t.-.Dft,c Invktitut Invktitut #70 (1989) #70(1989) #70 (1989)

Contents Iluanittut

Editorial 2 Aaqiksuijinit 2 ~"p'r.t.;>0-' 2 Eskimo Bulletin 6 Sivuniksaq 6 J~a-b"~b 6 What It Means to be an Inuk 10 Qanuq Inuuluni b...," .t..iJ..:>0- J'P'bL'L' 10 Letter to TB Patients 15 Tukiqarmangaat 10 t.<:'..:>c-rt>' nn~"c'r' Levi's Story 19 Evaluardjuup Titiraqtangit Poverty in the South 22 Q.. C ..Da... 'ra-a- 22 to the Moon 26 Ajursartunik 22 t. c-"o- 0-" Eye In The Sky 34 Ilinniatitauniq PivaIIinar­ Tuktoyaktuk Memories 36 A<:,c..C-'ia...'ibJ'(...:>b 24 tupaaluk 24 Labrador Inuit Poems 45 r'L"-7t>L~'J" 26 George Porter of Gjoa Haven 48 Ningarijaugajuktuq 26 ~"p'r.t.;>t>' .t.b~'n'Lc Life in the North: The Way Aaqiksuijiup Ikajurtingata Titiqanga 34 nn"b'L 34 Young People See It 56 Inummariit: An Inuit Way Tuktuyaktuk Itkangit )')\""J'rt>' .t."bt>L~' 36 of Life 60 Taptoma 36 J':>c-' ...." <...' .t....,.t.' Laapatuarimiut t>o-'bt>r"J'i,J'ijCibr t>...:>'iC;<;b 48 Ursuqtuumi Ulurraq 48 Inuusiq Ukiuqtaqtumi: Makku­ t..iJr''' t>pt>"C"Jr: L'd'J' © Inuit Tapirisat of Canada ktut Tautugusingagut 56 Ct>JJr"LJ' 56 Inummariit: Sivunitsiariksisi­ ~..J)LLi'LC: rl~o-c.,Jo-'..:> 60

<:">" t>...,'n) t>'bc-Lv' Inuktitut is a cultural magazine serv­ Inuktitut uqalimaagaq titiraqtau­ t>c-'dr'cr' ) .... t> Ln'n'b'Ct> n<:'"c-­ ing Canadian Inuit. The views vakpuq iliqusinik tusaumatittiqat­ ...,'cr' bo...cr expressed are not necessarily those of tauvalliajumamut inungnik Kanata­ t>.<>'nj')cr nn~'r'L~'bc-''bt>Ct>~' C'd.<>t>' CAA..' .... 'dcr'Lc..."-'r)'. nn­ tising, write to: isakkuningalaringitut. Titirarsimaju­ ~'r'L ~cr' a... 'r't>'7 t>' c-t>L­ Inuktitut Magazine nik naksiujjuit ajjiliugailu qaujisar­ t>"..:> 'bt>;> .... 'ct>n' nn~'­ Inuit Tapirisat of Canada tautiarniarput titirartauqasiujjautu­ 170 Laurier Street West innariarqarmata. Qaujitiakunniru­ Ct> 'br't>' 7 t> )"-0..."- ;>­ Suite 510 maguvit qanuq akilirtautigivang­ n" nr­ Ottawa, Ontario mangaata tamakkununga, atii titi­ <:"L'LC CL'd.<>'l" ,,-' t><:"L: Inuktitut Magazine Inuktitut Magazine Telephone: (613) 238-8181 Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Fax: (613) 234-1991 170 Laurier Street West 170 Laurier Street West Suite 510 The last issue ofInuktltut pub­ SUite 510 Ottawa, Ontario lished was no. 69 (Spring 1988). The KIP 5V5 Ottawa, Ontario series continues with this issue, KIP 5V5 no. 70 (1989). - ~'r')" C'd'bc-LL"" c...I>'r'Ln~...:>r', have already passed and the maga­ lugit, taimali arragut qulit qilami­ C6.Lc- <1~c;Jc ~dc-c ~pC-r<]....:Jb zine is now thirty years old. Perhaps aluk naasimalirirmitillugit 30-ni ar­ i>..r'Lc-,,- Tn~ ...:>r' 30-cr 'b'Cr'Lc-')' -D6 'cncl>­ to those who remember the first ittartitaullutik. 1959 akunialuujaa­ issue, a small booklet edited and qungittuugaluaq taikkununga igau­ ~ ...:>n'. 1959 L""'....oc (Cousins). The magazine grew over lugit, mikinirsammariullutik agik­ r'~~C-'<1 nns"cl>n~ ...:>r', the years, and it has documented surtaullutik titiraujartausimallutillu rpo-<;~LLI'\..[>c...... :Info <]<;bpb,.J"([>L ....;>n b three turbulent decades of rapid Mary Panigusirmut Cousins. Ar­ change in Inuit life. This issue is a ragut amisut naasimalirtillugit nnSI>7'CI>r'L ~ ...:>n~...:> I r c l>'bl>r"br'L ~ ...:>n' Northern Affairs Canada to the Inuit nianiq. Tawa maannami titirat­ Tapirisat of Canada. tavut Inuktitut atjiungittut, pitjutig­ 6..,6' 6c-"dr"LC c...I>'r'Lcr­ to move into communities and give junnairsutik, maannali aagiksurtau­ I>'r')', /\'..!nr~...:>J r'~~C-'<1 up the traditional life and the free­ vannialirmata kanatami Inuit dom and responsibilities that went Tapiriiksakkunginnut. with it. Now, Inuit in turn are work­ Arragut 1950 nungulirtillugit am­ ing to persuade the government that malu arragut 1960 pigialirtillugit in order to solve the problems creat­ gavamakkut inunnik nunalinnuar­ ed during those years of upheaval titsivallialaursimammata ammalu they need the authority to run their iIigusianik imminillu aulasuungun­ own affairs. It is fitting that the igninnik ammalu imminigisuungu­ longest running and most distin­ ninginnik asinguillutik. Taimali ma­ guished periodical in Inuktitut anna, Inuit gavamakkunnik ugautj­ should now become the property of uiqattalirput tamakkua isuingiguti­ all Canadian Inuit. liaviningit taisumani aagigiarumal­ Over the years many Inuit and lugit suugaimma imminik aulagu­ others have worked for blllktitllt, magamik. Akunialuk gavamakkut often gaining experience useful in inunnik aulatsigasuarsimalirmata. furthering their careers. The names Aulavalliagumammata pitjutig­ most familiar to readers over the past illugu akauluanguarajalirpug taak­ few years are David Webster, kua inuttitut kamagijaungaalirpata Deborah Evaluarjuk, and Katolic inunnut suugaimma kanatamiuli­ Utatnaq. maanut inunnut turangajut. Arraaguni amisuulirtuni Inuit ~<;bPC[>CT~ ... a.....6.<;rnb, L.e~crc;bc-LLb~o-b <;b­ editor of Inuktitut, which at first tut uqalimaagaksanik aaqiksuiji­ bc...I>"r'L..!". 6-Dn))6~~" appeared in Inuktitut only. An uqaalauqsimajuq, Inuttutuinnaq nnS"r'L.ec...1>')cr'. nnsl> 7'b...:>LI accomplished artist, Mary decorat­ titiraqsimavalaurtunik. Titirau- I I r'n'nLL,,-')" ed Inuktitut's pages with her jakkaalugami Mary piusittimmari­ .6.....o c n)C l>c;bc-LLb~(Jb. L"-a... drawings. She now teaches school palaurtuq Inuktitut uqalimak­ 6c-~6;>1>..!" 6'b...:>~cr. in Iqaluit. sanik. Maanna ilisaijiujuq Iqalunni. 'Jc-'n"...:>r' o, r c LeL "de 6..J:/,'-cr b ....oa...c-Q.. ...D I:.c-­

~bdr'<]a-b fj,Lr c-c...... ,:) c..;Jcr'ra..- crb <]LL...J .6,Lr cr~p~Jcr"rQ..crb •• n'. CI:.Lc- L~Cl., I:.J>I:. ... L~L 'd~o-' ~'b~'~1:. 'b'Cc-'>' CL­ 'dr' r"bI:.LL I:.Lr 0-' ' L~L 'do 1:.J>~0-' J '" ('d'n)' bLr7~'Lc-'~J>' r"bI:.LL bCl.cr~c-LJ>' I:.J>~ J>' )'i'L~' • 1:.' 'n)' 4"P'r'- I:. 'b'C'r'L~' I:.c-<<'"c-''n)' I:.<'J" then, after three more years in tuarmi arraaguni amisuni ilisaijiul­ n>c... I:.~...:> bJc-' Qamanittuaq (Baker Lake) returned luni surusirnik innarniIIu. David in­ l> (ea.. ~b. to edit the magazine from 1983 until uttitumik aaqiksuiqatausilaursima­ the transfer to Inuit Tapirisat. juq 1978-mi amma arraaguk mar­ CI:.6\' :>I:.«J" l:.o-r7'L~ Deborah Evaluarjuk, originally ruuk anigurmatik Qamanittuarmut 1\?c...~'r'L~" from Igloolik, came to Ottawa in utiriIIuni taikaniilirsuni pingasuni ....0 a... <;br'L c...... JO- <;bLcr'J<]c;r <]"iSJo- 1984 as a student in Inuit Tapirisat's arraguni, taimali utililaursimagivuq o- r'?r"o-' journalism training program. She has Atuvuamut inuttituulirigiartursuni been writing and translating for 1983-mi Inuit Tapiriksakkunginnut fj,0-a....<;a-c.....J. C6.tA C .6.....o CnJr b Inuktitut since 1986, and recently nutaummat aaqiksuiqataujuhnair­ 4"P'r'1:. 'bC~r'c...~'r'L~" 1978-r won a special merit award from the suni. Tipula Evaluarjuk Illulimmiuq o- Cl:.bir­ for her article "Excavation Saves ilinniariartursuni tusagaksaliurtiu­ Threatened Archaeological Site" nirmuk. Taimangat 1986-mit Inuk­ c-'r'o- 1\ 'Lr'o- '" 4J:>'n­ issue. Katolic Utatnaq, from malu titratiulluni, ammalu maan­ )C-rLr 1:.' Qamanittuaq, joined the staff as a narataangulaurtuq tunirusalaurtuq

CArL b~bd'rQ. J:)c ....oCC>LL c c... remain with Indian and Northern ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• CI:.N :>1:.«)' 1:.J>'nJ' 4"P'r'­ David Webster, former editor of David Webster Inuktitut uqali­ I:."'~c...~'r~", l\C-rL'bn'br'o­ Inuktitut, with Katolic Utatnaq maagaksanik aaqiksuijiulaurmi­ bJc-' ~C',i..r' (,,~r n>c... I:.~...:>c... ec.....,:)br'nb 4a..cr<]G\LrC)....o' in 1960, is reprinted in this issue. ""PC~c...~'r'L~' 1960-r, L0-0... ~C;bpbbQ.crc;C~c. ,-.!, D." ...;)c-',c>'" 4J'?'­ Affairs and continue with their other junit, ammalu taakkua titiralaursi­ r'L-.!'" 1984-1 D.c-~o-'nC>a-'I'. CD.L'L' Inuit Cultural Institute and the Katolic Utatnaq Qamanittuarmiuq, 1986-1' D...o'nJ' D...o'n)c-'n­ Avataq and Torngasuk cultural cen­ inuttituuIirtigijaulilaurtuq 1987­ 'r'~C>-.!" " ...00-, tres, and answering the many mit. 'J" Jo-?r'­ ")"b nnc;cr'­ 'r'L,.'r' Jo-'?r''c'r' L,"PCC>r'Lc...C>'r'L-.!' 1988-1 D.J)'­

n)c. bJc- b t>CcO- <;1> "bLo-cJ"b, /).....ocn)C-"inr7[>C-c....I>")<;b 1987-1' CD.&\', n>c...

,Jc- f:j, .. bba.....6. 7.6.

c b n...r-- )"bbdQ..cr, .6.....o n)c-n....r-l> ....:ln • <]LL....:l l:1....ot:J. c !J.c-"bdr'c-n...r-bd'r- requests for information about the DaVid, Tipula amrnalu Katolic suli Inuit which the federal government iqanaijainnarniartut inulirijituqa­ c Q.....D , ...;)n', ~c>...;)n' Editing this issue of Inuktitut are piliriqataulutik, ammalu kiujiulutik Martha Flaherty and John Bennett. Kanataup gavamakkungita apirsur­ b,,-CC>' L~L'd'rc Jnr- Martha, who grew up in Inukjuak taugutigivattanginnik qallunaat and Aujuittuq (Grise Fiord), worked nunanginnit ammalu silarjuami <]LL....:> r'e.... """'0-'n program "Taqravut". John, originally ammalu John Bennett. Martha, ~Q.. Aa-'. Le, .6.....oc~- from Toronto, started working for Inukjuami inuulaursimajuq am­ c...C>'r'L -.!" -.!D.'JI D.J)'n)c-'nr'~c...C>'J" tor of the Youth Councils project. ulirtisivalaurtuq Inuktitumut ar­ Along with new staff and new ragut 1980 pigialirtillugit amrnalu D.J)'nJ' ~L,.C>Jn'b,Jo- decade with a new look. We hope its apirsurpalaurnianut "Taravukkut". Cc.... 6\ ~ ode "0- li\bb/)'c will continue to fund InuktJtut, the Taakkua inuttitut arraagunut 40­ bnL~ 'r~ J)'. magazine is now expected to raise nuurpallianialirsutik asinginnut C'd

b son, businesses operating in the Inuit asinginnik pilirijiqalilutik. 40""O"< .... c-<]a-c...CC>a-'ba-'bc-L 'nc>~'c'?' 'd&\ 'd L...;) r' r 7 'bn' ~ 'r~O-'- Society, lTC's fundraising wing. taugunnarniartugijaujut. Tamanna crc .6...D lo nJ C t>~bc-LLc-t>~- Members of the Society will receive a pitjutigillugu ukiurtartumiut nam­ subscription to Inuktitut. miniq iqanaijaaqatut pijuminar­ cr'J', <1'L...:> C'd<1 I> 'bc-Ll,' Inllktitut has become popular titsinasuaqattarunnarnialirtut Po-I> 7 c-I>? CI> J~O- 'cr <1'J r71> -<' , because for three decades it has been takuksautitaminik Inuktitut uqali­ CL ~O- A'-J I>pl>'C'Jrl>' publishing informative and enter­ maagarni. Kanatami inulimaat tat­ a...Lfcr<;b 6..;bba....6.~<;b)C A~ra...."nc taining articles. In this, the thirtieth suminga uqalimaagarmi suli pijun­ anniversary issue, we reprint some of narniartut akiqangitillugit. Kanata­ ~ ~ ?~O- 0- <1'b' C 'cr <1 c- 'J' Cd'''1> n- them. We hope the memories they milu qallunaat asingillu silarjuarni­ bring back to older readers willl::>e ut uqlimaagartaarpalaurtut akili­ bO-cr I'>..,c-L' C'~r'l, I>'bc-L­ pleasant ones, and that in getting a igiaIaalirtut. l,'r ~c- A-<~O-'cr<1'J' <1p'b'r- glimpse of Inuktitllt's history, new Inuktitut uqalimaaruminarijausi­ readers will get a feel for the mavut arraaguni 30-ulirtuni qauji­ c "be...... ;l~ nc...... :lr • ba....Cr....;l C c c...... ;l t>"bc-LLc;Cc;'J' <1p<,-r<1c...c-'J', Tapirisat would like to thank the naasimalirtilIugit taikkua sivullit I'>..,'nJ' l>'bc-L?rO-rL71>~L'?' Department of Indian Affairs for giv­ titirapaIaurtangirrnik saqititsigiaI­ ing it the opportunity to publish lakpugut. Taikkua uqalimaarpalaur­ <1'SJcr 30-1>c-'Jcr 'bl>i'r<1'6\'''­ Inllktitut. We intend to maintain the simajut iqaitsiaqugaluarpavut tais­ rL71>" ...:>n' <1'L...:> 'd6\<1r71>"...:>n', high standards of content and lan­ umaninitanik quviagilugit, ammalu CI'>LI'>'L' <1"iJ' 30 iL~Lc-'n­ guage use that Inuit expect, and we tamakkua takujariurtut qanuittuu­ hope that over the next thirty years "...:>r' CI'>'d<1 ~'?"c-' nn~'C'r~cr' ,,"pn'~r<1"c...'>J', CI'>­ steady improvement in the quality of Kanatami Inuit Tapiriiksakkut in­ 'd<1 I>'bc-L ''~L-<' I'> "bl'>'~­ Inuit life. ulimaanik kiggarturlutik qujalillar­ <1'dl,...:><1'<'?' CI'>~LcrcrCcr' 'd6\­ ipput inulirijituqakkut aaqiksurtau­ <1r ...:>r', <1'L...:> CL'd<1 Cd7rL­ gunnartitsimata Inuktitut uqali­ maagarmik. Piujummarinnik nuitit­ ,~C I>'J' 'b..,I'>')l,7'L I>'bc-Ll,c-­ sigasuaqattarniarpugut inuillu niri­ <1rL71>'b'C~7'J' 'bl>i"-n', ugijanginnik titirarasuarpalluta, CI'>L'CI>" ,,"p'b~l>n7'?' c-<1 ammalu arraguni 30-uniartuni 1'>'<...1>' nn~C6\cr<1 'bl>i'r<1'6\'­ lnuktitut piusigiarutauqugalu­ arpavut inunnut, inuusinginnuut. "'~<1~I>'LC 'b"...:> 0-' ..,0-'l,cr <1'~JI'>' 1950 <1'L...:> 1960 (1)'­ n"...:>r' >~" ...:>'J' J'd~<...I>'J' rb~...D(. bO-Cr 1'>..,1'>' CAn.''''d' .6.....oc-Lcr b pLVJ\.Jn b - J~O- 'n'~LC I'>..,'nJ' I>'bc-Lvr', A I> -<' L rL ~cr' .., I'> n' ~ l,~ <1 'b'C- "a-Jc 6....D!J.t...... ;l o-n..t>rl;'ro..- cr' nn"~<1'<"...:>C, <1'L...:> <1'~Jcr 30-1>0-<1'Jo- I'>..,'nJ' AI>~r<1?CI>'dl,...:><1'<'?' I'>..,~..,',

.6....i:lr' .... rO'...Dc • - Mai 1953 Lb 1953 May 1953 Eskimo Sivuniksaq

Bulletin InLlit tLlsagasangit Kanatallp gava­ makklll1ginnLl LluktLlriamtaLllaLlrsima­ jut SiVLlllirpaa. SaqitaLllaLlqsimajut kaningammut inLlIirijikLlnningartLlmLlt, ammalLl titiraqsimalauqsimajLlq inLlt­ LLoLl' Y .. ~L.,'r' bQ. CI> , ~~L'­ "Eskimo Bulletin" was the Federal titllt qaniujarpatitLlt ammalll qallLl­ d'r"J> P,'Jf"L<1?CI>c...I>'rL'c....t>'ib,-JL..,fC CW1I1ingham, director o(the Northem 1953-mi, ammalLl LlkiaksaamlirtillLlgll ber -' nn'i"rLc...I>"rL ''- the Department ofResources and nJc 'ibc-l> 7 ""c <1 LL....:> "bc- ....:>ci..- Development, as Indian and Northem Affairs Canada was then called, it was Taisumanialuk Inuit aSiqangittut n::>c. ,-J,? '-r.- 'ib 'i,-lL .,.fe written in Inl/ktitut syllabics, Roman nunamini. Uumajursiuvajujut niqi­ 1953-1, <1'L..:> I>P<1'~JrJ orthography, and Englis/l. First appear­ ksaminik pijumajalimaaminik pivat­ tuvinit. Tawa nunamini ajuinnarni­ ....D'i b bt>n7t>rc..-,nl:> 1\ "L~Lj Q.a... 'icrb ing in the spring of1953, it stopped pl/blication that fall, after only three rminut. Maannaqamikasak kisimi L., "pn'rc... I> 'rn'. issues. qallunaat uningiarturtut inuit nuna­ ngani inuusingillu iliqusingillu Inu­ it asiagutitaujut. Maannali inuli­ Vol. 1 No.1 maakasat sungiutisimalirtut aturi­ amik niuvivimiutani allaat piqata­ runnairutik ilanginnik sapiluarajar­ tut ajursalirajartut. ESKIMO BULLETIN Asiangurtitsimajut pitjutigillugit qallunaaqanirsaujamalu nunatsinni SlTUlhkutdt pitjutigillugu Inuit ilitusaujut qanu­ iliutuqalirmangaat nunaminilu qal­ lunaat tagvani Inuit nunangani qa­ u.....roll:.1ukT..JUyut ".11:11<8""'1,,1k, "lYlDoyall."",llllk pl".kt"1'1"1t nurlu pinasuarmangaata inuit isu­ I>L'O!.-'C><:''''''''' ... ,.,r... · A..!L:...Lr...... c:.) ...... magilugit uatsiarulirpat Inuit sanan­ UIITilD3&t DWl"",t"t, alrul"&ll6J1l.::o1:1ut. Ilannak..lk"nk k1 .. gaarumaartut qallunaat sanavat­ (<'L .....r... v"" ...... r.. . L ... \i~'" ,,Ii kaol.1""at Wll151alttuktut lnuit oU:1I'''S""I, 1""al"<1" 111koa1n~. taanik ilanganik.

