Glossary of Pesticide Chemicals
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Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects
EN58CH06-Casida ARI 5 December 2012 8:11 Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects John E. Casida1,∗ and Kathleen A. Durkin2 1Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 2Molecular Graphics and Computational Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013. 58:99–117 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at acetylcholinesterase, calcium channels, GABAA receptor, nicotinic ento.annualreviews.org receptor, secondary targets, sodium channel This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Neuroactive insecticides are the principal means of protecting crops, people, All rights reserved livestock, and pets from pest insect attack and disease transmission. Cur- ∗ Corresponding author rently, the four major nerve targets are acetylcholinesterase for organophos- phates and methylcarbamates, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for neonicotinoids, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor/chloride channel for by Public Health Information Access Project on 04/29/14. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013.58:99-117. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org polychlorocyclohexanes and fiproles, and the voltage-gated sodium channel for pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Species selectivity and acquired resistance are attributable in part to structural differences in binding subsites, receptor subunit interfaces, or transmembrane regions. Additional targets are sites in the sodium channel (indoxacarb and metaflumizone), the glutamate-gated chloride channel (avermectins), the octopamine receptor (amitraz metabolite), and the calcium-activated calcium channel (diamides). Secondary toxic effects in mammals from off-target serine hydrolase inhibi- tion include organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy and disruption of the cannabinoid system. -
AIKO ADAMSON Properties of Amine-Boranes and Phosphorus
DISSERTATIONES CHIMICAE AIKO ADAMSON AIKO UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 138 Properties of amine-boranes and phosphorus analogues in the gas phase Properties AIKO ADAMSON Properties of amine-boranes and phosphorus analogues in the gas phase Tartu 2014 ISSN 1406-0299 ISBN 978-9949-32-627-3 DISSERTATIONES CHIMICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 138 DISSERTATIONES CHIMICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 138 AIKO ADAMSON Properties of amine-boranes and phosphorus analogues in the gas phase Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu. Dissertation is accepted for the commencement of the Degree of Doctor philo- sophiae in Chemistry on June 18, 2014 by the Doctoral Committee of the Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu. Supervisor: prof. Peeter Burk (PhD, chemistry), Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia Opponent: prof. Holger Bettinger (PhD), University Tuebingen, Germany Commencement: August 22, 2014 at 10:00, Ravila 14a, room 1021 This work has been partially supported by Graduate School „Functional materials and technologies” receiving funding from the European Social Fund under project 1.2.0401.09-0079 in University of Tartu, Estonia. Publication of this dissertation is granted by University of Tartu ISSN 1406-0299 ISBN 978-9949-32-627-3 (print) ISBN 978-9949-32-628-0 (pdf) Copyright: Aiko Adamson, 2014 University of Tartu Press www.tyk.ee CONTENTS LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ....................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... -
Appendix H EPA Hazardous Waste Law
Appendix H EPA Hazardous Waste Law This Appendix is intended to give you background information on hazardous waste laws and how they apply to you. For most U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements that apply to the University, the Safety Department maintains compliance through internal inspections, record keeping and proper disposal. In Wisconsin, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has adopted the EPA regulations, consequently EPA and DNR regulations are nearly identical. EPA defines This Appendix only deals with "hazardous waste" as defined by the EPA. hazardous waste as Legally, EPA defines hazardous waste as certain hazardous chemical waste. This hazardous chemical Appendix does not address other types of regulated laboratory wastes, such as waste; radioactive, infectious, biological, radioactive or sharps. Chapter 8 descibes disposal procedures infectious and biohazardous waste for animals. Chapter 9 describes disposal procedures for sharps and other waste that are regulated by can puncture tissue. Chapter 11 discusses Radiation and the Radiation Safety for other agencies. Radiation Workers provides guidelines for the disposal of radioactive waste. Procedures for medical waste are written by the UW Hospital Safety Officer. The Office of Biological Safety can provide guidance for the disposal of infectious and biological waste. EPA regulations focus on industrial waste streams. As a result, many laboratory chemical wastes are not regulated by EPA as hazardous chemical waste. However, many unregulated chemical wastes do merit special handling and disposal If a waste can be procedures. Thus, Chapter 7 and Appendix A of this Guide recommend disposal defined as: procedures for many unregulated wastes as if they were EPA hazardous waste. -
12.2% 116000 125M Top 1% 154 4200
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,200 116,000 125M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 14 Evolution and Expectations of Enzymatic Biosensors for Pesticides Rafael Vargas-Bernal, Esmeralda Rodríguez-Miranda and Gabriel Herrera-Pérez Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/46227 1. Introduction The successful use of pesticides around the world has been due to their excellent control of pests such as insects, algaes, bacterias, viruses, rodents, or nematodes in agriculture, medicine, household, and industry. Since 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic pollutants are pesticides, therefore their qualitative and/or quantitative detection continue being one of the most strategic technological areas, given that these can be found in substances in contact with humans and other animals. The effects associated with their consumption and control, are related to human health and environmental toxicity. One of the most important contributions of the environmental chemistry is the control of pesticide residues and metabolites in food, water and soil; where plants, animal and human contacts are possible. Several methods to detect pesticides have been developed, chromatographic methods such as gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which are coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). -
