Hemp Processing and Analysis: Extraction, Refining, and Testing for Consumer Potency and Safety
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Cannabis (Sub)Culture, the Subcultural Repository, and Networked Mediation
SIMULATED SESSIONS: CANNABIS (SUB)CULTURE, THE SUBCULTURAL REPOSITORY, AND NETWORKED MEDIATION Nathan J. Micinski A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2014 Committee: Ellen Berry, Advisor Rob Sloane © 2014 Nathan Micinski All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Ellen Berry, Advisor Subcultural theory is traditionally rooted in notions of social deviance or resistance. The criteria for determining who or what qualifies as subcultures, and the most effective ways to study them, are based on these assumptions. This project seeks to address these traditional modes of studying subcultures and discover ways in which their modification may lead to new understandings and ways of studying subcultures in the contemporary moment. This will be done by suggesting a change in the criteria of examining subcultures from that of deviance or resistance to identification with a collection of images, symbols, rituals, and narratives. The importance of this distinction is the ability to utilize the insights that studying subcultures can offer while avoiding the faults inherent in speaking for or at a subculture rather than with or from it. Beyond addressing theoretical concerns, this thesis aims to apply notions of subcultural theory to study the online community of Reddit, in particular, a subset known as r/trees–a virtual repository for those images, symbols, rituals, and narratives of cannabis subculture. R/trees illustrates the life and vibrancy of a unique subcultural entity, which to this point has evaded a cultural studies analysis. To that end, this project advocates for the importance of the cultural studies approach to analyzing cannabis subculture and further, to insert the findings of this study into that gap in the literature. -
Guide to Worker Safety and Health in the Marijuana Industry Marijuana Occupational Health and Safety Work Group January 2017
Guide to Worker Safety and Health in the Marijuana Industry Marijuana Occupational Health and Safety Work Group January 2017 colorado.gov/cdphe/marijuana-occupational-safety-health Guide to Worker Safety and Health in the Marijuana Industry: 2017 About this guide This guide is intended to help assist employers in the marijuana industry build occupational safety and health programs. While the foundation of this guide includes existing Colorado state and federal regulations, it is not a comprehensive guide to all of the regulations pertaining to occupational safety and health. It should be noted that this guide does not present any new occupational safety and health regulations for the marijuana industry. Marijuana cultivators, extractors, labs and retailers are required to adhere to all regulations established by the Colorado Department of Revenue’s Marijuana Enforcement Division (MED) https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/enforcement/laws-constitution-statutes-and-regulations-marijuana- enforcement. The marijuana industry in Colorado falls under federal OSHA jurisdiction and businesses must comply with OSHA regulations and recordkeeping requirements. In addition to OSHA regulations, marijuana businesses are required to comply with other state regulations including Colorado labor laws, Colorado workers’ compensation laws, Colorado hazardous waste laws, Colorado Pesticide Applicator’s Act, local fire codes, and other regulations that are specific to employment and labor as well as the production of retail and medical marijuana. Guide to Worker Safety and Health in the Marijuana Industry: 2017 About the Colorado Marijuana Occupational Health and Safety Work Group The Colorado Marijuana Occupational Health and Safety Work Group is a multidisciplinary group that was convened to draw on expertise and experiences of many professionals in the Colorado community. -
HPLC Application Note Cannabinoids
HPLC Application Note Cannabinoids Preparative Purification of Results and Discussion Cannabidiol from Hemp Oil Extract Triart C18 was chosen for its overall durability Jeffrey A. Kakaley, YMC America Inc. and scalability to larger preparative size particles. Water and ethanol were chosen as the mobile phase This application note details a loading study for solvents due to the well-understood human toxicity of purifying cannabidiol (CBD) from a commercially ethanol, making it a better choice as compared to available “high-CBD” hemp oil extract. traditional LC solvents such as methanol or acetonitrile. A number of different isocratic conditions were Background evaluated before settling on the 25:75 water:ethanol As new research is performed to evaluate the configuration which gave the best compromise medicinal properties of cannabis, the need to purify between resolution and overall runtime. The initial individual cannabinoids has increased dramatically. method was worked out on a 250x4.6mm, 5µm Triart Products currently on the market are typically impure C18 column and then scaled to a 250x4.6mm, 10µm extracts that contain a mixture of many different Triart C18 column to perform the loading study. cannabinoid compounds. This application note Loadings of 10, 40, 80, and 100µL of neat hemp oil investigates the use of HPLC and YMC’s Triart C18 were run to determine the highest sample load that stationary phase to purify CBD from a hemp oil could be placed on the column. Examples can be seen extract. in Figures 1 and 2 below, with the CBD fraction highlighted in orange: Sample Preparation Figure 1: 10µL Hemp Oil on 5µm Triart C18 Injections of the hemp oil extract were made using the neat oil with no dilution. -