\..... o. ... r'O! • L...,. ,,_L." ,...rl>l"'I­ .1:&1.k"U" .t"61~lk dllTl.tTtll:Jll1n.-.nlk, II&la~ jllkU""""~~U: katimaqattarnirmik niuvirtimik

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••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• C'd r'Lc...I>'r' L~' Eskimo Bulletin, IIlLlktitut's prede­ tausimalaursimajut tusartit­ )~'n'r'J(I>~,,' cessor, is almost amusing in the sigutaujunik inulirijituqakkunnit, fj,...£J~r'L.r-- J~bbdQ.a-c, fj,...£Jfj,c 1980s. The Bulletin was a messen­ Inuit iliqusinginnik asinguivaI­ fj,~~bd,.J""rQ.a-b ger from the Department of Iiammarililaursimajut Inunnik 'r' L~' Northern Affairs, which was uqaqatiqaIauratik. /5,J'",,' l>'b'bn'bc...l>C;n'. bringing drastic change to Inuit 6 life without consulting Inuit. C"~L.,-' "-",,,' L-<'r't>e-<-<' .,-'pOL".,-' In the old days, Eskimos lived alone aanniasuitimillu inuunivatut. I1an­ in their own country. They hunted gitauq qallunalimi qaniksanginna­ A-CL' from their own country and by their inuttitut angajumik Inuit pijisanik.

I>cr'r<]")")' 6...06.' -Da.... 'La- own work. It is only in recent years Kisutuinnaalummik uqapaniartut that white men have come into the Inuit tusanagijunatani. I1angit qauji­ 6.....6r' ..rc...... => 6.~~bdr'"br<..-.J .6.....Dl1 c Eskimos' country to stay and that tisiniartut kisutuinnarmik Inuit qau­ -<'. L~,,-c- ,,-",c-Lb'" changes have taken place in the jimajiksanik atunatumi. Asiattauq ~'rt>nr'Lc-'Y &\&\­ Eskimos' way of living. Most Eskimos unikaagumaartut inunnik nanituin­ 't>C.,- r' of them. Because of these changes javut ilinnianirmik tukisitisiniartulu ~b....:la.... "b cr",", I> 7 L....:> ....Dc.... 'r'Q.o- /\c_ and because more and more white kisumi pinasualigatta Inuit isumag­ men will probably be going into the ilugit. Ikajusautaugajartut uvatinut -J "-",,,' "c-)"t>-<' Eskimo's country for one reason or inuillu qallunaallu alatapata uqaqat­ "b....o 6. c-I> J"bc-"L 'Lc ....0 a.... I cr....:l another, it is necessary that Eskimos tapatalu qanutuinnaq isumagi­ ~bc...... :>a....c C~.:ecr 6....D.6.' ....oa....'Lo- should learn more about what is hap­ jaminik ukununga alauniartumik 'b-",'",:> A,,-~r' t> what the white men are trying to do fj, c-'La- b. for the Eskimos, so that in time, they "-",,,' "c..'r' "c-r'L'r)' may be prepared to undertake some of this work themselves. 'b-",Lc..' "c-.,- P~),,­ Some Eskimos have already learned ~,,-'"...:> bnL'b'e.,-',' .,-t>&\n,' something at the schools and at other >c-r',' n,"...:> ,,-",~e)'. "c..'rc- association with the traders, R.C.M. Police, missionaries, doctors, and 1>"10 "bc- .Ja....c-r "berb,", "'rQ..o..r b nurses, who have been liVing among )Pr'r' r"...:> 'b-",,,c-t> )'bL'L' them. Others who are liVing at a dis­ LeLn ?LC)' ,,-",'n)' tance from settlements, have not had "bI' nr'- standing of what is happening, the crI'LI"".,-' " send out papers in the Eskimo lan­ guage to each Eskimo family. These [>o-6JL <;OJ' .6....DQ..(Jb a....o-J6.Q.a.... "- papers will deal with anything that ).,-' )'bL'L' we think will be of interest to ....Da....c-C1. cr rJliQ.a....i b • rc-CCl>"b Eskimos. Many of them will explain .,-'6t>r')" ~,,-t>.,-.,- c..t>'r'L..!' P'Jc-- The Eskimo Bulletin tried to Taakkua sivulliqpaulaursimajuup 'rc t>"bl>c~6.....!c "b....o<;b c..t>n.,-' ~S'r'L-<.,-'. boat motor, but the instructions aaqiksuigiaq aulautinik suraksi­ Pr' " ~ e c- Pr'L'r'r'I""­ sembling them and examining the inuilli i1isaqtausimangitsiarsutik t>nrec..t>'LC Cd~,,-),,~,,-'~r' parts. titiqatigut qaujitsautigivalaurmata c..t>n' Pr'f 1\r'. /ob,,~I>CI>L7')' I>~- be just stories to read for amusement. saujut umunga: The Director, We hope, however, that that all will Northern Administration and Lands n...D C 6....Dt::.<...... :J ~bc...... :J6....c...... :J 'b'b'C 'b-"J)/o·d-"J'L ,,'b)~- would help us greatiy if Eskimos and Sivuli alausiqaniatut marrunni whites would send in articles or sug­ Inuit alagusinginnik qallunaallu ""...>.,,' 1>,,' >e-- gest subjects that might be dealt with alagusigivatait inuttitut allalirami. r'-"J' ,,1>6\'n-"J n-"J""':>. /o...:>,,' I>J'L: tions should be addressed to The Atualirutsigit ukua allait qaujiniar­ The Director, Northern Admin­ Director, Northern Administration tusi allasimajut Kimmirummiullu istration and Lands Branch, and Lands Branch, Department of Kingamiullu uqausingititut. Taikuali Department of Resources and Deve­ Resources and Development, Ottawa, uqausingi atjigijauluangikaluartusu­ lopment, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Canada. tik asinut inunnut tukisijaugunna­ r''?e- r"b,, ~c 'be...... JQ... C <]<-c....Jr'o"r- ters). It is hoped that in a short time amillu allagiamillu qallunatitut. .,,' C/oLe- /o...:> white man's way of writing, so that unikutaavanginnamik uqariutsi­ everybody will be able to read and aqattangittut inuttitut. Akaugajar­ write in this way. You can learn this turli tamainnut Inuit tukisisungup­ dI-,,­ writing in these papers. tut. llisimaningit qallunaatitut atu­ "...:> P'Lfl>"...:> I>'bl>r"rn)'. You will notice too that these arsiqatarajartut ilinniakanirajartut papers are written in the Baffin Island allagusinginnik qallunaat ami­ C/od'bl>r"r ...:> <1- dialect. Some of the words used in gaikkaluarmata. b c c ...rb....:>J· ...r'bt>r'­ places, but we do not think anyone ukiuq atausiq naagiurpat naalungi­ wili have much difficulty in under­ tugajartut qallunaatitut tukisigajar­ 'r·,,'. C/oL/o'Le- C'd'bl>r"r' ,,' /o-"J/o' possible to prepare these papers in all ilinniagiamik qallunaatitut ilangit al­ /o...:>n,,r'. the dialects the Eskimos use. We are launiartut piqaniatut Inuit uqau­ /o-"J/o' /oe-·,,'" 'b rL 1>' r' L7')'e- CL/o·-"J' mos should learn to speak and to read itigiurlutik. Tamakkua allait atuaqat­ and write English. Many of the white tarumaartasi ilasi tusatillugillu tai­ /o-"J/o' )Pr'r'J''b,.!J' men they meet do not stay very long mali kamagitsiarlugit ipaktittaulil­ 'be...... :Ja....n)c. 6.c-r"Lcr"'r c 'bc...... :>6....- among Eskimos, and consequently do lugit sUjutitaililugillu. Allaqutili­ not learn to speak the Eskimo lan­ maasi puqatusaujut pijariakittigiali guage well. It would greatly help both pusaliuriaq. the Eskimos and white men in un­ Q.crc .6.....0 6. L.,<;)cr b English. Eskimos who learn to read English would also be able to read and learn from the many books that would be available to them in the English language. If Eskimos would 8 try to learn just a few English words 'bl>cL' I>PI>" r''' iLrl>'<' every day, they would find at the end iL...>'r)L,7')' 'be...>iLn)' )Pr'L,­ of a year they would be able to speak to white men and to understand 7')' !c,...>iL!c,J>'. !c,J>!c,' !c,b"J­ what the white men say to them. L...>r' !c,c-~o-iLny This would help everybody. To assist .6.c....rc o- ,J'rQ.a- b )p_y the papers we shall send to you will give lists of Eskimo words and the !c,c-~o-~r' English translations. You should learn c!c,r'r. how to write these words and to pro­ n' iL"I> n'r' Lc-­ ,,1>,,' papers will be numbered and you nrl>'...>n'. CL'dr"...> which the numbers run. You will C!c,Lc- 'bLr'r'r' !c,<'n'C!c,- probably want to read these papers often and to read them to your fami­ c-<...... Jrc ~""nc.6.c-....:>r'-....:>. <]'-c.... 'idn- lies. You shouid, therefore, see that c-Lr' >'b)"I>,,' 1\7n-~c-t>f"L

• •••••••••••••••••••• Taakkua qanurlikiaq iqqaujuksau­ CbdL~bL.d>""c These people from Kuujjuarapik jut sivullipaami qallunaat nunan­ r"<-c-CL C ....oe- 'L-O<]'i cr- visited Ottawa in 19S9.We wonder ganuarnirilaursimajaminik. Qanu­ f"Lc...J>\.JL7-rcr b • L7'r' r'''J>' nns~"I>'?J'. What were your impressions on titiravisauvugut. Taakkua Inuit C'd!c,' d',,' your first visit south? Write to us! Kuujjuarapimmiut Atuvuamut ni­ '?c...I>'r'L'" 1959- Back row L-R: Samson Sala, Nellie urrulaursimajut 19S9-gutillugu. In"...>J. )J>r!c," Jr'n 1960 August 1960 Ugusti 1960

C;b...D C;b 8..iJ ...:HT Qanuq Inuuluni )C;PC;bL""LC Tukiqarmangaat i>< nnc;

Inuulluta, nakit pimmangaata qa­ CLI>'I,'L'LC? nurlu tamaungarmangaata? Taanna apiqutiujuq kiujaujunnangittuq qal­ dnl>-<" PI>71>-<~o..'r')" 'be..:>iL­ What ItMeans lunaanit isumanginnut ilini­ a-c ,6,JL""ra...... oc .6c-o-rL7l>'\-rQ..a..cC rc-, To Be anInuk unginnatta suli, kisianili sivuli­ Pr''dr' ~'n~e-' CL'>LL'>- uumatitsimmatalu, ikpigigiaksamilu

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• L'>.i>r'f"L~c..I>'C~, CL'>,'Le-. Life as it used to be.L-R: inuusirivalartavut taisumani. Nau­ ~t>rc-~/\ dCL'>, -<'b Shoo, Eyuka Nakoolak Elisapee Cote, Annie Shoo, Eyuka o a....dc.... ~b Nakoolak nnLC, t>Ln'r"LC...o, .6.'/\rr ~b<"'....:l6.... c npc...I>'r~c-- from and how did we get here? This ginnik uumannirmata.Qallunaat is a big question to us all even in the iIangit iIisainnirmata qanuq naam­ ""ro..a- b i>L "--cr~LC. ~b<"'....:>6.... 6c""r c qallunaaq's way of thinking or learn­ mannirsamik inuugiaq, iIangillu I:::.c-L..,~ Q.cr~LC ~b....o~b 6.... LL o..cr~L.,rb ing. We are still a mystery to them, iliqusitinnik sukutitsijuviniit uvagut l:::.....or I:::.c-~bdr'no..a-b but our ancestors are the ones who iliqusitinnik. Kisiani puiguriaqangi­ ~dn'~-<6\c-' I>~J' .6.c-"d~n~c-'. we give praise to for all that they tavut, sivulivinitta inuutimmatigu have achieved - to live, to feel, to Pr'.6.Jcc', r'':>c-6\­ ikkiiraaluugaluartiIIugu niqiksaqati­ survive for centuries before the white taunginnarsutalu, immaqaa puigur­ o-'C .6.-",n'LnJ .6.'ps-,>l,...o 'r~,,-'~C...o, .6. 'L­ came with good intentions to teach '6 > .6.J'r'-c-':>' 50 But there is one thing we must not I>PI>' '6'r'c,:>' .6.~Lr"...or' .6.-" .6.-<>L'Lc Cd'..l>o-'l, Let us think back fifty years ago .6.~Lr"...oJ. C.6.L' I>~J' L ~"­ and compare our people's living con­ rp--J' bn"...oJ .6.L' bnr'L7'C environment. We have gained very little to add to what our forefathers 'PLLnJ' C.6.L.6.c-'l,J.6.~,,-'>J'. have left us. L~,,- I>"...or .6.~L..oC I>'i'-cc­ So let us realize today we are living Inuulluta imaak sivulivut 50 ukiut ..onJ .6.-",-i'-L,,-C in the present times without observ­ qaangirtavut isumagillugit, ammalu ;..~c...c- atjigijuujaangitangit iIavinitta inuu­ our own Inuit culture, which our I>~J' .6.c-"dr'J'bcc"..onJ, C~,,­ siviningit qanuijusingiIIu maan­ grandfathers have passed on to us nakkut qanuq inumangaata takut­ c-6\o-'C we keeping our old traditions, or are uvagut maanna mikijugulungmik we going to forget them for good? I ' ~c-, >.6.Jo-­ kisiani piujumik pisimavugut katiI­ am sorry to say we are forgetting 'CLn... b)<-",,:,"-o-C? Lr 'bSL .6.'--' >.6.Jc-S'nJ, thing to preserve our culture it will Maanna ullumi isumaluta utjirilu­ .6.J'C.6.c-l,~c-':>', /\ I> r'':>"...o J.6. '0-­ manata qanuq asiujivalliammman­ fathers had, our old stories which we c...I>'r'L­ gaatta, ammalu uvagut iliqusituqar­ used to hear from our older people -<~,,-.6. illutigu, taanna ataatatsianialutta in­ 'J' c...1>'r'L'r- will be gone and we will never hear uutillunitigut taisumanirmit maan­ "":>0- b.....o....:>b(C I:::. "'r?""6\cr'>c 0-'6'­ aturtavut suli, puigunirtamarikpul­ J"...o J'..c...I>'r'L7':>' .6.Jo-' lunnit? Mamiakkaluartunga C.6.L'l,' r'LJ.6.~,,-'C?

L tigu, ammalu puigurtailigasuangitu­ c....l>',-'L "ore...... :>o- 1\0-- arutta, sivulivut, piusivullu asiutuin­ ' C.6.'d-i'-,,-~

C sivinirput ataatatta inngirusirivat­ Cj7""r ) <1....:>'- "":'''-0-(, r',?'-c-6\cr'( taviningit unikkaartuavullu tusa­ C.6. L.6. n c... I> '...0 0- nJ' .6. -"' n c... I> '...0 0-­ aursimajavut itunit taimangat asiu­ nJ' • .6.L' .6."bI>L7cc', simatuinnartaruarmata ammalu n'b7'r'd'nJ '..>nl,7­ tusartaulaursimangilluni pinialir­ 'r'dnJ"...o, r'':>c-6\o-''C

""rnJc, I:::.L "--0- I:::.Lb n....o"-....oC .6.~LJ.6.~"- '...oC J'..'CI>'--'J''..I>''!l,-

-.J<]C ....oa....r7 C C -.I.', them again. All this Will be lost, so let tannali maanna aturtavut aturi­ us wake up and restore our aid meth­ C6r'La-n~...:>J 6-">6' c--:;Ie shown us. We must remember this: lutalu, iliqusirilitattiinnik, kisiani where no other people could have cL' 'b-">" 1\7n.~"':>I C r'~c-~a-'n)' 6 L' nJ C6r'La- 6.iJn~a-'LnJ, world not as the people of this pre­ taimaak nutaammariktitut atulirtati­ ~bc...... :la...... 6.c-~bdr''\,rc nJ sent new day, but as the people of c...... J tut taimak pigutta kisiani imaak pi­ old who lived well-ordered lives, who 6c-C,'...:>C...:> 'n"d', I><':'J~...:> lunnaralartugut isumatsiariaqarajar­ had a strong culture, who helped and tugut qaujimanatsiartumik, qallu­ 6c-"dr')'b>' I\r'L ~ ...:>nJ, c6L' cared for each other, and who kept naat ilagilutigu iliqusituqatitulluin­ I>'Lr'~a-'C,J' np')~C~...:> 6c-"dr')'bn)~...:> Pr'6J'C6c-~ ...:>nJ 6c-"dr'),b>~...:> qallunaaq's way of learning at the Qamttukkut maannali uvagut inuu­ C~ecn....o' CLLlQ. .,.Dc. tugut isumavut atjigijaugajangim­ learn as much as we can from this b. <;bdLLc.....t>'.-:>C ....oCJ c 1><"...,:1- mat, inutuqait qanuq inuujariami­ new culture, but we must not forget C b nik taisumanititut qaujimanirsam­ J , Ll,JLc-'....:>C-, ....ocr , J\'dn<;b- our own culture which is important mmariit, qaujimalutillu uqausirnik c-'...,JC...J ...DCa-b. .6.c-"c-C.6.11.a.... '-=>- to us. sivullinviningita!u ajuriqsursirnam­ So let us wake up to a new day, (....:I. D.c-'bdr'tL.c-CCna..crb, Pr'<]cr magit uqausirminik, kingulliit tama­ With new thoughts, new gifts, and 6 "bn. nJ )p'bnc-'...:>nJ...:>. mlk qanuq uqausiminik uqausiqa- 6L" 1\-.I.