Enzymatic Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents by EC: 3.1.8.2
catalysts Review Enzymatic Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents by EC: 3.1.8.2 Marek Matula 1, Tomas Kucera 1 , Ondrej Soukup 1,2 and Jaroslav Pejchal 1,* 1 Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (O.S.) 2 Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolovska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: The organophosphorus substances, including pesticides and nerve agents (NAs), represent highly toxic compounds. Standard decontamination procedures place a heavy burden on the environment. Given their continued utilization or existence, considerable efforts are being made to develop environmentally friendly methods of decontamination and medical countermeasures against their intoxication. Enzymes can offer both environmental and medical applications. One of the most promising enzymes cleaving organophosphorus compounds is the enzyme with enzyme commission number (EC): 3.1.8.2, called diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) or organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Loligo Vulgaris or Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, respectively. Structure, mechanisms of action and substrate profiles are described for both enzymes. Wild-type (WT) enzymes have a catalytic activity against organophosphorus compounds, including G-type nerve agents. Their stereochemical preference aims their activity towards less toxic enantiomers of the chiral phosphorus center found in most chemical warfare agents. Site-direct mutagenesis has systematically improved the active site of the enzyme. These efforts have resulted in the improvement of catalytic activity and have led to the identification of variants that are more effective at detoxifying both G-type and V-type nerve agents. -
Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Organophophorus insecticides: a general introduction (EHC 63, 1986) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1986 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination -
Combined Pre-And Posttreatment of Paraoxon Exposure
molecules Article Combined Pre- and Posttreatment of Paraoxon Exposure Dietrich E Lorke 1,2,* , Syed M Nurulain 3 , Mohamed Y Hasan 4, Kamil Kuˇca 5 and Georg A Petroianu 2,6 1 Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P O Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 2 Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Florida International University, University Park GL 495, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA; [email protected] 3 Bio Science Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Bio Sciences Block, CUI, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62/26, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] 6 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P O Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +971-2-501-8381 Academic Editors: Pascal Houzé and Frédéric J. Baud Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 25 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: Aims: Organophosphates (OPCs), useful agents as pesticides, also represent a serious health hazard. Standard therapy with atropine and established oxime-type enzyme reactivators is unsatisfactory. Experimental data indicate that superior therapeutic results can be obtained when reversible cholinesterase inhibitors are administered before OPC exposure. Comparing the protective efficacy of five such cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine, pyridostigmine, ranitidine, tacrine, or K-27), we observed best protection for the experimental oxime K-27. -
High Hazard Chemical Policy
Environmental Health & Safety Policy Manual Issue Date: 2/23/2011 Policy # EHS-200.09 High Hazard Chemical Policy 1.0 PURPOSE: To minimize hazardous exposures to high hazard chemicals which include select carcinogens, reproductive/developmental toxins, chemicals that have a high degree of toxicity. 2.0 SCOPE: The procedures provide guidance to all LSUHSC personnel who work with high hazard chemicals. 3.0 REPONSIBILITIES: 3.1 Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) shall: • Provide technical assistance with the proper handling and safe disposal of high hazard chemicals. • Maintain a list of high hazard chemicals used at LSUHSC, see Appendix A. • Conduct exposure assessments and evaluate exposure control measures as necessary. Maintain employee exposure records. • Provide emergency response for chemical spills. 3.2 Principle Investigator (PI) /Supervisor shall: • Develop and implement a laboratory specific standard operation plan for high hazard chemical use per OSHA 29CFR 1910.1450 (e)(3)(i); Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories. • Notify EH&S of the addition of a high hazard chemical not previously used in the laboratory. • Ensure personnel are trained on specific chemical hazards present in the lab. • Maintain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals, either on the computer hard drive or in hard copy. • Coordinate the provision of medical examinations, exposure monitoring and recordkeeping as required. 3.3 Employees: • Complete all necessary training before performing any work. • Observe all safety -
Analytical Reference Standards