(A-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time
32 Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2012, 5, 32-40 Increasing Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fidelia Cascini*,1, Carola Aiello2 and GianLuca Di Tanna3 1Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Roma, Italy 2Department of Informatics and Systemics, University ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy 3Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy Abstract: Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the data regarding changes in herbal cannabis potency over time (from 1970 to 2009). Methods: Systematic searches of 17 electronic scientific databases identified studies on this topic, within which 21 case series studies satisfied our inclusion criteria of reporting the mean tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) value per number of samples per year. No language, publication date, publication type or status restrictions were imposed. The study selection and data extraction processes were performed independently but uniformly by two authors, included screening, determination of eligibility and inclusion of the eligible studies in the systematic review, and a meta-analysis of the results on THC content in herbal cannabis samples. We considered papers and not monographic scientific publications, rejecting all studies that were not focused on the subject of this review. Results: Meta-analysis by year was performed on 21 studies containing 75 total mean THC observations from 1979 to 2009 using the random effects model. The results revealed much variability between studies. Further, there was a significant correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis. The combined data indicated the correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis, revealing a temporal trend of increasing potency (5% above the mean THC value in the Poisson regression analysis). -
Marijuana: What the Evidence Shows at It Relates to the Impact of Use and What Can Be Learned from Washington State and Colorado.”
Kevin A. Sabet, Ph.D. Director, University of Florida Drug Policy Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Addiction Medicine Director, Project SAM (Smart Approaches to Marijuana) Author, Reefer Sanity: Seven Great Myths About Marijuana Before the House and Senate Judiciary Committees, State of Oregon January 17, 2013 Written Testimony “Marijuana: What the evidence shows at it relates to the impact of use and what can be learned from Washington State and Colorado.” Chairman and distinguished members of the Committee, thank you for providing me with the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss marijuana policy and appropriate federal responses. I have studied, researched, and written about drug policy, drug markets, drug prevention, drug treatment, criminal justice policy, addiction, and public policy analysis for almost 18 years. Most recently, from 2009-2011, I served in the Obama Administration as a senior drug policy advisor. I am currently the co-founder, with former Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy, of Project SAM (Smart Approaches to Marijuana). I am also the author of Reefer Sanity: Seven Great Myths About Marijuana (Beaufort). In fact, in my new book, I outline the precise reasons why we in the Obama Administration rejected legalization time and time again when presented with it. Our experience, when talking with parents, prevention and treatment providers, medical associations, law enforcement, and others, was that opening up a legal market for any current illicit drug would be disastrous for public health and safety. Indeed, in the Obama Administration’s inaugural and subsequent drug control strategies, marijuana legalization is explicitly rejected. That is why numerous groups and I found the recent guidance by the U.S. -
The Determination of CBD and General Cannabinoid Content In
No. SSI-HPLC-018 High Performance Liquid Chromatography The Determination of CBD and General Cannabinoid Content in Hemp Oils Using HPLC with UV Detection No. HPLC-018 ■ Introduction Medical marijuana generally possesses high levels of CBD oil is derived as concentrate from CO2 or the therapeutic cannabidiol, CBD, and lower levels butane extraction of hemp, sometimes followed by (generally less than 0.3%) of the psychotropic steam distillation or ethanol distillation for tetrahydrocannabinol, d9-THC. Pain mitigation and purification. The Farm Bill of 2014 distinguishes reduced severity of nausea and seizures are just a hemp from marijuana, yet interpreting the law is few of the therapeutic benefits reported by medical difficult in that “CBD oil” may be classified as cannabis patients. Little has been done to better marijuana. understand the chemistry of benefits from CBD. To complicate matters, there is evidence that a The FDA has issued warning letters to firms that combination of CBD, a host of other minor market unapproved new drugs allegedly contain cannabinoids and a complex array of terpenoids may CBD. As part of these actions, the FDA has be the most beneficial – called the “entourage determined the cannabinoid content of some hemp effect.” CBD-rich oil has become increasingly products and many were found to contain levels of popular and is administered via sublingual drops, gel CBD that are very different from the label claim. It is capsules or as a topical ointment. important to note that such products are not approved by the FDA for the diagnosis, cure, The main source of CBD-rich oil is industrial hemp. -