b help of their knowledge and ingenu­ qanirsaugatta uqausimaritinnik. ~bt>r--L~cr'nJ t:.c-"d~)'bn)c...:> t:..i>L...:>­ this new modern way of living, and ginnarutta ataatattinnik pisimain­ <1"...,:)(. C"d....o"'L ~....D) .. b[>o- .. ~....oc only then will we have a bright narutigu. l>'b?L~'L. /\I>~~ iLL.,-'''I>-<'L- future, with the white people's learn­ Quviasuklutalu inuulluta ilagiillu­ ing and our own culture. ta pitaqaluta asiujariaqangittumik, n..I> L r"","" L~a.... t>C\bb[>a-"~[>-o:!c To you older people I want to say ilangititut katimajutigut, ilisain­ ~J' t:..i>-<'J' L'?".,-' t:.r'L 'bJ­ pass this culture to the younger gen­ inulimaat uqausiqatut atausirmik ~c-')J' t:.r'L~' <1'rr7I>L7'r'­ eration. At the moment we Inuit katimalutik. Atausiummat uqausiq seem to be of two different minds. katimatjutigijavut inunnik iluari­ Le , 6..D)'b.6. c <;6....o<;b .6.....67 n... rL.,-''''- way of living, know the language llisarugut pinasuagaksamik qa­ Ln..." .. bt>?-L....:lnc...... :l [>"bl>r'''o-b because their forefathers taught them nurlu nunaqariamik qalunaatullu­ ~~cc-6\.,- 'rc...:> <1-<'1"L "r"~L 'Lr' well; and second, the young people taimaak Inuit iliqusinganik asiuji­ are not interested in keeping their valliajuujaaputit. Tairnak ajurnama­ ~T.,-', I> 'bl> P'Jce-' CL'd <1 own language. They are not being uguluaq. Sanavalliajumagatta pina­ .6.....D6.' L"do..cr"".6,c /\[>b~'rC)C taught to keep their own language. It suapallialuta iluarilutalu ammalu il­ I>'bl>~""-' Ct:.L'L' l>'bl>~l"L­ is important to have our language. At isimanirmik tukisisimammarilluta ...:>.,-'-<", t:.c-"1"L71>~L 'r"

b b inherited from our fathers if we keep junnartavut uqausivullu uqausirilu­ "b...o<;b t>"bt>r'fcr t>"bl>"""bn..'...:> l>'bl>~'LI"L""-' ,,>n~L-

~ cr c...... :l, t> "6 [> r"bn... <1"60- <;~ t> Lee l>'bl>~Ll"Ln".,-'. /\'bS7')J' ct:.L' /\C...:> t:..i>c...:>C tH.... rc ­ ...:>C /\C'b...:>C <1~1>71"L<1'b'r'),'. t:.L'rn)' bnL-<.nJ'. t:.c-"t:."C...:>. t:.-<>'bnrc...:>C bnL...:>C, t:.-<>c-L' I>'bl>~'b)' <1CI>~'" bnL...:>n'. <1CI>~I>'L' I>'bl>~" bnL'-<.nr7~' t:.-<>".,-' t:....:><11"L7­ [>i.... 'J<- ....:Jer. t:.c-"?' /\'...:> We should be happy to be who we inuttut quviasuniaratta. uqausiqa­ are, liVing and working together, runairutta uqausititut, iliqusitinnik ....0 a.... "bn... a....Jt...... :J keeping our culture strong. After all, asiujijutitut pigajartugut kiinatuin­ c b D:.....ol:1 .6.c-<;bd,-J"'Lcr we are most comfortable with our namut ilagijaungittutitut pigajaratta <1..!~>n'. Ct:.L' <1-<"J...:> <1". own language. inunnulluunnit qallunaanulluunnit "C When you learn to work and live uqausiqarunnairutta. Taimaak inuk .6.....:>C want progress and comfort and edu­ iturluunnit. Kinatuinnarmut ilagi­ Ct:.L' t:.Lt:.')' /\r-<'~'bl>~~c...:> l>'bl>~l"L...:>nJ. I>'bl>­ these things - and still keep our lan­ Uqausiit imaak umajurtitut piti­ ~'bl"L<1'bS'C <1CI>~T' t:.-<>')' guage. We need our language to keep lugu, inuillu uumatsiartutitut nuna­ us happy together. An Inuk who has qatillugit, unikkaanillu uqautivagit, ~'b? 'd6\ <1 r'.,- <1 S'C. I> 'b I> 'bl>~n)'. L'.c-"d~n".,-' <1~I>­ He doesn't belong anywhere. (taanirsirpallutillu) taisumani mu­ r-<.n)' /\L7')J' P'r')n)' /\L7S'C t:.-<>"- uqanguarpallusi, quviagilugit ....oc.. -':'0..0-' "6<"....:>6...... 0<--':'0..0-' [><;6[>­ ~'b?"' I>'b- 13 t>,J~ra-b a....~c-~b)~b <],Jt>r--~LLrL- Keep our language alive and keep taimaittut ikajurtut suungullunilu e t> ~bdr-- '~b t> ~bt> ,J~r a- b a.....-.Jc- )~- the Inuit alive. Tell the old stories, inuunimik isumataarpallianartut taisumaninit sivulivinitinnit. ~a..a-e. Pa....).6.a..a....~Je .6.c....r7t>~a..­ sing the songs, dance the old dances, make jokes, enjoy this great power Qaujigasuarnit Inuit qaujigasuar­ 'bC>~' 6L' C>L~'n)' I\n­ our ancestors. uqausirmik. Inuit inunittauq taku­ ...:>J, /,;-",6"...:> i>L'r'<1')n)' The survival of the Inuit depends jaugutik, uguartutitut taimaatsiaq on the survival of the language. pigajartut inunnik takuniarasugigalu­ ....0 a.... ~bno:... .-.Jr<, t>a- b6a-o:....-.J t>~bt>n- When people meet Inuit they are dis­ ariutik takungikkutik inuit iliqusi­ -ere . .6.a.. ... r~beC~~no:...~, Jr I<':o-r"<" ...:>n"...:>1 C/,;r'Lo­ knowledge of Inuit ways. The Inuit jualuuvut. Taimaak uqausiq atuga­ language is powerful. It could be used jartut isumaqatittilunilu nunali­ Jr~ct>-ec....t>~)o-b. b.c-c.... ~a.... ~)a-c-.-.J to give many great thoughts to the maanittunik. Inuit atungipata nam­ C>'b'J<1'<" ...:>r', 'd6\<1r...:>r' C/,;L- world. If the Inuit themselves don't miniq uqausiminik tammartutitut .6. C)C .6.b~~)e ,..i"Jc-~a-.-.J .6...iJa-- use their language more, it will be for­ taimaikajartut qilamik inuilluttauq I' 6r'L<':'<"c-<1 c- 6\ 0- n~0-'. It is up to the Inuit of today to use inuit taimaak aturtaminitutu iluari­ 'bC>?-Lr'<1'o-' /';-",/';' 'bC>?-Lr'­ their strength of word and thought. It jamititut uqausillu isumallu. Isuma­ <1'?n' Pr'<1o- C>'bC>r"I'. /';-",/';' is up to the young people. If they ninittauq piliit (uvikkait) makkuttut 6-",0-'CC>" Cd?C>Jn', C>J<1')n)' don't learn and use the language and Inuit. Iliniangippata uqausirminik qanuq aturiamik unikkaavininillu /';-",~o-' the stories and songs, they will have c/';L'r'<1" I\L?')' Cd­ nothing special to give to their inngiusinillu atungippata Inuit o-<1'ir'rL...:> <1'...:>n' Cd'r'dn' 6-",­ children. tunisingitiarajartut qitungaminut. /';' /';c-"dr"b'r''b­ It's no good looking like an Inuk if Takunarlugu inuk piungimmat uqausinganik uqarunnangikkuni. C>r"r' <1'r~<1-,>:>', c6L' C>'bC>­ you can't speak like one. There are only very few Inuit, but Inuit amisuungimmata, qallunaat r''' (1)L?')' /,;r'L 'bn'n...:>o-...:> millions of qallunaat, just like kisiani amisualuummata kitiqasun­ b e ....oa....c-La-C)a- • .6.....o.6. <])'r~bt>,Jra- b CLl ~)n)e cial and wonderful to be an Inuk­ jaatulli inuullunit piunirsaumallu C/,;L/,;b?')' 'Pc-I' /';-",/';" ...:>'C­ they are like the snow geese. If an inuulluni kangurtitut taimaak Inuk forgets his language and his isumagirnartut. Inuk puiguruni C>" >/,;J'CC>L?')'. Inuit ways, he will be nothing but uqausirminik inukiu iliqusinginnik, 6r'Llo-' /,;-",6' I\ic-' L~<1­ qiturianguqataujutut. n.?ln)' C>'bC>r'"...:> 6r'L"...:> , /,;r'Llo-'CC>" I\ic-' 1C>6\'b6'1 L'd')' /';-",/';'. /';c-o-<1'r'~bl>,J~ra-b ~b....o~b <])rL<]r b I>a-- b6t\a-a-c-...;J .6.a..'rl>,Ja-c- ~ <])'r«- C 6-",/';' )o-r"rn<1'i?')' 'P)'LI-",'. CdJ 6-",' 1\c>'rLL' C>'b­ C>r"Lo-' C>'b?~6-' Pr'<1o- <11­ r'<1-,>LLC pn't.,C>'r')', P')n. <1­ n)e, "Ja....).6.a..CLI>~)O:"'c- .6...iJC- ...;Ja-e l\C>o-'t.,C>L"...:> 6.iJ"...:>0- b'J'n)' c6L' /';r'Lr'6J?­ a- [>~b[>,J~r a- b .6.....o b~ .6.c-~bd,J'r­ a..a-b, /\C~b'rC))C C.6.Lb I\L7~)C 'P)n. <1'J'bCC>~)' Pr'<1o- I\L?')'.

4 • l>Jr'n 1960 August 1960 Ugusiti 1960

I:::.. ~ -"> <] ~ ~ < I:::.. L-"> c- b r [>< nnc;~bc'\,rC

Letter to TB Patients byEvaluardjuk

Evaluardjuk Titiraqtangit Aaniavimniiibmut

6.'-b (-E'.e fj,,(!,....:>i"~~L Cd,.I>-.!- ing a photograph. It is a picture taken atjinik naksiujivunga takujaujumaa­ in Igloolik. I am Evaluardjuk, but qai­ tunik. IgluIimiuIi asinginnik atjiqu­ LJa-b• !::l'- ....:>c-I[>('""" C--"c-l> , '~L ~r~CLL. C'~ 'bl>i"Lcr­ like this: lvaluarjuk. si Evaluardjugaluarpunga kisiani ~--,,~L P~~--,,L' "<'bL hear it through letters, and from peo­ tunik Evaluardjuk ajurtaunirsaum­ .- Q....C- C 6...D)' [>~--"cr'''I>­ hospital bed, it is best to obey doctors akaunginirsauIiIugulu taima nain­ LL'. P~L Cl>,.I>~'bL and nurses. The only reason medical nirsaummat. Tawa uvannut titi­ ~rcr'''l>c---"J--" CLl>~cr­ people send you to the hospital is ragumagutsi imanna atiliurpappun­ Cl>L because they want you to get well. ga uvannut turapaput: L '''I> L '. C'~ I>~~-D' nn~JLJ'~ Although you are in the hospital for a Evaluardjuk, ES-S4S l>L ~CL '<'>~L I>~~-D' long time, think of the positive side Igloolik, NWT )~<>'. of it; you will be happy to return Via Churchill, Man. Evaluardjuk, ES-S4S home and you may live longer. Once Tusarpakkama taqanartualummat Igloolik, NWT you are well and back home you'll be aanniavik. Titiqatigullu unikatunilu Via Churchill, Man. on your own again.You will no longer .tusapakkama unnit taqanartualutiI- 15 "c... 'r'Lc-'LC )~'<'bL

C~bO-~)<]...)LLc o-b)o--" )~<'bL I>~- a- c C~ba.... ~)r' no-'. Pr'" -"r' "c... '<'b'r' t.c... 'r' r"bt.'L c...­ 'r'L~'LC Pr'­ J'. C'~c- "c...'r'Ln"-"r' C'b- CL~)c....Jc- o-n< a-­ ~~r...,:, .6.....oc-~...)nc >~....:>Ja.....6.?6\Ce

a....t>d<- ~c-c-c 4Q.c- <]~b?6\ C A~Ct>­ '<' t.r'L'r'~cr and thankful to the government for akunialuk aulatsimammata kisiani r"-" l\C'b?~O-t.'-"o- 'd7c-)t.~­ helping you by spending a lot of pijunaitiaqujaumut. Tavvali aullarsi­ O-c-'-"r' L~Lo-' 0.. C ....0 a.... "'L....o C Hi'"L-.I­ torium in Hamilton, Ontario. If Hamiltonmut aanniavimmuarsi­ 'b'a-"<' P'd'L'Lc nn'i/;\I>'d'>J'. you know their names, please majut. Qaujimajuqanirpat kikku­ write to Inuktitut. umangata titiraviuquvugut. 6 "-or'. Pr'''1o­ come back looking healthy, while if akuniunirsailu inuulir/utit puvalu­ L~L 'b'r'<' "11>c...J' "1PJ-O"1')­ after tuberculosis patients and people tillu, anijumalingaaruvilu anivallutit "1-0',' c... 'r'L~'>r' with broken limbs. Only doctors are sininguarpagunnairlutillu. Taqa­ o-'p'bn"1'.>r'-0 bLr,.l>'n"1'.>r'-O. capable of treating them. Medical nartualuumaaurni surlu pitaqarun­ 'dl':.o-""1...'>c-'.>r' "1'r's<'>r' people can help patients try to get nair/uni qUjalituinnaliriusi gavama­ well, but if you are not treated you nik akitujualummik aturpakkatsi r'CLI>~c- L~L >~" 'b'r'<' -0)"-0 may not regain your health. Inuit ikajurtaullusi. Kisiani gavamaqan­ "1'L-O CLI\r'L,,' 1':.-0"1",1':.­ know how hard it is to leave home gippat aulapakajanginnatsi kisiani r--~b"or«c ~b....o~b 6b~rt..'<]'­ help them, and are very thankful for atur/usi aularsimavakpusi niqiqatiar­ that. I know that you are aware of all lusilu kamagijauttiarlusilu. Quini­ L,I':."-,,' ~') this but I'm just trying to help you jualuuiirlusi angirrapakpusi sunau- "1 I> "c...c... I> 'r"-00- I':.c-'"dr")­ c-?~CL'r'LC CLI':.C 1':.c...1'" 1':.-,,1':.' CI':.L ~CL 'bl>,.L"L-,,"1' I':.r'L 'bn"1)' 'd,.c-~')' (,bCL S-O"1'n" -oJ. 1':.'--' 'bl>,.L ~'L 'bl>i'"L,.,r'~o-' nnSS-O'L Pr'''1o- PI\'J1':.,. I> n'b'd"-Or' 6.c-c~o..cr-c <;bt>~Lc....""Ja....,J""rc.... ""L 1\ 'rc... 'L. Pr'''1o- CI':.L ~CL "1)rc­ "1'bS'C 1>~'L...'>~o-' "11>"c... 'd,.­ I>JL "c... S,.SL >~ -O'dL-O~o-' 'b....oJ6,Q.a....'b J\JL. 'bt>r--L ""rbb- -O"1'>'L "11>"c...d,.I>JL "11>"­ c...S,.SL >~" -OdL-O~o-' 'b-,,) 1':.­ ~CL '" I\JL. 'bl>i'"L'r'b-O"1'>'L "1~o-"16\" c...1>'r'L 'r~CLL Pr'''1o­ )L,'<'bL CI':.L ~CL. feel better about being in the hospi­ vali gavamaqangippat puvallutullu 1>00'b'L,'b'rcCLL I>d"1 I':.c...' tal, and I am not saying I know better ammalu napisimajut iluarsaijiqan­ t>crb6c;~Q..cr'\,L, l>~Q..crb l:::. ..:JC-- than you. Even myself, if I had to go gippat qanuq ikajuriaksanga ajur­ for medical treatment I would go. I nammariktuq. Kisiani iluarsaijinut ',I>C)'bl>'rc...'L. 1':.'--' I>~o­ don't know how it is to be in the hos­ aaqiktauvattu aullalaungilluni 1':.'1\"1'", 'bo-r;"o- CI':.r'Lo- pital but I hear about it. iliqusimituiirunnangimmata tama­ -DCL 'bc...I>'>'L 1':.-0,,"10-. 1955­ I don't have much to say but I will ita ilagiit Inuit taimanna qaujimaju­ In"-oJ "11>,.'d' C~'Lc...I>'>'L tell you about an experience I had. I galuat isumaqatiatut qujaiivaktut used to live near Arctic Bay, where taqanaraluartillugu. llaak qaujima­ o-l>6\'n'b)J' 1':.'r'S""1'b)J"-O. there were houses. In the summer of vunga qaujimajatsinnik titraralu­ -"c-"1'CSL C'~o-c-'>'L CI':.L'L' 1955 I moved here, where there is a arpunga kisiani kipinguijautiqaqul­ 1956-l>c-'n"-OJ I':.b"''L Hudson Bay store as well as lusi ilitsinnit qaujimalaanguna­ o-l>6\n-,,'. I>I\'Ld' CL'L' 0-1>­ missionaries. After I started living sungilanga pingilanga. Kisiani with my wife I became a resident of taimanna aturiaqaratta uvangaluun­ 6\no- I':.b"SL Cr'L -"CLI>' Igloolik and started helping the store nit aullaqujauguma aullarajarama ?CLI':.'>'L CI':.L'L'. manager. Since I began working in puvalukkumaIunnit qanutuinnaq I':.c... "11>,.'d' CL 'n'r'I>'b'CI>~'>'L the spring I haven't moved anywhere piguma. Qaujimangikkaluarpunga 1>,"1'd' "11':.6\'r'I>'bCI>~'.>'L-O else to live. In the summertime I aullaqujauguma aullarajarama pu­ occasionally hunt seals by boat. In valukkumalunnit qanutuinnaq I>P"1'L,'" CdL,l>c-LC 'bo-)' 'b,.­ the fall, when walrus are visible from piguma. Qaujimangikkaluarpunga n.."1J' I> nJ I>~'L-O 'dc...l>- aullaqujauguma aullarajarama pu­ '-~ 1>7Cj'b-J. cr.....:J t><]""o...J- c vallukumalunnit qanutuinnaq pigu­ C'~ nJ CI>~'L -"CLc-- rna. Qaujimangikkaluarpunga anni­ avimmilaursimanginnama kisiani 0...... 0 nJ Once we were hunting walrus by boat, close to shore on a windy day. uvani ikpiarjumi qanigijaani taisu­ ~o..~' ""~'. r'o..~'<' !1dL­ We chased a walrus toward land and mani nunaqalauarpunga ilujuani. c->c ...D~bb)~b <]'Jn~c...... J bCa..- as it got near to the shore it tired and 1955-ngutillugu aujakkut taavun­ 0-'.;>0- !1dLc:-~' <~L,~7~L, " " 'b7f'-C~ Pr'0- J'. c. back on shore. takusaulirnata qaniturni qajariarnut C Qulaut made a propeller out of upalilutigu uvangalu Qulaullu Uji­ wood and we started toward home. ralu. Anuraalunilu aungnamit tavva !1 ~r''i-.!~o.. ~r.;>c C P-.!o- J' o- C!1Lo..bc...~". to make another propeller out of tigu nunaup rniksanut. Sunauvva C'<' !1<'~" wood, and then try to continue on ikurnalivut nuqatuq angutivullu t::.'- ...Jc-rt>c"b. home. katannirluni ikurnaliup paugaujan­ It was a shame we didn't get the ga angutinga ingirajunnailliluta. walrus, but it couldn't be helped. Aittaalulaurpuq aivillu qanigijakulu­ That's all for now. anuariuta nuqariutalu kappianala­ urpuq qajariagguarlutalu kisiani qi­ juarjurnrnik angutiliaaluni Qulaut pauraujaliuriuni angirrautuinnali­ upugut. Aittaa aivvagunnairluta. Anuraatualummallu parugasukkalu­ arluta ingirrajunnangiluta agumut. Kisiani sikumut tulaluta qijuarjuru­ lurnrnik sanajuqaluni angirautuin­ napugut aittaarnrnarialuugaluaq ajurnarrnat qujana unikkasatuin­ naulirivuq aittangulauraluariuni taimanakalauq. nrl An.... 1961 December 1961 Tisipiri 1961 Levi's Story by Levi from Resolute Bay (originally from lnukjuak) Levi AlIatangit Livai Vlasalummiup allatangit Inukjuamiutaviniup

l:.L' /\c...I>T"'L 1>00'br'~'L. 6\~cc...SL r"1 r'0-0-c-t><:"c....d c 'Plb l:.!\'r'L'" o-<'bc-'LC l:.Lc-',J'L 'Plb L,~" 0-'­ Vivuari 1956-mi mikigianik takusai­ c'rLLo-' I>l:.Lc-'SL <'CLl:.r',J'L. gama aullarama atausikmi sininiasu­ l:.'rSr'LL 'Plr>' n',Jo­ I will tell you what happened to me nga, nanurama iIluliurama, ullakut ' ),'r' once. In February 1956 I was out qimika ipirsimajut nipiqalirmata checking my traps, and shot a polar anigama. Uimalirsunga qimika mar­ CdL'P' r'T' 'P,Cc-6\ir' bear. I built a snowhouse to sleep in ruuk nittangimmanik uimalirama /\,J')' 'pL,,',J'L l:. 'r'Sr'LL 'P'-D' When I woke up the next morning aipanga utirsuni akunipaaluk ingir­ Cd7I>L' I>'Lr")n C -oJ, 'Plb my dogs, who were tied up, were rasunga. Nanuup tumingit takugak- CL'Tb ASP' l><~<...... :>nb a...... D~Jc. making an awful racket. I went out­ kit atausirmit qimitaliviniit pisuktut side to see what was the matter. qimaajualuk takulirakku. IIaisiJaur­ 'dP'r'c-'L '. panic I harnessed the remaining dogs jaumat unngasiktutiIlugu, qimika Lc-Lbd l>c...... :>C-L~b ~Plb a...... o'TJ- and rushed off in pursuit. After I had tamarmik pirakit upasiIlutik nanur­ been travelling for a long time one of mut. Qukitsianginakku tuqungimat L.....J<]c, bLr7I>JQ.a....I:1LC Q...... o'b the missing pair showed up. qimatsiluni qimit kamagingilugit qi­ c...c-',Jo- l:.bl>'o-o- r'CLo­ When I found the bear's tracks, I majualuulirmat. Maligakku ulluli­ /\,Jc-',J'L 'Plb

