uk [email protected] @sunderlandculture @SundCulture @sunderlandculture