The Ultimate Guide to CBD Oil
The Ultimate Guide to CBD Oil What is CBD? CBD (cannabidiol) is a cannabinoid – a biologically active cannabis compound that has been proven to have significant health benefits. The cannabis plant is composed of a complex chemical mixture that includes phyto-cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavanoids, steroids and enzymes. Cannabinoids help by modulating many physiological systems in the human brain and body. There are many active cannabinoids that have been identified in cannabis and of these tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are usually present in the highest concentrations and have been studied the most extensively. THC is the psycho-active component, which is used recreationally to give the “high”. CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not make people feel “high or stoned” so that means daily tasks, like driving, taking care of children and working, will not be affected or put at risk by using CBD. There are no dulled senses to inhibit consumers. While this makes CBD is a poor choice for recreational users, it gives a significant advantage as a tonic, since it has minimal side effects. This makes CBD an appealing option for people looking for relief from various conditions such as inflammation, pain, anxiety, psychosis, seizures, spasms, etc -- without feelings of lethargy. CBD rich hemp oil, the essential oil of the hemp plant, has over 480 natural compounds including 100 or so cannabinoids (CBD and THC are two) and over 120 terpenes (part of a plants essential oils which contribute to a plant’s scent, flavour and colour) along with amino acids, proteins, enzymes, ketones, fatty acids, steroids, flavonoids, vitamins and more. -
4Hr Course Outline: Marijuana Update
4HR COURSE OUTLINE: MARIJUANA UPDATE *CONCENTRATED CANNABIS* Goals and Objectives: The course will cover current techniques and trends associated with the manufacturing, packaging and sales of concentrated cannabis. This course will also outline dangers associated with the manufacturing of butane honey oil, as well as the dangers associated with alcohol based solvents used in the extraction process of concentrated cannabis. I. Registration and Orientation. A. Introduction B. Course Objectives II. Hash oil, or concentrated cannabis? A. What is hash oil or concentrated cannabis? B. How is it made? 1. Chemicals used in the extraction 2. Different manufacturing techniques C. Slang terms/names for hash oils III. Why concentrated cannabis? A. THC percentages B. Transportation concerns C. Monetary values 4HR COURSE OUTLINE: MARIJUANA UPDATE *CONCENTRATED CANNABIS* IV. Chemical properties and purity of solvents. A. Impurities in solvents that affect outcomes of extraction 1. Water 2. Fill Chemicals 3. Additives B. Polarity of solvents 1. Polar solvents 2. Non-polar solvents 3. Semi-polar solvents C. Solvents 1. Water 2. Ethyl/ethanol/grain alcohol 3. Isopropyl alcohol 4. Hexane 5. Propane 6. Butane V. Bubble hash and Kief hash A. Bubble hash 1. How it’s manufactured 2. Forms 3. Dollar amounts B. Kief hash 1. How it’s manufactured 2. Forms 3. Dollar amounts 4HR COURSE OUTLINE: MARIJUANA UPDATE *CONCENTRATED CANNABIS* VI. Applicable California law A. California Health and Safety Code 11379.6 B. California Penal Code 452(a) C. California Penal Code 452(b) VII. Butane honey oil extraction A. Butane facts 1. Boiling point 2. Flashpoint 3. Explosive limits of butane 4. -
HOUSE BILL No. 2184
Session of 2021 HOUSE BILL No. 2184 By Committee on Federal and State Affairs 2-1 1 AN ACT concerning health and healthcare; enacting the Kansas medical 2 marijuana regulation act; relating to medical cannabis; licensure and 3 regulation of the manufacture, transportation and sale of medical 4 cannabis; providing certain fines and penalties for violations; amending 5 K.S.A. 44-1009, 44-1015, 65-28b08, 79-5201 and 79-5210 and K.S.A. 6 2020 Supp. 21-5703, 21-5705, 21-5706, 21-5707, 21-5709, 21-5710, 7 23-3201, 38-2269, 44-501, 44-706 and 65-1120 and repealing the 8 existing sections. 9 10 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: 11 New Section 1. The provisions of sections 1 through 46, and 12 amendments thereto, shall be known and may be cited as the Kansas 13 medical marijuana regulation act. 14 New Sec. 2. As used in the Kansas medical marijuana regulation act, 15 section 1 et seq., and amendments thereto: 16 (a) "Academic medical center" means a medical school and its 17 affiliated teaching hospitals and clinics. 18 (b) "Associated employee" means an owner or prospective owner, 19 officer or board member or prospective board member of an entity seeking 20 a retail dispensary license. 21 (c) "Board of healing arts" means the state board of healing arts. 22 (d) "Caregiver" means an individual registered pursuant to section 8, 23 and amendments thereto, who may purchase and possess medical 24 marijuana in accordance with section 11, and amendments thereto. -