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...,:)LL C rc- Lc-bb(Jc-~r7bb. <;dc-­ • • CS )')7'" 'bJnr~,JJ 'dc-CL • 'b'Le- LI'~~~,J'L. CL-D" CLLl7­ side indicating that a dog was run­ • t><~LLC • t>LL' bC',J'L Le-c...­ ning madly after the bear. When I • ...:>LL' ~d e-t>'b C'b'Ln' t>n?L­ stopped to untangle my dogs' traces • they spied the bear in the distance. I c-'SL ";'bLlLL t>...:>' A,J'bL d'empreintes juste acote, indiquant : unharnessed them and let them run Qu'un des chiens suivaient l/ours avec· e-n.c...t>'r')'L. 'Plb CL<,, t> n- off after it. It was the bear I thought I magijaugunnaimata nanuq aulaIir- : c-~CjcC t>Q. ....oLe C<;)<]"';c-"L C had killed the day before. I obviously suni ikaurnini sitamani pisulirsunga • 'Plb b",«!' CL-D' ),'r~e-' hadn't shot it properly, and as I slept qimika angujakka maniitualummat • it had taken off, ignoring the two suli manikkanilirmijakka. Qulitara • CLLlLI'. ),'b CJ' LLC dogs that had pursued it. tuktujaq qamutigisisugu qulitama • ~e-JLc-<)'L "t\ ALL All afternoon I chased my dogs and qangani iksivasisunga. Nanuq nai- : CLe-)LI~CL'" they chased the bear. Rough ice made jaummat katatsunga upasimmata • rlc...<;cr~c,J(J..:J ALL' C"br"L...:J it slow going for me. Finally after four manilaiummat siku niukka taqam- : manik utirumalirama suqaimma ul- • LI~L-D~'L hours I caught up with the dogs. I Le-c...LI' <,J'L Le-c...LI' " ...:>d' A,Jc-SL ,Jc­ picked up my parka and started walk­ mata sinigumalirtunga saviqanan­ c (JfLc....[>'rc,)'L .6.r"a.... 'L.....Jb- ing again. galu pigama qiutuinnalangatsun­ AC'b'rLL'. t>...:>~~'L from walking over the rough ice. I pimmat taqasungalu manilait hadn't eaten all day. I wanted to go ataanut isiganuvanga iniliursunga 'L. ~J home. manilait ataani sinigasuasigama "<...d' All my dogs returned to me toward qimit anunginnik aliniqasunga 'PLc...t>'"Cb 'L. CLlLCL t>e-­ when they caught sight of the bear's pisummigama qamutikka tikipakka tracks again and got jittery. tiiIiusivunga aliappunga. Siqiniquti t>~e-. 'b>'L "t\ A,Jc...­ When my footprints became lost 2-muartillugu qamutinuarama ip- t>SL -DCLI' Lc-'b...:> t>e-b"J"...:>e- C'd'. To top everything off, I had no knife

o and the weather was bad. I was sim­ pasaq ullakut qimalauqtaka qamu­ ply going to freeze. With my feet I tikka imilirama nirisungalu aliap­ dug out a hole under some rough ice punga. Taimataga unikkapunga to sleep in. I used dog harnesses for a uvani. Saviqanangalu pisulaurama mattress. nunamik malikkaluarsunga pinan­ It was bitterly cold that night! And gulu unikasamulluni taakkua ikiput. my dogs ran away. I started walking again, looking for them. I still hadn't •••••••••••••••••••••• had anything to eat or drink. I eventually found the dogs, and after a long walk arrived back at my qamutiik, at around two in the after­ noon. Was I ever glad to finally get something to eat and drink! So, that's what happened to me. I walked for miles and miles with no knife, following my dogs. ••••••••••••••••••••• 'Ct>c...t>'rJL~' !:J.-D!:J. c -Da...... Lc- -Da....cr'

b t>~dL!:J.Q.c-~b)l·C-~b 79 'Ct>LI C- Biggest Fish

"

••••••••••••••••••••••••• '( • . • Aujaq/Ukiaksaaq 1968 • , • • " Iqaluk Angijualuk • • • Anginirpaangujuq iqaluktaulaursi- : majut Inuit nunangani nunatsiarmi • uqumainniqatuviniq 79 pausnik. : The biggest fish caught in the Taanna iqa]uktaugami aqiarumi- • IO~...:> Cb?~ "-')L...:> ,,-I:;' "cr c... t> "J" ~c...1:; 'Jn ...:>J. The fish was caught in Great Slave laingutillugu. Inuit nunangata : 6-D!:J. c ..Da.... 'LC LeL'rQ...D c Lake, near Yellowknife, in July. The gavamanginut tunijaulaurtuq Inuit • Northwest Territories Government )o-7t>c....t>~)~b !:J...D!:J. c ..Da...... LC nunangata kamisinamganut Hodg- : gave it to Commissioner Hodgson. It blc,,-'L-,,' I'C H,,-I:;I...:> Cd'''t>nCt>cr'L. <3 L.J ClIL'L' iLc...t>n'd' standing through letters I have Maanna taimangat qallunaat nuna­ lI..,~..,', )Pr'~",<3LL received from Inuit. I have received t>'b<,<;L nganilirama sunatuinnarnik takusi- I nn<;t>r'<3'<'bL lI..,~o-' <3'?-r'r'­ good-humoured and joyful letters as malirpunga. Ammalu taimangat well as unpleasant ones. Jo-'. 6.e...-Q..a- ~d~"r ) crc.. ...,J. LQ.a.... n....D- the differences between qallunaaq pakkama inunnit atjigiingittunit. lI' )Pr"d~'b 'b".JiL".J lI..,lI"- and Inuit ways. Here in the south Ilaanni quviarnartunik qiksaaktunil­ people have less freedom to do what lu piungittunillu. Maanna Inuit tuk­ they want, even though they are qal­ lI..,~o-' isiquvakka qallunaallu inuillu lIrL'r'ro-'"t>LLC <3-<'­ lunaat. In the north if Inuit are hun­ b iliqusinginnik. Maani qallunnaat ~a-~[>~<>C ~b<".-.:Io.... 'JL....:l7'b'rJ' P~I"...'>"ir' money to buy it. Here I have seen gut amisut anigurpata. Inuit qallu­ L...:> 71' who is sick may not be looked after. akiliriaqapakka kiinaujamik aaniav­ iL' He or she has to pay. If a woman's immiinniralu niriniralu illugijaralu JJ"-'Lirc-SL r' <1',,- 'L husband has no money he cannot namtuinnarlu aiqattarnira tamaita. pay for her hospitalization. At the Qallunnaat ajursaluarninginnik 'be...:>iLl' Cdr'Lc-'>'L r'c...1 same time he must pay for food and unikkaarpunga tamarmik tamaingi­ r'o-'<')' P,,-1>71'

' /','LC P,,-1>710-' seen different situations. I have seen I> /', 'L 'bI>CL' P,,-1>7/',7S7'd)' JJc-J 6. e...... ,:,e-...,:, e-'pbL,e-...,:, L,' r' ~'r)"...'>­ "ire L~L'd"o-'.

'>'L 'b"...:>iL' 7'b'rJ'. /',JJ/',"c­ /',b'''LC L",,- ~'r')"...'>ir' /','L'b I>e-~iL)' i\nCI>- enough not to have to pay for our e-c....[>')C Pa....[>7e- b Pa....[>71..£)c treatment now, we may have to in the future. Since I came down south I Pr'c...ncl>c-c... ')' ~'Lc-'CI>" ment, food, rent, and transportation. ~be...... ,:,6....C ..£)a.... "bLo-e-c;L C6.L"bV I just wanted to explain that there ~,,-)/',",,-/',' ­ are some poor people in the south, b although they are not all like that. If 71 e-rLe-c;.....:> you have any comments please write. 6.e...... ,:,r7c;...,:, a....J)6."-a....~...,:, iL' <1- \,..."br"-e- b [>e-bb'>"bL CL ~Ib C6.- L/','rJL...:>" )Pr"di')/',",,-'>'L. C'd'r'''L. •••••••••• • ••••• • ••••• • • • •• • •• • •••••••••••••••• •• •• • •• • ••••••••••••• • iL' A homeless person in Ottawa. You Atuvaami angirraqangittuq. Qal- JO"- 'Lo-II>CI>...:>o- need money to live in the south, lunaat nunanganimiutauluni kiin- P,,-I> 7 'bf"L"o-' and a lot of it to live well. aujaqariaqanarmat, amisualunnik LPC'r'Jrln 1963 August 1963 Ugusiti 1963

8r.- a. (T <] nC[> (TC;b Dinniatitauniq 1\ e'-r.-a...C;) <~b Pivaallinartupaaluk »c- l>'pcj< "bC>,.J'rc <;b"-- ~ 6.... <...... :> Education is Inuit uqausingit qallunaallu uqausi­ t>"bC>,-I'p c 1\....:> pc ,,'L. LI..i>'bn'b bnLe'Cb by Putulik Uqittuq naq isumaqamimata. Kisiaruli ilun­ CLIL '''LI~c..'' Llr'L'biLe. Pr'c..r'~c..r'<}'L. know share my opinion about it. But ullu qallunaangingururapaka tau­ t>~J( 1:1~....:>C "b'--....:la....'--....J I do not know whether other Inuit tungit atjigiingummata. Atunillu LI-»LI"...:>. LIe' LlLLlc--i'L think the same way. uqausiliusuta. lliniatitauniq pivalli­ We, that is Inuit and qallunaat, are nartupaaluk ikajuvallitupaaluk in­ LI'rc-r'[>"...:> [>LlJLli[>"...:> 'b...:>­ all human beings, but there is a lan­ unnut sugaluqkutigitsugu allalaqi­ c.. 'J,,'i'J'r' [>'b[>r'c-[>r'e. and French and we call them qallu­ piungittut. lmailivungali ilinniatit­ .6.~cr(J<;b I\~c.~a....<;)<....:>b naat because they have a different sijit inuktituurunnatuarutik piulu­ arajarmata. Tamakkua iliniatisijut LI-»~ appearance. We all have our own lan­ Llb-ie"c-J<...:>' -»' r'L...:>"d­ guage. I am writing because I believe inutuinnanik imailijut "una nr'r'J 'rJ'. LlLLlc-­ tant, and it can advance you in many Nanituinnaq qallunaat inuttut ~'Lc- Llc-~,,...:>0.- [>'b[>r''' ,--~'b,,"- more capable and effective,and has luni. Inutuinnatpiarait ilinniavim­ t>L7"L c ". O-cr)I:1~a....<;b "b<-...;>a....( more room to manoeuver. There is mualiramik pingasuujurtunik 6 nik nothing to stop qallunaat from learn- ukiuqaliramik uqausuirnik qallu­ naatituurtunik tusariusutik, alla­ gusinginnilutakugiursutik, upin­ naranilitukisingilay qanuiliqujau­ giaq naluvut takujariumut. Tamaani nunatiniungituq suli akukittuni tamainnik uqausirnik uqausiliinusutik ilaak tusasugit takulaursimangikaluarsugit, asuila­ ak ikajutigiamik isurirusapaujaalu­ uliqkut uvattinik. Uvagulli qanga­ likiaq taimailiiarajaqkita? Naluna­ qpuq. Inuktituurturullu allatauvat­ tunik Atuvami takulaursimavunga ilaak takulaursimavugut maanau­ gunnaituq Miari Panigusiup alata­ viniginnik imailijunIk "Inuit uqausirminik piqaqput", suurlu uqausillarivut sunatuinnagu kam­ agijaungitullunnit aulatsijunut. Im- •••••••••••••••• • ••• • • • ••••••••••• • ••••• • •• ••• •••••••••• • • • •• • •• • ••• • f:j"c-~b:.?,,-~C)<;b !J.JJcn)?Q..a....c....[><;c- "I wish my teacher could speak "IIisaujivuttuq Inuttituurunnalau­ Llc-"',,"[>cr Inuktitut, so I could learn more rIi ilisarnisauniarama ammalu J Pr' ...:> 'L. and understand more." tukisianirsaulunga." 11-"0')' I1c-~,,­ ing Inuktitut. Although I have no for­ t>G\~b'rc...c IJ...DO-..o c • e­ mal education I would do my best to help teach them. 'L 11 b-.!'ir''CL 'd /I-.!~CL"c-­ When children are six years old LrL!>~ J' ~~,,' ". 11-"O)I1~CL' /Ir'<;a- 0 <;b<- ....:Ia...nj'i)cro )~rLt>- Although I have never seen r'n', Cdr~'r'n" Kalaallit (Greenland Inuit) I have ~ /I ~CL 'i"c- )pr"rc...' 'b-"O11 c-'d­ heard they are more advanced, and !>~r~' Cd!>rL~J'. help each other better than we do. I wonder how long it would take us to cLcr ...oa....ncr[>""rJ<;b rc­ become like them? It's hard to tell. I, maqa niriunnaraluaqkuq tairnaili­ 'bl>r",,' as well as others, have seen the issue viksanik qangatuinnaq. Uqausirmik ~'b~r'e-~~r'n' 11'--' )~r'r' of Inuktitut, written from Ottawa by ilisijunnatut ilitsiniarmata, ingilisit­ Mary Panigoosho, that says "our lan­ Cdc...~'r'L 'rb...:> "PC? CL"':>CL ">". never mind use it. Language is avail­ gunnamijuugaluat uiguititullu able for anyone who wants to learn, IJ.....obnjC;)cr ...... :I eC)cro ingillisitillu inuktitutllu ilisi­ whether it be Inuktitut, English, or '" ';'...:> l>'bl>r'"c...rL~' r'CL~n~CLJ bLr!>I>'r)" ..;~,,' c.... cr'....!..oc. .6,LL <;b lJl"\...l>Q..a....- 'i...:>

.6,O-a....<;b. t><;bl>r'c;r b .6.c-r~a..Q...)C .6.c- c rcr.6.J.6.nJ'- -1crc, .6.....o cnJ<- ~a..(lc

<;b....oJ!J.o..a.... <;0. <;b'-....:>a.... c .6.L.6.c-~c rc-c....rL brn b "b....Ja....nJ c !J.c-r'~­ 'b?" l1'r"c-r'­ )"...:> 11-"O'n)"...:> I1c-r'-.!'b?" A[>o-C;<[>~C;b. (La- ....oo...na.." bCLC, C'd...:>- could also say that knowing Inuktitut nasaugajarturivungali taimalirpata. ')rL ~ 'Lc­ tant. In Canada English and French galakka tuinaringitakka ilinniangig­ CI1Ll1c-'P