Cerilliant Quality ISO GUIDE 34 ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 90 01:2 00 8 GM P/ GL P Analytical Reference Standards 2 011 Analytical Reference Standards 20 811 PALOMA DRIVE, SUITE A, ROUND ROCK, TEXAS 78665, USA 11 PHONE 800/848-7837 | 512/238-9974 | FAX 800/654-1458 | 512/238-9129 | www.cerilliant.com company overview about cerilliant Cerilliant is an ISO Guide 34 and ISO 17025 accredited company dedicated to producing and providing high quality Certified Reference Standards and Certified Spiking SolutionsTM. We serve a diverse group of customers including private and public laboratories, research institutes, instrument manufacturers and pharmaceutical concerns – organizations that require materials of the highest quality, whether they’re conducing clinical or forensic testing, environmental analysis, pharmaceutical research, or developing new testing equipment. But we do more than just conduct science on their behalf. We make science smarter. Our team of experts includes numerous PhDs and advance-degreed specialists in science, manufacturing, and quality control, all of whom have a passion for the work they do, thrive in our collaborative atmosphere which values innovative thinking, and approach each day committed to delivering products and service second to none. At Cerilliant, we believe good chemistry is more than just a process in the lab. It’s also about creating partnerships that anticipate the needs of our clients and provide the catalyst for their success. to place an order or for customer service WEBSITE: www.cerilliant.com E-MAIL: [email protected] PHONE (8 A.M.–5 P.M. CT): 800/848-7837 | 512/238-9974 FAX: 800/654-1458 | 512/238-9129 ADDRESS: 811 PALOMA DRIVE, SUITE A ROUND ROCK, TEXAS 78665, USA © 2010 Cerilliant Corporation. -
View Is Primarily on Addressing the Issues of Non-Permanently Charged Reactivators and the Development of Treatments for Aged Ache
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Therapeutics for the Treatment of Organophosphorus Poisoning by Nerve Agents and Pesticides Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew Joseph Franjesevic Graduate Program in Chemistry The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Professor Christopher M. Hadad, Advisor Professor Thomas J. Magliery Professor David Nagib Professor Jonathan R. Parquette Copyrighted by Andrew Joseph Franjesevic 2019 2 Abstract Organophosphorus (OP) compounds, both pesticides and nerve agents, are some of the most lethal compounds known to man. Although highly regulated for both military and agricultural use in Western societies, these compounds have been implicated in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, whether by accidental or intentional exposure through agricultural or terrorist uses. OP compounds inhibit the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and AChE is responsible for the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), and it is extremely well evolved for the task. Inhibition of AChE rapidly leads to accumulation of ACh in the synaptic junctions, resulting in a cholinergic crisis which, without intervention, leads to death. Approximately 70-80 years of research in the development, treatment, and understanding of OP compounds has resulted in only a handful of effective (and approved) therapeutics for the treatment of OP exposure. The search for more effective therapeutics is limited by at least three major problems: (1) there are no broad scope reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE; (2) current therapeutics are permanently positively charged and cannot cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently; and (3) current therapeutics are ineffective at treating the aged, or dealkylated, form of AChE that forms following inhibition of of AChE by various OPs. -
Ehab Shaaban Mohamed EL-Osely M.B., B
INFLUENCE OF SOME PESTICIDES ON HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY OF EXPOSED WORKERS IN PESTICIDES INDUSTRIES By Ehab Shaaban Mohamed EL-Osely M.B., B. Ch. Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university1994 Master in radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university1998 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree In Environmental Science Department of Medical Science Institute of Environmental Studies & Research Ain Shams University Under The Supervision of: 1- Prof. Dr. Mostafa Mohamed EL Rasad Prof. of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University 2- Dr. Mahmoud Lotfy Sakr Associate Prof. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University 3- Prof. Dr. Zidan Hindy Abdel Hamid Zidan Prof. of Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University 4- Dr. Amany Mohamed Ezz El-Din Associate Prof. in Radiation Health Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology 5- Dr. Inas Mohamed Fawzy Gaballah Associate Prof. of Industrial medicine Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University 2010 - 1 - Acknowledgement First and foremost thanks to ALLAH to whom I relate any success in achieving any work in my life. I would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to the sole of Prof. Dr. Mostafa Mohamed EL- Rasad, Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, for suggesting and planning this study. No words can express my deepest thanks to him. My sincere appreciation and special thanks to assistant professor Dr. Mahmoud Lotfy Sakr, assistant professor of clinical toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, for his overwhelming kindness and encouragement, his keen supervision, continuous guidance, experienced advice. -
Machine Learning Accelerates the Discovery of Design Rules and Exceptions in Stable Metal–Oxo Intermediate Formation
Machine Learning Accelerates the Discovery of Design Rules and Exceptions in Stable Metal–Oxo Intermediate Formation The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Nandy, Aditya et al. "Machine Learning Accelerates the Discovery of Design Rules and Exceptions in Stable Metal–Oxo Intermediate Formation." ACS Catalysis 9, 9 (July 2019): 8243-8255 © 2019 American Chemical Society As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b02165 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Final published version Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122278 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes. Research Article Cite This: ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 8243−8255 pubs.acs.org/acscatalysis Machine Learning Accelerates the Discovery of Design Rules and Exceptions in Stable Metal−Oxo Intermediate Formation Aditya Nandy,†,‡ Jiazhou Zhu,§ Jon Paul Janet,† Chenru Duan,†,‡ Rachel B. Getman,*,§ and Heather J. Kulik*,† † ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States § Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Metal−oxo moieties are important catalytic intermediates in the selective partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and in water splitting. Stable metal−oxo species have reactive properties that vary depending on the spin state of the metal, complicating the development of structure−property relation- ships.