CBD) Information About CBD in Cannabis and Hemp Products Under the New Cannabis Act
ALL ABOUT CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Information about CBD in cannabis and hemp products under the new Cannabis Act WHAT IS CBD? The cannabis plant contains hundreds of different chemical constituents, such as cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids. Currently, over 100 chemical substances collectively known as cannabinoids have been identified. Cannabinoids that are derived from cannabis plants are sometimes referred to as phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of these cannabinoids. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the most well-known cannabinoid in cannabis, responsible for the high or intoxication of consuming cannabis - CBD does not produce a high or intoxicating effect. However, there is some evidence that CBD may influence some of the effects that THC has on the brain. CBD is also being studied for its possible therapeutic uses; it has received market approval in the United States for two severe forms of epilepsy. CBD can be found in varieties of the cannabis plant, including hemp plants. All phytocannabinoids, whether derived from a cannabis plant or produced by synthesis, including both THC and CBD, are regulated under the new Cannabis Act and its regulations, which came into force on October 17, 2018. HOW IS CBD REGULATED IN CANADA? Under the Cannabis Act, many activities with phytocannabinoids, CBD included, remain prohibited, except for the specific cases authorized by the Act and its regulations, which include strict controls on possession, production, sale, and distribution. While Health Canada oversees the production of cannabis products, the provinces and territories oversee the distribution and retail aspects of the cannabis supply chain. Health Canada remains responsible for overseeing the distribution and sale of cannabis and any CBD-containing cannabis products for medical purposes. -
Quarterly Report Potency Monitoring Project Report
QUARTERLY REPORT POTENCY MONITORING PROJECT REPORT 104 December 16, 2008 thru March 15, 2009 National Institute on Drug Abuse Contract Number: NOJDA-5-7746 02 /lltf~ Mabm't:. EISobJ;,II:D: Director NIDA Marijuana Project National Center for Natural Products Research a Division of the Resean:b Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences The School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi University, Mississippi 38677 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 3 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 Table 1. Prevalence of High Potency Marijuana (1989-Present) Between December 16, 2008 to March 15, 2009 ................................................ 7 Table 2. Non-normalized Cannabinoid Averages of Illicit Cannabis Samples by Year Seized ...................................................................................................... 8 Table 3. Comparison of Non-normalized 9-THC Concentration in Different Forms by year Confiscated, 1985-2008 .............................................................. 10 Table 4. Non-normalized 9-THC Averages of Illicit Cannabis Samples Analyzed through March 15, 2009(PM vs. ST) ................................................. 11 Table 5. Domestic -
Hemp Cbd Scorecard an Evaluation of Hemp Cbd Producers
HEMP CBD SCORECARD AN EVALUATION OF HEMP CBD PRODUCERS SEPTEMBER 2019 www.centerforfoodsafety.org CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY (CFS) is a national non-profit public interest and environmental advocacy organization working to empower people, support farmers, and protect the earth from the harmful impacts of industrial agriculture. We inform and engage our nearly one million members and the general public about food and personal care products so that they can make fully-informed decisions in the marketplace. Project Manager and Editor: REBECCA SPECTOR Writers: KELSEY KRUGER, ANNA SCIARUTO Researchers: KELSEY KRUGER, JULIA RANNEY, ANNA SCIARUTO Design: DANIELA SKLAN | HUMMINGBIRD DESIGN STUDIO Published in partnership with the Center for Cannabis Safety. CENTER FOR CA NNABIS SAFE TY www.centerforcannabissafety.org CFS evaluated 40 companies that sell hemp CBD products to compare product policies and practices. Nearly half of the companies received a failing or near failing EXECUTIVE SUMMARY grade (“D” or “F”). ENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY ’S (CFS) “Hemp CBD Scorecard” evaluates many of Cthe top hemp CBD producers on their production and processing methods, testing Only 4 companies protocols, and transparency to consumers. received an “A.” There has been a rapidly growing interest in oils, tinctures, capsules, body lotions, and other personal care products containing cannabidiol, better known as CBD, derived from hemp. These products are popular because of their multiple uses, including potential healing properties and their ability to calm both humans and pets. CBD is one of the naturally occurring, non-psychoactive cannabinoids found in cannabis plants, specifically within the hemp plant. 1 This product has become infamous for its purported ability to help reduce pain and anxiety, leading to a huge growth in the market for products containing CBD.