The Woman Who Went to the Moon

Ningarijaugajuktuq

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I C"-a....j~lo a-"bL,rL71>L,~lo)~lo o-"bL,- rL71>LI j" 1>l>'LJ" l>r'L-O)<1_y LL c, a-"bL,rL7I>lofL,f c... ~ PC~J". 'P)'Ld-O" 'p<1n'b'C­ ningarijaugamiguuq uingaguuq "J-O <1"o-'b"o-?L"-00- I>'Lr'<1c-­ isumalutualummat ningarijauk­ migami anilluni saimarsaluniullu 'ilJ" I>n<"" Cl>La...l>c-I>'i1J". There was once, it is said, a woman kialunilu putjuarpak&uniuguq qi­ I> l> 'L <1o-'Lr"r'b"­ who was often beaten by her hus­ tungakuluni qiatiqatta&ugu an­ o-<1'-.!<-O"o-'. Cl>L"a...l>c-I>'ilJ" band. He was an ignorant and bad­ nikkannirumalluni ungasisialirami­ <1r'l>"c...J" <11> c... "0-, <1 I>"c... l>"- tempered man. One time when she guq utipa&uni Taimaniliuramiguq a.....,.:>a- [>"bL,~)c...C-.,.:>a-. had been severely beaten, she took uinga anivattinnagu ungasiksikkan­ her baby and ran out of the house to niarpalunnit taimannailiuramiguq ~ c... ~~ J~lo 1:1 ~/\ ?~b) r'L"-00- Cd-.iL'-0" l>-OI\?J' knew if he ceased crying her husband aluni. Tunisuangummangataguq [>"bL,C....oc ~~~.,.:>a-, J>'n-OJ Cl>L' np'ir'<1nr"-on"-0 a...J><1- sometimes changing her mind and jualulutik isiatigillutillu nanualig­ ~~I.J~lo ,Ja....[><:'~ ~....o"-"bJ~bCC~)C returning a few steps. She wandered guq sunauvva inunnguqattartut isi­ l>r'<1nrLIJ" <1 'a... "C'b'"n' to and fro in this manner for some atigigamik uqarnaqtaqar&utik il­ l>" -O'bnr"o-' <1 L LJ" P'JLPJ time, until suddenly she saw a large luqatiginnik ammaguq kingugakigu P"bJc-~<"bJc...~a- c-~lob LfC;a- ~ ~~)~bc-rL ~~lo Thinking the igloo to be deserted she ivuq tuluriangaguq nivingakalak­ )....JrL a-. [>~bc-- decided to seek shelter in it for the &uni. Uqalir&uniguq ullumiguq '"o-J" 1>"-01J" r'r<1'i, '-.d<1n­ night. The passageway was so large sugiarami sakuatitualugami sauni­ she did not have to crawl through it ramiguq unnuguq tuluriaminik )<1-OL, '-.I>o-'ilJ" I>"J>J" and she found the air was warm. The tavvaliguq taana qitungakulua b C<:'~c-J~b ~PJ- J....JrL'bc...)o- )'-.c-'il <1CC­ polar bear skins, and cooked meat giar&uni atatalagiatualuumaguq c...d-Or<1'"o- <1ccc...r<1)<1...'>LJ" was still in the pot. qaninga matuqautur&uniuk taima­ ~ba-"bL L)~b[> )~.,.:>a-[>b )~d~c-~....J- At that moment she heard foot­ nna tuqulluniuk takkuaguq taiman­ steps on the snow outside. She seized na tusaramik nipimik nalatsiaqala­ 0-1>' Cl>L"a... )'d"-00-1>'. C'd<1­ her baby and hid under the skins of &utik nuqkartiar&utik taimailin­ J" Cl>L"a... )'-.'i" 0-1\1' a...c...­ the sleeping platform. From her hid­ galaurtiguk nipuratatut nirivalaur­ 'r'<1'bc..."n' J>"b'n<1'"n' Cl>Ll>- ing place she saw two bears come &utiguq inillakkamik siniliqatin­ through the passageway. When they gillu taksumaguq kingujasimajua­ c-"bLc:....[>~nJb o->C;CJ c • a-rL~c:....[>~- stood up, they changed into women lup nalanut kinguanut ijirnirami .,.:>nJ~lo 1:1a-c...c:.... bbf b ~a-c-~bn"brc...... J and hung their bearskin coverings up kilukinnirasuniuguq tukirjuumiqa­ C'r'LJ" P'J7r'L-.i<1-O' a...c...J>' to dry. Next came the sound of heavy tatalugilirmagut qaujijaunianguatu­ P'J<1J>' l>i"o-'il P-OP"o-'ir'"I>­ breathing and grunting and another juinnaguq asuilaguq ularu&uni large bear, with yellow belly fur and a ullarumat makikaqatigimigamik ni­ j" )P'~"bCC-Orc-'LJ' 'bl>i'7­ huge tooth hanging out of the side of majulir&utiguq sujualutaururuna 1>00<1'J<1)-.il>"a...j". <1r'l>c...J" its mouth entered the igloo. When it unuaruq qiluqkisarami tautukala­ I>c...? "0- 1>"c...?L' LPb'bnrIL,' stood up it turned into a man. He tuqai tautumipaluni unnuaruq "'L-.ic-',,nJ" r'-.!<1-OCI>??a... shouted that he was hungry and was qilukqinnami tavvaguq qaujijauna­ angry that food was not ready for sugilluni kapiasutualuli&uni taima­ 1>J><1?" 'P-o"P'-.'i1 CI»bc...)'bl> him. guq anguti anitillugit arnaguq CI»,<-Oo- 1>"J><1?" 'P-O"P"a...1 takkuaanigilutik taqajualugamiguq Ci'71>a...r'r"-Oo-. bl\<1­ akiqaniriar&uni aulajangailutigut r')<1-Oc-"o- Cl>LJ" <1'Jn <10-- tagga tamanna aulatjaktimmagu nc... ~rc c...7'L l>-OnJ' CLL CL"a... c.... C7 bnL LJ. Cbd,,"'pn" ...:>n' l>,,"'pnr'Lc...t>\,nJ" thought it was home again and was malaur&utiguq aulajagiakautigijuk. just about to call his father. The poor Tavv.a1piqialutik aniktik taima kikirasi c...7rnr'<1'. C~ NPn' woman put her hand over the little maqangilitilugiguq tamanna qitun­ L PP'ir'L'b'rc-n...:>rJ". face to stifle the shout. The child gakuluni akuliqataranu akuninga­ CL -CL 'P)'Ld...:>a- struggled to get free so she held on nut qipik&uniuk aniluni naugu­ b JLCJ" o- c...­ child was dead she could not suppress Angirrausupamigamiguq tikinami­ "':>0- P)'Lo- Cl>L' 'PL'.:>o-t>' a small cry of grief. The bear-people guq uqaq&uni nanualumuguq iru­ ,''b­ stopped eating and listened. She was laurami qitungakuluaguq paijata­ .:>a- CL-<>r J" l>a-c...t>'ir 'P)- certain she would be discovered and ulaurmat uqa&uni tavvaliguq lay as still as possible until they

'Ld...:>7'Ct>c...t>'L' t>'b.:>o-. resumed their meal. When they fin­ C'~c-j" C'dr'rn' ", 'P)o-t> CL-<>-­ The male bear's sleeping place was 0-' CL - -<>JLLr' "c...J" )r­ almost where she was hiding. She was 'r' )'7'.:>0-''<1' C~'Lt>Lr' Ca....J~b ~P)"'L­ managed to stay out of his way, though he pushed her every little d~cr,.-)cr CLt>J~bPc...c.... ~)t\CL~.6.c. C~~c-J~b When morning came, all the bears t> l> 'LC 'p)'Lra-' P...:>d'r" ...:>a-t>' dressed in human clothes and began a-"'LrLCLC~b ~P)"'Lcr to eat. The husband finished quickly, and putting his bearskin on became a '\ 7Ct>n)l>-CL'LJ 0-'Ln..7t>rL- 'J". 'LJ" ~o-no- d,'-Oo-J' J,'c...- ('"""'>'b ("bp t\,JLL c t>.6.'L "P- takkua tusaramik angutit pasaisi­ o--OJ". C';L';C-1>,'7C-..>0- CPrLJ­ gia&utik saqituniu nanualunnik c nannugumagamik. Asuillaguq ) <) -' C- c;: ~ ....oJ<;b I> n....:>o- t> J<;b to each other after the husband went kilukungilluniuk ningarinataluar­ "6,Pc....t>n... C" .6.PLLJ<;b a.... "pen... c...... :>_ out. The hiding woman thought it alugili&uniuk qitungani paijatauti­ b L crt>b <-c....,.-1n c....?n ....:I 0-[> b. was safe to come out. She was stiff tuinnarmagu ningarijaumigamiguq ,;'rS'bl>nc-rL­ from lying quiet so long and wanted anisujalimigamik tamaungaguq to stretch. She stood up with the bed sanitiaminuar&uni kusulimimut o-J". C,;L ~O- ,;'rse...I>'c- o- bc-Sc...I>­ wives were terrified and seizing their qialuniluguq taimailisujalir&uni s...:>n' bc-S?o-e...I>'>' bc-S­ skins, turned back into bears and gal­ taqqiritualuluniguq suliguq pam­ ?o-<'..>n...:> bc-S<'..>n' ,'O-I>n'. sadly placed her dead baby on the ­ "Vuataria vua, Pualukittuq", qiviak­ Cd 'bl> nc- ..>o-J" ';-D~ -DJ" sleeping platform and went home to larpaguq tanaliguq qimusik tautu­ npc-">' ';c-J" C'd j" o-n' ,'O-I>';' when outside and people when ravakarniguq uqautiliriva sikungilu­ br...:>6\"':>rL 'ibt>nc- ...;>cr[>J,b C~eJ<;b ....0 a.... I ....Dc returned he was very angry with his pak&utik takuaguq uqautili&uniguq npo-'. ,;nr'Lc-''J" ,;r'Ybo-JC...:>J" r'~c-I>...:>o- ';O--Oc-'bJ' I>...:>'...:>. P'J"LJ' the snow, hoping to die. The moon ravamigamik ammaguq inunualirivut ,;r'o-" C,;L nr'c,J' was shining down brightly and she niuviarakatigijugu nuilakitut'ikuluit ,;S6\r"bCJ? nr'r71>c-S,;L, looked up at it and cried out: "Oh, sunauvaguq uluriat ammaguq ingi­ nr'J,'Jc-?o-J" " J" -Dc-J". ~'L ,;'rr'6\r'd7'L-D know, but she was awakened by the sound of a dog team approaching and taima tisisaartu alu irayjsiqatarturuuq ,;nc...'>" 'dO-rL S';...:>J ';-O'bnr­ a man shouting "Whoa there, tisigijauliraigami tisigusutualuliru­ ...:>n...:> P...:>'J" Cl\b L'P'. bnL- Pualukittuq" - and the team stopped. niguq agganiguq nanuisiningit qila­ rJ<;b 6....:><10- ~C;:bdrcr drC)<;b She opened the one eye that was not mi atagut supualapuq ajukisuttHuni­ 1\ 'bCj" ,',,6\0- r'1>,,'bJ" nr'J,'dJ<;b >JC-,J

b .6.r'''(t> c.... <;><;b t>....:>cr ';-D...:>J ,;'S6\'r' ';...:>n'. P'J c- n " b'LI>7'b...:>o-J" ';I\o-...:> " Jo-rJ C~I>S- 29 "Get up and lay on my qamutiik", iluqatigilutilu kilumiguq tapika said the kindly man. "I will tie you so marruuq katigamiguq iluani siiqku­ you do not fall off. When we are trav­ mini qumittuq piqataguuq sujuvina elling do not open your eyes or you siujuarumatulikia uqatuq tisigusu­ will be frightened". pamulia imailitugut taimailingajuq Soon she was lashed securely to the sunauvaukua asuillak isivalilunilu­ qamutiik and heard the giant crack guq pugutalugu isirtauklarpuq ulua­ his whip and shout "hiaa! hiaa!" to lutaqarluni inulugu irravingit ilu­ his team. They were off, and only for naik&utik. Kingulitiangaguguq isi­ a moment was the trail rough before tuqaniaqulipuq kamigaujaqaluniguq it became so smooth that she could ipiakalunilu avaluqarani isilarpuq

not hear the runners. She opened her tunigigu tasauralu&utik iminiguq good eye and saw they were high in uqausiriluni (pamajaja pamajaja aija the air above the settlement. The kaujajuaka iiii tunijaaka iiii pamaja­ next moment it was out of sight ja pajajajaaija). Taimailiutualulu­ because they were running through niguq mumisivalunilu tisigusutu­ the clouds. aluliramiguq anganlguq nalsitilu­ "It must be the moon-spirit", she nigit supualunilugu tikualuni pugu­ thought, "Surely I am dreaming" ­ taluniguq tigualakamiuk tauva ikiat­ and she fell asleep. She was awakened ualumma uqa&unilu (nanuralitalirit by the sound of happy shouting and nanuralitalirit) aniluniguq taima when she opened her eyes found they qaisarami tavvaniguq inuqali&uni were passing through a large crowd of tanna taqki uigili&uniuk qulaqat­ people playing ball. They were run­ taramiguq kangimiguq qUijagami ning and leaping after a ball made taikunga quvisivalnui quvivigiqat­ from a walrus head. They shouted to tataguq tanna amatualuluni taunun­ ) the moon spirit but he did not stop as ga nunamut ituaqumaguguq tav- ....:>..:>n b .6.r (}J~b [>~b[>rrL...J() he waved to them. On and on the vaguq kutangaguq itualarpuq uin­ «L77 7 bI>7" l> l> l> ) c- 7 l> l> l> < L7 7 thousands of strange little people. jatualuguq takanna kuniangujaju­ <7777) Cl>Ll>c-I»...:>c-J" They had big heads with shiny faces &unilu qiahinilu nuliani iqkau­ J, r'~...:>c-...:> nr'Jr')c-S,J" showing through the circles of fur on maluniuk urialaurpuruq tavanna su­ r'n"':>c-r' r'>c-...:>J their parkas. Their arms and iegs were juru kakkua amarujartut ulluriat so small she could not see them. The alalapu alalapu ikkuaguq uriartan­ ndc- >JC...:>c-J" nJ' qamutiik did not stop but passed on gani nutarasaqaliramiguq taqkit tav­ CI>~ l>P'L I>'b",c-...:> through the crowd. va nammaksimmata anivisanga (a...... o'ic-Cc-rL C a...... o'ic-Cc-rL c). On and on the qamutiik flew until nammasimalirmat taqkiuguq uqau- c-J" Cl>L 'bl>~S, C'~- they came to land again and stopped before a giant snow house that had a (}J~b .6....o~bc-,..)(} CQ.a.... C~bP porch on the east and one on the I>l>rc-",c-I>' 'dc...'b'CS'J" west. It was the igloo of the moon­ b'r,J" 'dl>7L, Cl>d'L 'd6\­ spirit. IIWhen we are in the house", r'~...:>c- 'd6\6\r'b'CCJ". C~CL he warned her, "do not laugh at any­ thing you see. Alarge round bag of ...:>c- CI>-,,'L -"CLJ' intestines will come in. If you laugh

l»" 1>l>'Lc-J" Cb~CL cut your intestines out and add them to the bag. If you feel you must CL'i J" Cb~CL mouth and blowout as hard as you d(}cr...J ~PL...J(}[>b [>rL looking hags. They had no intestines, l>'drLJ" tures warned her: "Do not laugh, do I>'bl>n...:>c-I>' I>c...'d' not laugh. Look at us; we laughed, l>"...:>'bc-?6\' 'dc-' I> r'l> 'i'L' ­ and now we have no intestines and bc-~;bCc-J- we are slaves to the bag." "This woman shall be treated as 6\"c- I>'dr" ~~<...:>J 'd7CL c-'P- my wife", said the moon-spirit. C~bnQ.a....J c .6....oQ.(}b crrL e""r<- ...Jn "Bring her some meat to eat". She 3 had just begun to eat when a huge bag of intestines came rolling into the room. Behind it was a funny, bent, skinny man wearing huge kamiks on his feet. His kamiks made coloured footprints on the floor and in his hand he held a whip handie. He was J~dCc....c.... Cj6\c l>~bc....l>nc.. ",,=>o-t>J~b. talking to himself and singing a tiluniuk aniguvinai ulakkut illugali­ ll­ strange song that the woman could ruvit qulit usuirangat alukanipalap­ not understand. The woman was at usaqatamiapara kaliraiguvilli ,-">' 1>1l'LCJ" ' overcome by an urge to laugh at the ukkusit savapalugu qujana niqitaqa­ npLL' i\n·, strange sight, but remembering the tinnagu inunnik nirivangiliutit 0- .6.",,=>c-7l>J­ warning, she put her hands over her tuqutlalaravit uqalautiliuniuq asuil­ "J" 1>"1., 'd7I>L~"I.,?- mouth and blew hard while pointing laguq aqkarami angira&uni uirninut her finger at the strange pair. The uingataguq alianaigiluniuk tikim­ La....o-J~b ~dc-c-?L).6.Q.a.....,.Jo- <;d'-c-- man seized the bag of intestines and mat pitiarululitainna&uniuk asuil­ c-'i,J" ' I>,,-I>L~J ran out of the west entrance of the laguq imilluni ilulijaujuguniguq 'd~"c·~" 'dc-'L-">' 1>1., 'rL' lld­ igloo. uqsaqujaugaluaramiguq uqsaru­ L,J"I>' l>'dr'"J" I.,'~c-,,-~ b-.i- The moon-spirit and the earth­ mananiguq qulilirumatuinna&uni C-.,.Jo-t>J<;b. t>C-f\..'-""=>0-",,=> woman now remained alone in the qulliliramiguq aqkigiaramiuk unau­ igloo as husband and wife. She was galugu quvililuni qulinganut us­ ~C-r'7-.iC-.,,,J" very happy and was treated well. In angimat ikumasuniuk ukkusiniguq PJ" one corner of the dwelling there was savvaliriva kajuli&uniuguq ulirillu­ CllL ~"- i\~'d~I>'LJ 'd~c-"J" a hole used as a urinal. But this one nilu qulisijajualunigu apirijauli&u­ was different. When she looked niguq kiap nikaitumarit qulisipit ',Jll'i'L' through the hole she could see right takiuguq taimanna pivaqulaurmagu t><;"'~bcC<;o-dr-lcr....=>J down to the earth as though she were qulliniguq alukanipalugu ursuiran­ I.,~JL~I>'LJ I.,~'i'I>J" llL,,,' looking through a tube. She could see gat ursaqattamiarpaguq ukusinilugu t>c-<;bcCa- ~b. L, CllL ~a... i\c-- Nearby were a group of peopie play­ taimanna piqujaugami taimanna b <;.,.Jcr C.6.'L crt>b .6.....o'rcJ- Thinking about how she had been taminik nuliani niriquluniuk inun­ L,' i\'d'r.,,,1>', 1l-">'i71> ,,'1­ treated, she grew angry and spat gittualmmik piqungi&uniuk inura­ down upon him. As the spit fell jaunirali&uniuk njnga&uniguq C-.,.Ja-l>b a-'L.,.Ja-J~b l>.6.J<;b CL frozen, the tag players ali stopped and uiguq taga ningaligamiuk ingiquin­ ,,'Lc-L,I>' ll'r'dll~,,-c"LJ looking up, shouted that one of the na&imagu asuillaguqnasiqanganj r'71>~" stars had defecated. usijauluni qulisili&uniuk nirili&u­ ~dC-~C-...Jo-t>b a-f\..C-.,.Ja-t>b. The woman soon became pregnant niuk uingataguq nausituinnar&u­ by her new husband and when the niuk niriniarmangalunnit asuilak­ I> II 'LCJ" a... I> r') II ~"- ' .,,,1>' c end of her pregnancy came he told guq niriluni unukkullu nirigami o-n....a-Q.a- • cr l>~bd'-....:l o-rLLr earth, because mortals could not be takujarturumjuk qitungariguq tuqu­ a-n....c....bdJ~b born in the moon's country. She was ngajuk taimannaguq taqkiup uqau­ very sad to leave, but the moon-spirit tilaurmagu tuqulalamagu uimjnjk Cd7')'i,I>' 'P)'L,,-J" Yd'L-.i' said he would provide for her and the angutanganik nirittailili asuillaguq C6L~a...J" C"PI>' l>'bl>n~I>'LJ child always. He promised to keep her tuquvuq uimi angutanganik )'d~~LJ I>ll',,' 6,

When her real husband heard this he was quite jealous and very hurt because she would not share any of his catch. "You should eat nothing from the hand of the supernatural", he shouted angrily. She was trying to be a good wife and it is hard to see a man humiliated. At last she agreed to eat a small bite of seal meat that her husband brought to her. After she had eaten she lay down to sleep. And so it happened, that because she disobeyed the moon-spirit's request, both she and her child were found dead in the morning. That is all. 33 Spring 1973 Upirngami 1973 (jGbpb,J ~ ~ [>< The Eye Aaqiksuijiup ~b~Gn"bLC in the Sky IkaJurtingata nnGbb"bL by Nicholas Arnatsiaq Titiqanga crdc.... <1'0.... c~ <1< Nicholas Arnatslap Allatangit nnC;'b c""r c

C!1~CL "la-'r' ''In'bnc[>--!'' Anik, the satellite is a wonder. It is a big eye in the sky overlooking every b [>~6c...[>na-c...... :J c ci..c...t>na- cr/\<;bn - Canadian. I realized how it has r'Jn' [>P"l" 'dL J"l'nc[><-[>'J" brought us doser together when I <;b....o<;b /\a-'L bLa....<;)<;b Ln....b phoned home to Igloolik the other ("l--!l,!1 'JLfL "l...:>'). C~CL "la-' day. Here I was sitting in my room in Ottawa and talking to my parents. No ..i~a-' [> "l7'b'ia- 'ba-CiL' JL.,nr'­ wires between us, no poles. Just our c-fL "l'l, 'b[>i'<-[>">'l, "lCC'd~-,,' voices bouncing off the sky and com­ fj"C- ....:Jc-rC)....oC <])<:,rc t><;b....:Jb,J""L, ing in loud and dear. C!1L a-/\'?' C!1d'l, "la-'J' Who ever would have thought of Tainna Anik-mik atiqatitaujuq television in the small communities naalautinik uqaalautinilu nipiqatit­ "l!1'b'C~n' [>~n-,,' npl,r' a-/\­ of the north? The Anik era has made sigutik ukiaq qummuaktitaulaurtuq fLJr'''l'J"...:>n' JL.,'L.,[>n"lJLfL "l...:>- it possible. If it affects the Inuit the qanuq pininga kamanartuq mari- same way it has southern Canadians aluk (ajugaittumarialuk). Taana Anik uajaqaraniluunit qanitarik tujatisili­ rianga qaujilauqpunga atatakkun­ nut Illulimittutunut Atuvamit uqaluksunga taima nipivut taikunga Anikmut aiqattasutik uvatinut tikigamik nipirutisiangullutik tusasarsautiatumarialulaurtut. Kinalikiaq taisumani isumanniqa Inuit nunaganit inukituit anirami tarijautitarunnarsigajariangit (talav­ isarunnasiagajariangit) taanaqallu­ naat nunanginni aturtaugusigivat­ tangani Inuit nunangani atulangap­ at atuinnausimajiggigiaqatavut (par­ nasimavigigiaqatavut). Taanna talavisa atulirpat Inuit nunangit takutuangujapaniarunnai­ ~ mata, qanuq Inuit nunangita asingi­ E nirmiut piusinginnik tusarsautigi- ~ valirluta takuvalirutta talavisakkut. c Kina Inuit nunanginni talavisak- kut tautuktaugaksanik inunulinga­ junik aaqkiivalaqka? Uvagut Inuit kisianiuvuq. Asivut inuungitut Inuit piusinginnik tautullugit piugun­ we had better get ready for it. It will natunik quviagijaugajartunik qauji- be impossible to remain isolated from events around the world. We will be exposed to other cultures and values right in our own homes. Who will be responsible for putting Inuit content into television broad- Pr'L" !'>r'L ~,,'b !'>..,!'>' ..,..,PJ!'>' nC?~cL' ..,Jr'r~'C'L"

D....DlJ. C ....co- "Go- <])c....""L ~ r' Lr 6\ rr

c c Cc....G\~ LC, 'b..," !'>..,!'>' ..,' '!\I>r"r~,,' J~'~l>nr~c-'...:>c

Cd~c-?'C Cc...6\~'d'.

Pa.... tJ.....ol::. C ....Da.... ""r"-a- Cc....C\- ~'d' CI>J'CI>L'~,,' !'>..,..,c-'L­ ~a-b eJ c b.....D6 c Pr'~". -,,'rJ' !\I>r"r~,,' !'>..,!'>' CI>Jc...:>r' casting? Who else but us! Inuit con­ majangimata talagsami aturtaujut­ !\I>J~L7'J,,' tent can be meaningful and beautifuL sanik titirariusariaqapugut, titiraqsi­ 'bl>rL7'rLC Cc...6\~1 ~'­ We must develop our writing talents. majuit talagsaup aulatauninganik ~,,' nn'ifLl>~fLJ', nn'i"­ The script is the basis of ail programs, miksanut aturiaqatunik aturnipau­ some of us must become photogra­ mata. Inuuqatitta ilangit atjiliurijin­ r'L~!'>' Cc...'~I>' c...CI>,,'L,,' phers, singers, actors, playwrights, gugiaqalutilu ammalu tarijaraksanik I'~"" '­ and producers. Our young people pinguatitaariaqasuta, tarrijaraksanil­ LC. !,>-,,'dn'C !'>c... 'r' ­ must learn to operate the technicai lu sanajisatariaqa&uta. Amisunik fLi'"'Jrn...:> equipment needed for both sending tatsuma talavisaup miksanut qauji­ and receiving. I was pleased to learn majaugiaqatunik iliniariaqarunnair­ CfL7'i'~,,' !\'J ~' summer. I'~"" 'bl>i'"L7I>rc-~­ The eye in the sky will soon be beaming its message right into our J~­ ,,'>'L houses. We have to give it at least 'iL C'r'I'L <1"'1' ~..,- part of the message. Q..a- b D..C-Q..o-<]%no- b 7t>c.... '\,L.~r !'>c-~c-'< rbL..-O D.C-Q..o-

~p 0- n.... Pl>bd C 1976 Winter 1976 Ukiuq Tuktoyaktuk Memories Tuktoyaktuk by Bertram Pokiak Itkangit Life in the Mackenzie was much differ­ Taptoma •• ent years ago. Bertram Pokiak heard Bertram Pokiak Allatangit )b)7c;)rt>c from his grandfather ofthe way people passed the years - oftheir winter and .6.c;b bt> L~ C summer festivals when the entire popu­ »c;L >PP<1<;b ....0 a.... 'ib'ib)<;b )b)7'i)r. details are confirmed by Felix Nuyaviak ....oa....Cn'i)'ib who is 85 years old and remembers those early days, This is Mr. Pokiak's ' C'ecr -L>CL'LC "cr- story. <10- "be... ~a.... C CLo-c....r>'inQ.a....rc

....0 a.... "'l"C. (bd<1 r>o-bbn....o-<1'i("fc In the Tuktoyaktuk area people lived -L>CL'LC. C'd P'J )')!>-')r~' (pokes) in whale oil or seal oil for 'ibL "b'ibCc....t>")c. -r )/\'b)n'. /\ne-~'G\' ngaktak N.W.T. Ela atataniktoa of the Beaufort Sea, the people used inukuktanak tavrani itchimaroak 'bCc...~')" "CLr'L 'bCL 'b)n /\r' the winter season. They had flint . git kavroat nonanganon. Tavra taina stones to start their fires. L1'b...:>L1' >'r'L!>-~ec...~')' 'b)r' 'Pc...... :>L~< ~'r"Lcr)n' ilisangit. Atangminit ingilikoan. houses were made. The sides were Tamatkoat koliaktangit Felix CLnr cr~...:>cr ~P~ J' covered with mud and more logs Nuyaviam taptom08Sni otokaotiki­ r' were piled on top of the mud. The roam suli itkalavlokit sivolikni op­ roof was then covered with sod. Each 'P-,iL1' r'CL'Lcr)' L1L~< 'd"e-J' loni. Ona ova Mr. Pokiam koliak­ house had one window and it was l:.dL 'bCc...~')' ~P~'d' )~-L>­ toanga. Taptoamani Tuktoyaktoomi made with the intestines of whales or inungit inuniksoat ivrolikni iglooni !>--L>' ~!>-S-L>' l:.p'-,in'b)n" bearded seals. They also used these okiomi suli aminik topiknin opin­ l:.dL 'bc...~'n~CLr'. intestines to make parka covers to use kaani. Isiksivit igloot savak toa­ t\cn'ibne...~J "pQ.a- b, a....~ro-­ as raincoats. In places like Tuktoyak­ niksoat konmon paoklogit napak­ tuk, when ten or more families were "o-b "bLc-t> "bcCc.... t>'i)C L'iC;r b lokit kaolikiokit aminik isuksivratni­ liVing together, they also had one big 10 nikinikio. Ikalokniklo taina asin 'b)n' 'P-,iL1' 'be-n-)r' L'­ sod house as a workshop and also as a ovatakpangnon natsiaom amianon S~' 'b'L-L>' Cl:.L 'de-'L 'bL'L­ gathering place when they had their oksoliknon kikalokat oksoanonop­ holidays. C l:.'-,ir' 'de-...:>J. 'bL'r' rdC~ec...~'r-,i' would be from mid-November tiil oyakat ingniksootikivlokit. n' CLcr )')!>-')r mid-January. No one worked during Tavrani kiIOOkaktoami ivroliknin that time. Even the women were not IO'J!>-...'>c'-' 'bC'Jnr" l:.~...:>r c-C;.6.LL c. ing implements and also for the lotik ataosimik tamna savaktoaroak medecine men and women to cure a igaloakani keelelokatlo. Okroitio "Pb?Q.a.... 'ir'~c....t>'i>c r'''Po-'ib 0-­ sick person,"praying to the devil" as /\Ll:.LL' Pr'n'ir«c npe... ~'J 'ipn- a Christian. 'Lcr -L>G\L--L>

•••••••••• • •••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~'be-LLe-~')G\cr~, -ec...[>~)~b n', ~)~b [>bl\c-~~Lc-~)a-. spears to kill the whales. The hunters kivlokolo asln kativikivlokolo taima

c had a wooden tube to blow into the songisakarning...... a- -OQ.'J'rQ.o- 8-08 ~O-- whales between the blubber and the Savangisakvit sakotivaktot sikitnik 'La- -00- ~ba-'rc ....D~bCC~)nb d< meat to make them float. It made nipiman silarnin asin tainailoni siki­ ~'L-,,' ~rr' whale oil, the same way that smoked gamin. Agnatonon mitkotinik aksik­ b7 b dc ~Pc...~La-dr' >')' C'dL[;' mafrost and covered with logs and aniaktonik nakoktiniaklokit. Kinga­ ~L~' [;"b'L-,,' C[;L [;c...o-)­ mud. When it was cold enough to kloting toangakmon. Atatakma ~a...O-a-6.... ~-O( ~Pc...~La-)c-Lr' ",?n'b)n' 'Pc...... :>L~' The fish nets they had were made pangitnon omiavialokmiknik. ~L~'L-,,' r"/\...:>r' C[;L' Lo-. could not leave the nets too long in itkanaiyakoting kilalokakniakak­

>a-~nb l..L c. the water because they soaked up sikamik. Taimaasi kilalokat tikitmata water too quickiy, so they were never ekniyakloting pangitni kugit angotit left in overnight. Some people who aolakpaktot kayakmiknon asin on­ lived inland used fish traps made golokit kelolokat ikatoamon. from willows. Some people lived year Ikalkisilokit asin tokolokit inokiak­ round near freshwater lakes and all tonik asin kalikokit inokiaktonik the way along the shores of the sinonon inirniknon. Eskimo Lakes. They also lived in sod Tapkoa naolikanin tolilokit ikika­ houses. Further east of Tuktoyaktuk, lokat. Tavra angoniaktit korookrnik toklooramik taima poviklohgo ok­ soalo nikianlo akongakon pooptak­ tilokit. Taima halitsikiaksivlokit. Taima nikinga paniktiloko ilanga totkokloko nasikmon avatkpakmon oksolikamon keelalokom osokanon.

• cr~P""L. D.c- .... L. crbdc-~b)rC >.... ra.....L)c o-PI>J cL" ...:>J. lines, and skin buoys (avataks). In kingnikrnon nivalotik kikramon o- 'Pc...... :> LI> , about the centre of the line they used asin korookniklo makarniklo ma­ ...L)a....t>< D....J...Jcr ~d. I>pl>c-L" 'd"b'CI>r'Lc...I>')' A!>-c-', ...:>r' Nuvoguk (Atkinson Point) about toorot tuttot evalongitnik. Taploa !::J.crc-t>~...Jrc ~b""L.C~crb ...L)a....J c 60 miles east of Tuktoyaktuk was the kovrat imaknilkoitkait agitchuplok­ central place to hunt bowhead it. Iman kilaim tapkoa onaomi ')' close to the shore. The skins of the mi inoniak paktot kogit savaptoatni i\S6r'L'~cr' ))J'. beluga whales were used for boot atokpoktot sapotinin savakakokit 'r')' 'bl>r'c-C...:>-'l .... rC)c. !::J.c- 'r< different sizes. They also used bearded Tapkoa suli inoniakpaktot ivro­ ...L)a....f ...L)a....c-rcr c ...L)~~bCc-- seal skins for making lines, usually for likni iglooni. Nigiigikani Tutoyak­ )' 6 'b...:>o-I> no-' ~a..r'L'' coated with seal oil. angooniakloting Agvikkrnin ki­ ~o-" 'bL'b'b'Cc...I>­ There is a difference between whale lalokaniklo. Tapkoa naoligani no­ ')' )')!>-)' bo-r'ro-~'Lcr 6L­ oil and seal oil. Whale oil does not vakpaliknik mamakoak. 'LC 6ncr~'Lcr ')' dry up so people used it to soften •

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• r'?r'd...:>' a....c-a....t>< i'L' 'b'C?L ~J'. tograph of the young child hold­ majuqaruni titiraraviuqattaru­ ing the ptarmigan is labelled mavugut. "Unalina's Daughter". If you can identify them please write to Inuktitut. 39 l>1L~'ir'c...o- b . PCT' C~l>c-n'Lo-' After the whaling season people sokaililakota kikalokanon yaokari­ r'bLlnn~' c-r'L\.-'Lo-' 'Pc...... >­ would have summer games including ploko. Taima asin tokologo asin ka­ V,, Pr'J days would have two qajaks, one for vakmi taptomaton 60 milmi nigika­ chasing whales. This one was long na Tuktoyaktuuk tavra tamna akvi­ l>o-J -"'Lr")b"c...1 Lo-'C'L C'dLLI' because it could hold meat and cari­ suli amikiplokit omeanon asin suli bou skins. kiminon anolioklogit. Ilokatik ak­ "'bCc...l>')' "...>n' Caribou hunting was done from loonat aningitmik savaktoaniksoat. bl~ -,,', l>, r"...>r' late August till late September. The Alaskit aktilangit Okruit aklonalio­ 'p,'rc...> n'. n"...>. )')' ')' l>'r'nr'L"...>n' with bows and arrows when there Ova sui alakiksok keloloaklo nut­ a.... cn[>< [>~""Lo-b. was no suitable water to drive them siklo oksukik alikiksok. Kelaloakam Cbd< a...n .. ...J [><;- into. When they could drive them oksunga Paknaklolaitsuuk Inuit r"r' Ll>' l>'r"L ~c...l>')" bl~-,,' 'P)L'''l>- row from the leg bone was stored in a kayanonio keangitnon kamiknolo ([>'- -'cr. a... cn[>< [>",-I'L sack made from the outer skin of the kakliknolo. <0-'-,,"'JL' ~c...l>')" caribou heart. All the bones, includ­ ing the leg joints, were pounded 'b\.-'r·-D' LlLL'\.-Ll'dCl>"...>o-

P-''r"-..D c <]LL...J bra....D c • "Pc-...,:,Lcr<]<;G\b ')' r"bo-P"l>n~')n' 'b\.-'d'. l>L~'­ r'l>'bl>o-'r' L'?~o-' 'b\.-'b')' vo-l>nr"...>­ nQ.a.... <;)J <1.6. «'L <]'\'rcr<;~[>c.....:)(T )')o-l>nr"...>J l>r'JLL' )')c-')' l> P~c...l>')' "...>n' LI...>Pl>c-"LI' ~c...l>')' )')o-')' /\r"r'J' LlLo-l>'r')" )')o-

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 'd"c-I"c- 'bc...'r''''iLl~o-'''LLn-'. "This cooks much better than a "Qullimili qalaatsisarainnirsam- qulliq." marialuk." Kelalokakniangarkaming Inuit ki­ tikiakaktot tamatkoninga kayakto­ kaorirkloting angoniaktikpaoroak malokoknik kayakokpaktok. Ataosik kelalokakniakonak, asin takiroak amitsoak atokpaknikat kayakto­ kaorokamik. Tavra alasuli angingak­ loko savaktak asin atokloko angoni­ akootikivloko tutunon aviki asialgo­ man nikinik aminiklo. Tuttooniak sakpakniksat Augustkapaloknionlo Septemberamakiopalokmanlo. Taima naichoat minkolikit elopa­ kivlokit turuoroat silaliovlokit. Tam­ atkoa pisiksivia!oknitlo kakroval­ okniko tutoniak pakniksoat ima­ knon ongoorungvikinmon. Taima asin imakmon ongalakamikin kapo­ tinik atokpaktot taimatotaok atira­ nik kelalokakmakotiton. Tamatkoa )l»crl> [>a...cr ~)C 'rc J')< >Jr' used for almost anything. People ganik omatim tutooni. never killed more than they needed Elokainik saoningit kaoklokit. >c-[>Jr' 'Ln'L­ and young hunters were taught never Ikavlogit painikioklokit. Sona ike­ 0-". C"do-c-L 'r' 1\ 'b­ to kill more than they needed. Each laichuk ivlongit tuttut suli atuktot n"-or' CL'J'Jr' tribe in those days had a leader or somolika Inuit tokolsilaitchut ato­ chief, and what he said went. The laitsumiknik notat suli okaoyaoy­ [>Jr' 'P~7[>7c-LC. caribou were so many in those days akait tokatsailopkokit atokminai­ Pr'o- 7vnec...[>'r'LC CL'.r'Lo-. that when the hunting season was tchuanik. Katimalimaktoat oploni J"j< L'.~-O'r' ')c. hunters never to chase the main ramik asin okalakmon aulakpaktot. herd, only to get the ones that Tavra tUllot inokiaktot. Tapkonani t>L -'!Sr"'LC CL'.r'Lo­ strayed away from the main herd. oploni taima angomaknaksiman a....LL,J)ll "-a.... ')0- 10 ll~,JC)C llc-cr­ The reason was that when the main otokanaisa malikataakongilokgit ec...[>'J' t>L -.!'d7[>c-on' herd was chased they would move to a....LL)crb• ~a....C-C 6.c.... bdC - another place maybe fifty miles away and that was a long way if you had to ~T' 'LC J~n- walk that far on the tundra. C[>C -on'. J'J' 'LC In mid-September the people CL'.r'Lo- J'Jo-L-.!'­ moved back to their wintering quar­ ~[>'n' 'b[>'7[>e­ ters. They put up fish for their winter use. In the rivers they would get c....[>~)C ~ < 7 '([> ,'Vo-'~J'. they got in both places were pitted -"CL[>< and hung on racks. Some of the her­ rings were smoked. We still do that nowadays for eating. Before the other fish were put into the pits, they were gutted and the slime Wiped off on the grass. As soon as it was cold enough to freeze, all the fish were taken out of the pits to freeze.

• • • • •• • ••••••• • ••• • •••• • •••• • •••••• • •••••••••• • ••••••••• • • • • • •• • • • • •• Idlout was a master at using the Idlout qajartuqtilliarvaulaurpuq. qajak. 41 I C6L I>pl>c-L' 6-D6' -D'n'­ Geese and ducks were taken in the inokiakpaktonaik, aklan avitin­

c b o- n spring. They got the geese with bows giakoplokit inokiatoanin. Tavraki L),'b....:>Q.crc t>pt>r CJrL7t>'b cC'c,..­ and arrows, and slings were made inokiaktot malikpakit. Ailakniaktot with bunches of small lines tied ongasiktiamson 50 milemonloni. b c <]'Jcr- • dLi b. 'b....:>'b C'o-<]'- together at the base and weighted Taima malikiksaktoni ongasikpala­ Jnb• /:). <;b....:>bc .... rC t\CnC-<]"'Jc-',Jn b with stones. Agoose was brought sivlotik. Omani kitikokman Septem­ L ~"- 6'b...:>6' 'd 1>1\~'V"i 1\71>'b­ places for geese had fresh eggs to eat okiomi atoktaksomiknik. Kugnin 'CLI>'i-.!'. n'i~c...I>'i-.!' !1 ....:>....D • l:::.....o- one feed were stored in sand to keep Tamatkoa taloyaktoyaktot kugoni, 'bo-r7'1,0- I\PI>'bt\- them cool until they were needed. suli takiomi kaaktanik kaloppaktot. When the geese were moulting the Tamana igalokpiochuk Beaufort 1>' L ~o-c-'J' iL'Lr'1,6'- people only got enough for one good takiona. Elokaisa igaloit kingmik­ LC L""r c J c feed. Agood chief in those days saw pakait nevingaklokilo iniviknon. >"b'CI>"...:>n' 1>7sLc-J' r'S76J­ to it that everything they got was not Elangisa isiksikpakait paaktat. Suli r' l>0-

b e animals or birds. Further east, where mopak nikiksanon. n • CbdD..7c-'n<- ....:>r fish-eating ducks were available, they 5ivoani igaloit ingaloiktokitlo niv­ 6... L LJl:::.Q.a..'Jcr b I\-ec....t>')c. co-a.... stored them in sealskin containers so goiyaklokitllo eviknik. Taima -D"- ""':>0- 7I,n'd­ that no flies could get at them to lay kikingokakon elakaitnik anilokit r-ec....t> .... rC)<;b cr'Pcr b )'d­ their eggs. These containers were left kiknikmin kikitsirootikiologit. in cool places. n...:>L-.!- The people also got ptarmigan in b b o-b. (La-....=> in'cr /\C'b'r'L71>~c...I>'J' ,,-'nl>' patches of willow they used snares 'Pr''''Lcr b 'd(...... :>rc• and where no willows were available they used fish nets. The way they used the fish net was to tie the bot­ toms down and use the narrow poles to hold the nets up. Long lines were tied to the tops of the poles and then the flocks of ptarmigan were driven toward the net. When the ptarmigan reached the net the hunters pulled on the long lines and pulled the net over the flock. Cbd<] >~~L~.6.c cr<-c-a....cr ... L....o c After freeze-up each settlement had Kingolo suli kaokolo pivakait 6 c-~ I> r' L ~ c...1> ')'. jigging places in the bays for herrings opinayaksami. Tapkoa kangot pi­ and tom cod, and also for the big vakaet pisiksivalokmik kakyomklo, 61>6' 'I"i\"L'~' I>P. 'p"<]~crb .6. ~b....=>cr[>ncrb repaired the old ones. In the Tukto­ nanon. Inuit inoniakpaktot mani­ yaktuk area sieds were only about likpikni kangolo kaokailo nutamik erI> n' 1>...:>n ...:>r' runners from the jawbones of bow­ totkokpakoet. Sisokomon niklin­ c-<' ..in'b)r' 'P"~c...I>')' J C'dC-C-' mud on the their runners. Ataniloatak oploni taimani sulika .6. ~b"":'7~t\ ~b~bcCc....[>~Jc .6. 'b....=>7~Jnb In mid-November, when the sun iktitailitpakait. Ina ikitnaksilakit c...~')n' b-Ver'. I>P disappeared over the horizon, people takotaeliplokit nikyotitlo timiloito. 'i~er' I>PI>J' ~c-~)­ got together and the big holiday start­ Taiavanikpan tingmiloit igaloktoy­ ed. Games of ail kinds were played oit pinalmatha totkpakoit avatokpa­ n' n" )')~'), 'bJn'rC CPer­ teiiing. No one worked during those knon pitailiplokit kitickoliksaeli­ 'r' 61>'1 ~Jc. ~[>cr'crb <]Lt\icr[>< <]<-­ over the horizon then ail the houses ilivakait. were cleaned out to start a new year. Tamatkoa Inuit suli ikarikpakitot c-?PI>, 6'"n­ fawning season, geese season, whale oyoami nikaktokloting suli okpilia­ 'b)n' L''il>'r'),". season, and so on. As soon as the mi kovranik otokpaktot kovrik ma­ C6L 'pn'Ler 1>6\'1\"-1 people had returned to their own tot. Isungit pitoklokit amitsoanon places, the ones that could travel got ayakotanon kolalo atola asin kolal­ ~~Po-'b cr/\ ~ er ....=>n<-....=>, [>o-bb'J<]cr<-....=> [>crbb'- trout jigged through the ice. Each mon. Tikinmaron kourak anganiak­ Jnb. Pa....c-L b I\c-r' nc ...:>J. C6L r"Per" I>n- e dogs from their neighbours. The lakes vaktakpaktot ikinon kaotani suli 'i«e ~bL "'r ~...:>L'~ 'Cl>erCI'. C'­ aguat okioksiotinik anokaliokpaktot d ~ c...1>'L C angotit atoaksangitmik, suli angotit e notaniklo onialiokloting oniatikik .6.c.... "'r f in'cr<]'t\b. 10 savakivlogit. b e ~Pc...... =>Vo-n~Cjib <]LL....=> .6.c.... "'r e laktilangit. Taima agvikit saonikinik r' Cr'I>' ~er'. C6L oniakanginiklo aklokakpaktoat kiraolnik kikioklokit onianon. Suli okiomi mukaniklo evraniklo aklo­ kakpaktoat Novembaaom kitikop­ mon sikinik talinmon silamin inuit katikopmon. Savanisaorakpaktot ki­ tikpakton ilanganit nikimaplotinglo

= koliaktoalotinglo salvaechut inuit. Tauma asin sikinik noeman silami iglooting salomakpakaet sakotiploni nootak silo tatkaililakmon atikoak­ pakaet ilam nokivik kiangikvik kila­ lokagvik tainataklotikit. Taima inuit otikamik enemengnon ikloolaroat itkanaiyakpakktot emakroakokloat­ ing. May asin kitikakmon inooniak­ loting iglolockpalikami niksiklakik sikokon. Elakit tasaasiklo malokok­ miklo kimikoakpaktot taima damik­ min atokpaktot. Tatsi IS miles kisian takeomin. Tavra elakit tiknamin tatsinon ilatilo evakait aulchoktoat. Tavra oniat naetloting kilikatikiksit­ pakaet malakaklo pingasotlo taotsi­ mon kingoliluksitaklogit. Otokart inuit ooninpoktot ininon paiploting nikikakloting. Okiom savanisalviom ilakonginik. Kilamik notat angoma­ ktin tatsini kalokpaktot taima asin kayokloting otokanaonin pieroanon suli inginola atoaksomiknon otiko­ mik opingaksomi. Taina otoakait Inuit oonokmon passaoseakpaktot keroknik atoklokit alaotikivloket naosaotikiologitlo. Taima inuk tokaman ilokaitmik sokaotingit ilovikativikpakpaet omi­ npC...:>J Lt, t,'b...:>crc...~')n" r'di. C'dr"i -"~cr' L'?cr -"~cr 'Pi'b)- families who wanted to go out. The piplokit. b n • 1:1r- .... rc... ~ t,Jc-rv take long for the people at the lakes )r'. C'dcr'r' 'PLC­ to get fish so they would send the t>~c...t>')' .DeL'rcr 'PLt,6\t>...:>n' young hunters back with a load of fish for the older folks that stayed t>Pt>C-~a-b (J<;Pcr b 'bCc-'LC C"d~c....I><;)C 6, <;b...:>Q..crb. [>Q.....obd' evenings would make shavings out of wood, which they used for wiping C'dr' their hands and also to start fires. ~eL~c...t>')' t,'JCt>cr t,P-cr6\ 'C t> 'br' t> ncr i , nothing left from the old graves. c 'b.. 'r ...:>, 'Prc-L 'n6\'icr 'P- r'i)~t>LC collectors. t>~~...:>Q.crc /\.C'J<;bcC<;)G\a- c

PdJ,6. Cl..a... <;...D'. LIl 1982 May 1982 Mai1982 l.aapatuarimint rI ~ c- b" C;b Unikkausinguangit c.... <) <1n.. r~c Labrador 8~8C Inuit Poems c ~ a- b b ~ rI ""J <1 ""r

I>PI>< c...o-'L Ukiup Aulaninga [>Pt>~c- ~b. qiksaananikikpuq. Appigingilagit, t:."bL~bc.... ~'i6\C tavvairrutjauguvit. Winter, let's get divorced! "c...L 'r'd6\' Ukiurli avilaurluk! Your parting, truly, )<~/';'?'7I>J6\'. holds little sorrow. t>Pt>~c- ~....Jb! I don't care if you distance far, far away. If you don't leave, the spring thaw shall destroy you. You, winter, let's be parted!

Traditional Translated by Rose Pamack 4': d ~A"L" )rr~~ My Stupid Little Gun QukintikuInga ~/\"L" )r'r~~. My stupid little gun Qukiutikuluga pinasuarutikuluga /\"rL,"; my little weapon for hunting. illirilarpara When my little eye sees the little L ~o... 'p'J'!7'n'<'L take up my stupid little gun qukiutikuluni, <-c.... ~G\ b'" ~bc-~C;"I>L,'. I poke the nonsensical little bullet sakkuarjukuluga qukiutikulunnut into my silly little firing machine. ~~'L 'L. puukulukpara, The disobedient little sights qukiutikulumma turrautikulungik ~~ir"c-. l'>c...~'r'dL of my childish weapon iqungautijukuluuk 'p J'r"bC~o...'L. are misaligned. sunauvvasakkukuluga As it happens, my seemingly )"'C~,,L"c...>'L suuqaimmakuluk useless, worthless little bullet 8c-'...D c a.... c..C-bC~C;. puijikulugami hits its true mark, ajaikuluk, qukiutikuluga the uncounted, unaware, angusurtukuluk insignificant little seal. William Kal/eo Reason to rejoice! My worthless little gun knows how to kill a seal! William Kalleo 'dP~nd...:>L Translated by Rose Pamack 'dP~nd...:>L /\o...r'L , D.. t:..c-n-c... ~<'i - J'/~" ~- >l'>i'd...:>' l'>i'd...:>LL .... Mi(. ,."., < . CC-d~bb L 'dP~nd"':>~-D' >d...:>'<~.

'dP~nd...:>LL )'~~nd...:>'r' l'> "d'L~n"d-'" ?'ii? .: r'o...~'~ L,'dd...:>L ';'bl'>LLd...:>' >l'>i'd...:>Lr. d...:>'. 'dP~nd...:>L '.

._'-- -......

_ ·f· ..

. " And to Whom Shall I Bequeath Kinami Inuqalaalirpan My Dogs? Kinamik Inuqalaalirpan And to whom shall I bequeath my qimmikka dogs? Inuksaqangimmata nobody wants them. Kaapa nakasukiktur, Copper has a useless bladder; ugianngutialuk Aputik the other has a broken leg katigamik Charlie barks too much. uumajurtut nujuartartut Snowball fights to win. ugiarsisuut Together they kill, inutuujumik like predators, the one who travels alone. Rose Pamack

' .. ; .

'.

Upirngaaq Tusugivara

Upirngaaq tusugivara, aUjarlu pijumisaq; maana qingutjartippanga aasiit aturninga. Upinngaq, tusugijara c-.....:... _---,-",-""",,,-,,",:,...,.,-..' - . angijut mikijullu ---.,.. ... aullarviksaqalirraangat, uvanga apitillunga. Unnilli, ilaungikkuma qimuksiqataunanga, Wishing for Spring tUjurtaujumallapunga ilingnut nalliktarra I have spring cravings, and the bounty of summer; now the sudden storm bullies Pa...f .6..D~bLc-~cnJ.6."-a....\ at home. t>r'1~'Jn'1...:l' '1>n', Anyway, bnL,' when I can't go, i> L -<')' -<>-<'1'(')' cannot follow the dog team, t> r'1'r''"", I will still share, "'-<>:')-<". a gift brought back, from you, my dear.

~" PI>'C)CL,,-I>' ~iL 'bl>i"L, well-known American whaling cap­ utittarraujainnarpannirmat angu­ tain on the coast who made regular narsuarsuni mikigiarniarsunilu. 7'i....:><:J'C c....:>~~<1o-c, ....0 a.... (n" 'bl>i"L'r­ Herschel Island is now deserted, kisiani ummaarmi angunasuatunut

Lr~Jc t> .J"sr b • I> -.J .. Cj'ib , visited only by the occasional Inuit upaktauvalilurtuq. 1900 arraguit hunting party from the Delta. aturlirtillugit piliriaksaqaulualaursi­ LQ..a.... 6,<;bb?Q..a...6."ro- 6.0-<-'-'L,cn- Around the turn of the century, how­ majuq nunaliit arvingniaqattasutik <;,.J<;jr, IJ. "bt>L ~<;b ever, it was a busy, if fluctuating, mikigiarniaqattarsutillu. Ulurraq in­ Cl:>r'L.,-)'b" I> , I>PI>"­ community based entirely on whal­ uvigilaurtaani arraagumi 12-ngujut ("b)"- ing and trading. The year George was uniat Herschel Islandmut tikilaursi­ born about a dozen whaling ships majut inuqasutik katillugit 600-nik. ~La-"c;<;b- wintered at Herschel Island, their Taisumani angunasuarniqsaulaur­ <<"'c- o-t>G\<;n c • hundred people. taanut ursutuinnaringitanullu, an­ L ~,,-J' r'e- .,-I>t\'nl>-.!'. At that time the whalers mainly gunasuarttaugaluarlaurtut suqkan­ hunted the big bowhead whale, not 1895-Jn~...oJ n~c>'1 1>...0'<;" ginnut. Taisumanituqaq suqangit primarily for meat or even for the oil aturtauluarpalaurmata qallunaanut, l:>-"c...I>'~L-.!" l:>' .... I''L~~.,-'bbl,')1 lOO-Ll:>e-.,-' mouth of the whale through which it sutik (silami pisuqatattusiutiullutik gathers its food. Baleen, before the [>LL<;r c • e-1L.,'dl­ the qallunaat in many different prod­ nik uwaluunniit sauninganik surlu I>C)'b" ...0'<;" 1932-Jn~...oJ l,~ George Porter in 1932 during one Ulurraq 1932-gutiIlugu San Fran­ ~ ~'i·~'~dJ<1C 'bt>i'L7t>LL"-<-.t>')" qaIIutiIiariIIugit, mattitautiIiariIIugi­ <1','-D' <11 <1c-'blt>C"<-.,,-t>"-c>cr IIu timmiagasuarutiIiariIIugit. Angu­ nasuktauluarninginnut arviqarun­ . ~,;(nl>o-C\a-'L t><1c-crt>' t>P­ turialaursimajut ammalu 1895­ l>~C~bJncC~C;l>7 t:."-a.... ~<"-o-~­ ngutiIIigu saqangit 1 paun-mik L' <1'JCL,'<1','cr ,Pr<1'cr<1','cr-c>. uqumainnilik $5.00-raalaursimajuq. Angijualuit akitujualuugunnarmata t>','" <16<-.~1 L~CL 'PL"C­ qaujimajaugamik angusuartautuin­ c .-JLc-~b)~b. b..'-"-crbd Pr'<1o- t>L­ nalaursimajut, nungukasattiIIugit. L'I <1'JCL,'<1)-D' t><'Ct>~C--C>­ 191O-Iirtillugu qaujijuqatainnalaur­ ')". 1900 <1"iJ6' <1)c-'n" -c>r' simavuq arviit saqanginnut kingu­ vviutaujunnartumik, savirajamik /\c-rL ....:l~r'L~~b ....oa....e-..c qaujisimalirmata arviarniq suval­ <1' 6\ 'cr <1 'b'C,' n' I Pr <1' cr <1 'b'C- Iirutaujunnanginnirsaulirmat. Kiin- rn<-....:>. l>....:>~C;~b ..6.....66\rc....l>~ccr ~ aujaIiurutaunginnirsauIirmat arvi­ <1'SJI 12-'J,,' t>1 <1' t>','" ~ gasugunnaitainnalaursimajut ar­ ::: raagut 50 naasimaIiraluartiIIugit. <16<-.J' np<-.t>'r'L'" 6-D'b,'n' d Ualinirmuarpalaurtut arvirniartiit bn"-c>r' 600-cr'. " ikpigusungalilaurmammijut miki- C6r'Lcr <1'JCL,'<1'cr"~t><-.­ women's corsets and dresses and for· giarniarnirmik qakurtunik tiriga­ [>~r'L'?c ~r)..6.a..·a....n.... "'rc....o'-....:I, black whale bone, as it was often sivuIirpaami tariumiigiaksaq qaujil­ <1 'JCL,' <1' Ct> L-c> <1 <-. t>')' r' "b'r- called, for making containers, such as larigiusuni iIinniariakkanniIilaur­ Cf:l.,.JLcr)~bo;b c cups, as well as for fish nets and bird Q...... oc. ,J'bb""r <])'- mammijuq ajurriqtuijikkutigut Un­ c snares. As bowheads became scarcer Cl>....:l'LC 'b<- ....:>a...... o , <1'_ alaaskami Aleutian lslandsmi through increased hunting, the value taikani inirtirtauvannia sapir­ CL6' <1~ -Ds'r~~' 'P'i'Cdnt>"­ of the bone increased and by 1895 L nanginnirsammariulaursimajuq -c>n' <1 L-c> r'<-.-c>'r't>nc-<1,,-7t>­ baleen was priced at about $5 a Herschellslandmi arsurrun­ ~'r'n' (r'<-.I /\,"bC')r't>nt>"-c>n' pound. As a large whale could yield narpalaurtumi. )/\'J<1'). up to a ton of bone, the ruthless 1913-gutiIIugu Ulurraq ilinnian­ exploitation of the animal contin­ ..6.....06.( ..6.i.- 'Jc gursuni umiartutirulilaursimajuq, ued, nearly resulting in its extinc­ ilaIiutiIIuni ilviurami arviniartinut b ,J<;bbcr l>~~~"-Crc ~J>cr""Lcrb, tion. Fortunately by 1910 suitable umiarjuarmi. Taanna umiarjuaq il­ ,J'....J 'bc- ....:>nc-r e , Lcnct>n­ and inexpensive substitutes for viura ukiilaursimajuq Demarcation c-<1,,-" -c>r" -C> nL, <1Lr'<1?nc-<1,,-- baleen such as spring steel had been Pointmi, taisumani Ulurraq katisi­ e found making bowhead hunting far gialaursimajuq ingiraqatiqariur­ <-....:>r • ....:> J, ~t>­ commercial slaughter of the bow­ titiraqniqmigut uqaIimaagaksaIi­ cr'r' <1 P')"- <1 <-. t> 'r'L,,' <1 LL-c> head, which lasted over half a centu­ urnirmigut ualiniup ukiuktaqtu­ ry, ended. The ships that now came 1895-Jn"-c>J ~ "b'r' 1-~I' anik. TusartautittivaIIialilaursimaju­ to the Western Arctic turned their mik silajuarlimaamut. t> 'd L6 ~ cr c-' $5.00-S<-. t> 'r'L,,"• interests to fur trading - white fox, in Tavvuuna umiakkut (Elvirakkut) <1'N<1-c>6' <1P),,<1--"J~CL 'LC particular, was the main attraction. suraqtiIIugu annalaursimajuq, Her­ 'bt>i' L7 t> LI' <1'JCLr' <1'Ct» 6 ~CL­ George's travels began at an early schellslandmut utilirsutik rasum­ age. His first few years were spent in <-.t>'r'L"', -D'Jb~'n"-c>r'. 1910­ iqanuqasunimi saipiurrijanut niur­ Alaska, near Point Barrow, where he Jc-'n" -c>J 'bt>i''''bC6~CL<-.t>'r'- rutiqariaqtuqtuniuIIutik Martin went to school. Later, in 1905, his Pointmi. Tuqujuqaiauqsimaquun­ C- L,?'b gittuq, inungit sikukkut pisungun­ t>"~CL')I', ~6\'i71' 'bt>i'r'L­ nalauqsimammata umiarmut c-'bLC ­ asianut ajursitisimagaluaqsunittauq "~CL'r~cr'~t>c-'L' PCLt>7C-t>- sanginiqsamuIIi, Belvederemut ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t> -C> ''i'' t> ILLV iL',,'rc Porter poses with a muskox skull Ulurraq umimmaup naatjungita ~cr<1cr')" 1941-'In"-c>J in 1941 while acting as a guide for sanianittuq 1941-ngutillugu r'~c-'nt>"-c>cr H6~,,- c...~~ J' Henry Larsen during a dogteam sivulirtiulluni Henry Larsenmut 'P J'r"nct> n"-c>r' <<'- r"d~ -D' patrol of the Western Arctic sent qimuksirtitautillugit paliisikkun- t>1 <1',,<1J' 'n 'i'J'. out from the RCMP vessel, the St. nut umiarjuamut St. Roch-mut. Roch. 49 d ?CI>'r~o-'''I>c-'L' 'r'L «I' 'J <]'6\\,...­ pray regularly. George still recalls the mangitaminik aniguutilauqsimajuq, "I«I' IPr­ difficulty he had in thinking up aullaqattarnirsaulluni quviagi­ 'r'n" <11>71 r'~"c-'­ his father's ship in the summer of suarunnairami niuruqattagunai­ 'r'-ri'"c...rcrl>- 1908 - a voyage which was the first of ramilu iqanaijaaqainnarpalaurtuq '-,J(J b.c-Q..rr<;Li- his many seafaring experiences - he atuinnautuinnartitumik. Umiar­ again returned to school, this time to turtiviniqnut tuktujalirinit quviagi­ ""<;b a....c...."bi, another missionary school at Una­ jauggungikkaluartillugu pilirigiak­ Aleutian Island-I, CLlbo- Llo-'n'­ laska on the Aleutian Islands where saq, taannali Ulurraq atulaursisima­ Ct>~"--(Jc.... '­ the punishment earned for boyish mmijuq qunngilirinirmut katutjiqa­ ";L~<;b t><;,J<:.. 'JI. Island. mi piliriarilluniuk, ilisailluni tuktu­ 1913-J c- 'n"...oJ 1>...0 's'" By 1913 George had had enough of nik qimmiqariaq. Taisumanittauq Llc-"o-1 '­ school and was glad to be able to innait katutjiqatigiingit Kanatami r'L«I'", Llc...c-I>n"...oo- Ll"I\I>SI begin his career as a sailor by joining, gavamakkut qunnirnik tunisilauqsi­ as a crew member, the whaling ship majut, ammaarmi piliriangulirtunik 1<1'«1<11. C"O­ Elvira. The Elvira spent the winter at maannali piniluluninguma 1>1<1',,<1'" Ll"6\I>S I>Pc...I>'r'L«I'" Demarcation Point and it was here Nasagaluamut piliriqatiginnullu Demarcation Point- I, CLl r' L0­ that George first met and travelled aulatauliqtut. 1>...o'S'" bnr'r'r'L«I'" Ll'r­ with Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the Saipiurrijamiunut niuruqataulaq­ explorer who, through his many and sutik arvirnialauqsutillu tavvuuna S'bn'brcl>'r'o-...o Vilhjalmur sometimes controversial writings, was Belvedere-kut nuqalausimajut taan­ Stefansson- I", nns'"o-'"IJ' I>'b­ soon to bring the Western Arctic and na Ulurraq Seattlemi iqanaijaqarun­ c-LLbL,c-t>'(J'r JC t>< t>P­ its people to the attention of the nairiimitillugu. Akuniungittuq atili­ [><;b(<;bJncn~<-c-'r'L «II" r'c... '''IS"d') way back to Herschel Island after a ganut usikatarialirsutik. Sivulirmi r<;<;bn--....:lJ <;r"L~<;b, [><;.-J"- visit to the Chukchi people of Siberia, unataqjuartillugit umiaqtursutik nc-'r'n" Sr'I'b-,,'br'o-­ the ship was stranded and crushed in amialikkat nunanganualauqsimajut the ice near Martin Point. There ammalu aqusaaqsutik Panama I "LlI\I>'rc7-'" o-1>?n'brc" ...on" Martin Point- I. the crew were able to walk across the landskutlu taisumani Ulurraq iqau­ )<;d~<;bc....t><;br"L<;bd""rC)'ib, ..6....o ...rc ice to the safety of another stranded mattiartuq Uiguikkut ilagiutilauqsi­ r'd"d' 1\ r'J"O-c...1>'"r'L 'LC 1>1<1­ but stronger ship, the Belvedere, on mammata kimaasimallutik ]aa­ 'J' 'b L.,"'ro-%L.,J<-c-, Belvedere- Jet George experienced more variety, nunaalauqsimajuq, Montanami ra....t>-{'~ t>....:>'<;'b travel, and excitement than most iqanaijariaqtursuni qijulirrinirmut. C 1\ c-'n... ....:>'Cj<;b <;br"L "'rei cr b <;br'L ~<;b, herding was not the most natural mammata unatariaqataugunnasi­ "c... 'b'eo-'''I>"...oo- 'd6\

b ployed sailor, but George, always one ta akinut amialikami. (Jt...... :l '-....:lcr P dJ.6,Q..- for new experiences, signed on with O-Ll' Ll-6r'c-LIo- ?'b'CJO-LlSI...o Ll'"bO-­ herding reindeer and training the ani­ .6. ~%b..6. Q...a.... '<;)<;b <]J..6. Q.a....t»­ mals to pull sleds. It was this same company which was later to supply b b ..6.Q.a....'nJr • t>i 'J'r'b_.o­ reindeer stock which led to the estab­ Unatartuksaugunnairsuni 1919­ <]~n'- --=:lJ 1\C-n.......::J~C;~b ~~LLr~~b ~da...... rc-n...- the Mackenzie Delta, now in the majuq. Taikangat Seattlemualaursi­ hands of William Nasagaloak and his majuq iqanaijaaqtarsuni amiarru­ a-'J' b)'i'-'bnr'r~.D' pl>c-L, Ac-,,-a-I>'. hunting voyage on th e Belvedere fol­ tillugu Saipiarrimuulilauqsimammi­ lowed this period ashore and George, juq umlarturtilimaanut umiarturt­ flc-L...6.. c... -=>0- )b)crb ~pLr~bn.... ....:1- Le Havre, in France. The voyage, puigursimalaungittuq, ammalu a-'JL o..'-,L...:> made during World War I, took him 1921-gutillugu umiaqtuqattalilauq­ c....Cl>c-',,-7'1>.D' a-I> ?'bCI> c...- Panama Canal, then across the Australiamut usillutik napaartuvi­ b C~~a.... nirnik. Iqanaijaminik asitjiilaursi­ "~L~' San Franciscomuarpalaurnialu nuq­ (>0.. I> ...:>'S" ~J. 125 mailinik ungasinniqatunik Iqa­ 'r')" c-c....t>c;br'LLr~C;b t>IJ.Jf:j,"dc-....o' nuqangarjuumigumalluni nunami 1>,r~" atausirmi. Atausiq arragu naaqaluar­ «a-"nc"'-,,') I>LlJLl' .Do... 'L.D tillugu Ursutuumut nuulaursimajuq niuvirvimmik katuisirlluni pilirriar­ l>~bC,,-"c-T I> 0.. C"­ ilirsuniuk ukiuni tallimani utilau­ ~r' I>,'ibr'L ~c <]LL....:> uriqatiqalauqpuq Canalaskakunnik Canary Islands-d" ...:>. unatasalirtillugit tulliani, qaujima­ jaulirsuni sinaanimiulimaanut niu­ CLlr'La- I>...:>'S" Ll"bI>L'nLlJLl'd' Llc...rl>nc...I>"~L'LC French navy joining with his ship to Ulurraq Canalaska kampanikkut pL~L" ...:>n' ~La-'a-'. nc-r....:><;<;<;b for the remainder of the trip. Return­ nik quviasulauqsimajuq, pukirsutal­ a.... C J ing was over the war had come to an taanna Henry Larsenmut ikajurtigi­ 1>000C?~o..Llc...I>"~L 'LC end and, fortunately, he did not have jaulausimajuq qimuksirtigijaullu­ nilu, ammalu ungasiktualummut 1>000C,,- J~o..~c...I>'~L 'r')" to go to Europe to fight. aullartillugu ikajurtiuvaksuni. 1941- bo.. CI> , C,,-I>'LC 000C'),'-,I>J~o..Ll'r'a- 1919-J- here he returned to Seattle where he n<"'--=>J '~L'-

b -.::I ...:>'S" I>'r")' 1929-, ,'C George Porter in Gjoa Haven in Ulurraq Ursurtuumi 1929-mi 7·'-, ~ '-,a- c...1> ~ ,,-i'-I>' 1929 beside Mr. Johnson, engineer Johnson sanianiituq aulausirijiup LlL,' of the Emma. imamik. 51 rLr--bda....oC.. CL a.. a.... !:1~bba....iJ,~~rLJ- found a job in a paint factory. This gutillugu ikasarmualauqsimania 'bc...~'r~"-r~· 1920-~c-'n"...:>J kind of work did not hold him long makivviangutillugu sapirnanginnir­ pauquulauqsimajuq quvianarnisa­ "L:>.A<1'rLjc-c...~"r'L'r-.i" ~r<1')­ and by 1920 he left for yet another trading trip to Siberia. George's life by ullunilu ingirranirilauqsimajaanit 'nc-L.D' ~r<1')'n~o-<1: ~r<1'- now followed a predictable pattern Vaakur Paimut. Larsen qaiqujaulau­ Jbdc....[>~rnb <1"r<;libiJ,Q..a.... ~~Jc. familiar to all sailors: lengthy sea voy­ simavuq aaqiksigiaktuqujaulluni r'<1)"J' i.,~ :?>S~r'r'J"-"~o-'. ages followed by a few months on a kinitinga pilinuni nunaqutianik home port, in his case usually Seattle tuqunninmat ikaasarmi angijualum­ ~...:>'S" ~r<1')?-.iL:>.~o.-S...:><1'r'o- or San Francisco. While most of his mik nunamik qimailluni, ammalu [><1c-o-<;r <;b ..0 a.... o-b trips were made to Arctic waters, angajuqatiavaviniulluni niuvirtitti­ r'c... '-.i<1r >L:>.J'r'Lc...~'r')'·, <1'L­ George did not turn down an oppor­ avaviniummat ualiniup ukiurtatun­ ...:> 1921-Jc-'n"...:>J ~r<1")'b'(c-­ tunity to see what the other side of gani. lkaasarmi Larsen tungasumi­ the world was like and in 1921 he tauttialilaursimavuq Carpentermut c...~"r'L 'r-.i" n"Lc-'J' Sydney, joined a four-masted schooner bound qaiqujaullunilu makivviani pinguar­ Australia-J' ~r'"...:>n· ,,-(')6\- for Sydney, Australia with a load of tillugit. Ukiuqtaqtumi taimaisuugu­ lumber. The year 1926 marked a turn­ mmata, ilaulauqsimajuq nirivigjuar­ 1926-Jc-'n"...:>J L:>. "bo.- L:>. 7 r 0-' ing point in George's career. His sail­ tillugit, mumirtillugillu vuritlu <1r";"c...~'r'L-.i", ~r<1')?-"7'<;0-0- '>rL a..r'r'dJ'io-­ visit to San Francisco, were over. ammalu pulaartut ilaangit aangnir­ <1...:> .D"b~nc...~'r'L7'r·. A <1'rL Looking for a more settled life ashore millu, ammalu pulaartut ilangit An­ rL:?>r (Perry Riverl 125 LL:>.c-o-· he joined the Canalaska Trading gus Ilais, Bertram Pokiak, ammalu Company and opened his first post at Moses Raddi unikkaarijangit ~'Lr'~o-'b)r· L:>. "b...:>')'n<1'r Perry River some 125 miles to the tusariminaluanguartillugit. 0-~6\ '6\Cc-c...~'r'L-.i" Canalaska south-east of Cambridge Bay. The fol­ Larsen Ulurraq ajugaqangunnin­ Trading Company-'d nJ', .D"b'L'-.!­ lowing year he moved to Gjoa Haven ganik ikpigusuluangguarsuni umi­ rJL"...:>o- .D,,-r <1(~r'T. <1(- and opened a trading post which he aqtuqatiqarumalilauqsimajuq St. managed for five years before return­ Rochmut alivaksimut asianilittaup [>r'''b "r"- ing to San Francisco. His association Ulurraq umiartuqatauqumaliraluar­ ....6c....[>~r'L~~b b )Jc 0-[>6\\5\Lr with Canalaska lasted until the com­ rrilluni kingullirpaami angir­ LJ!:1 "r'c;...;)o- /\c-<;rL b pany closed down at the outbreak of raqsimagumangalilauqsimajuq nu­ I> PI> 0- ("c-Lo- I>nc...l>so- r'c­ the Second World War by which time liaminik qitungaminillu najurru­ George had established his reputation i.,~ :?>S~r'r' J'. AC-rL 'bn'bc...~"- malluni, Ursurtuumi nunaqammar­ as an able and fair trader all along the ilirtuq. Nulianga Maata Nuliarjuk >~b 6a....c....r'bdQ..o-b L)c....[> ..ra..o-c-- coast. Ursuqtuumiutaummat iqanaijaarta­ L"ra..o- [>a....c~c-"nc;. ..;)r c Jc-c-<1o-, Between leaVing the Canalaska lauqsimavuq niuvirtikkunnut atuin­ 'bl>"'L71>C-'r'0- r'''-o-r~c-L.D' Company and joining its rival, the naulirmat. Arragut 25 ungataanut Hudson's Bay Company, George niuvirtikunniilauqsimajuq, nuqa­ 0-1>6\ 'nl>n<1'o-<1. enjoyed a brief, though distinguished suni 1960 arragut pigialisaqtillugit. [>..;)<;<;<;b ba....<1Lr'b bL6\ <;bn[>o-"rc;...;) ..o<;bb[>cr--r'Lc-- command of Henry Larsen who was kamigigiaqatunik isumaalutiqa­ 'ibro- >P<;Cc-bdQ....oc !:1<;bba....!:1~ro-b at that time navigating his ship the sunilu akituninginnik. Ursualum­ St. Roell across Arctic waters from mik isumaalugutiqapannia sivumut­ 'd6\<1r'c...I>"r'L-.i", >P'(c-l>bL:>.~- Vancouver to Halifax. When the St. tiarutigilauqpaa, ikkinarniqputil­ a....c....[>"br'LL.r fj"Q.. Lr'Q.. JC <1[>- rL Roell wintered at Walker Bay north of lugu ukiumi igaminik ikarrani c....C[>c- ..;)0-, [>r<1~bJ~bC<;nc;...;)J Holman Island, George acted as amisuungittuugaluani qamingatitti­ I>pl>"(")r, St. Roch-r I>r<1­ Larsen's guide and dog team driver valauqtuq illutamaat ursualummik and assisted him on many long and 'br'o-, ~~d~T' <1c-e'J'. "L:>.' nugutitaililluni, ilanginnut piqa­ difficult trips throughout the region. narijanginnullu quviagijauluaqu­ ~"d' ? I>r<1" I>pl>r .rn- Perhaps one of the easier and more ungikkaluartillugu. King William Is­ c;...;)J [>..;)b~<;)< ~0-<10-, CQ..a.... enjoyable journeys from Walker Bay land qiqirtaq tiriganiarviuvalauqsi­ [>..;)~<;"b L"r'a..Jc !:1b~"nr7[>c....- was a visit, around Easter 1941, to majuq ilaanikkullu taimangin­ [>~br'L~<;b <;pJ br'<;nr'7[>c-..;)o-..;), Sachs Harbour. Sgt. Larsen had nangikkaluarsuni. Tiriganiaqattalu- L instructions to settle the estate of <1 L..;) [>"L.r'b) '-c.... 'in- Fritz Wolki who had died at Sachs "...:>J L:>.b-.i'nl>e·r'o-. 1941-Jn"...:>J Harbour leaving considerable proper­ L:>.b"'J<1c...I>"r'Lo-<1 LP'- ty after a successful life as a schooner 6\ <1"Jn'-...::JJ ~1\~a...."rQ..o-~<[>~b- captain and trader in the Western Arctic. At Sachs, Larsen and his men dc....[>~br'L ...!~b ~d6\ <1 a.... ~cr~[>c;...;)o-..;) were befriended by Fred Carpenter !J.. ~r~c;crrLc....l>~b~Ls..crc 'd>'r'L~" "...:>" p"n'L /\C:-~JJcr JJa.... 'dn'cr'LC l;b~'1 '" -<>0..1' 'PLl;""':>", "...:>,, "1>t\'n'n~L' I> ' I> PI>'C)'L". l;b~ T c...~~ )'Lr"nCI>'n"r'L~" bl\~)J' 'bl;'d71>"...:>"...:> LP't\­ r'. I>PI>"C'), Cl;Ll;,JJ'LC, l;c...I>c...I>"r'L-<" crrLG\ L~c.... ')C !J.c.... ~rc c.... ')C !J.c.... "'rc ')' >n Jr'r' was added a screening of Fred's home 1950 arragut atuliqtiIlugit tirigani­ )~CLI sn 1>,,'bCL7'r' 0.."':> ~'C;,b 1,b~L~,b L.,!J.c ?bJC < l>~'C;'b Larsen, obviously impressed with paami taimailauqsimammat niurru­ 1>1 JL,'i...:>" George's abilities, tried to persuade tiqapattiIlugit tiriganianik. P'J""'b~L~'b JJc:-'r')f JJa....'bLL­ might have been to get to sea once maligangit aturiaqatangiIlu asingu­ rLc:-')'b. JJc.-'r'''),I>CI>'L' l;"bCLl; i,.'c- such a long period. uqsimajuq ukiurtartuup asingurpal­ c....l>'b~L'?,b "I>Nn'd~-<>' c:-'L c. 'LC-<>' permanent home. His wife, Martha uttilaursimammat amimik niuru­ crl>G\ 'nd"-o-c....l>'br'L """'b, JJ~bb,Jcr Nuliajuk, was from this area and tiqanuirmik taakkua niuvirtikkut 1960 r'. there was the opportunity of steady ukiuqtaqtumi kiinaujatuqavinirnik employment as a post manager with atuqujaugunnailaursimajut. Taak­ l;"bo..l;7'n,,,' I\'nn'br'"...:> career with the Company lasted over 'r''I' l;r'L­ 25 years until his retirement in the ...:>In'b<~,,"<' late 1960s. As with all his employers, l;'Po..',,"n" ...:>J I>PI>, l;L,,,' George served the Bay well, caring for its interests and worrying about l;b''i" 'b)<;b l>'- ~cL C l>'r"...:> 'd6\...:>J. King William Island 'PP'C' nCLL,,~c....l><;br'L ~<;b !J.c.... <>'crbd'- ~ •• • • • • •••••• • •••••••• •• ••••••••••••••• • •• • ••• • ••• • •• • •• • • ••••••• • ••• • JJc:-n"...:>J. NuIiajuk, at Gjoa Haven in 1957. surtuurmi 1957-utillugu. 53 Cc,Lc, 'r~o.. 'r'b...:> ....J~C;~b 0-1>6\'6\"r'L-<" [>Pl>~~<;bn<>.a....J. c,"bI>L-<", 1950 ")' ,PrL~C;b r"I' o-l>6\'6\J' c,r")'bLLn-- c....l>'ib.-JLLL' 6,\,...'L....o'-....:J 1\71>'--- ....:la-. l> ....:l"C;C;b c;bl>~L Cn<]'i)'ib effort to save oil, a measure perhaps tiqapalaurtut savirajaullutik, qi­ CL ~o.. r'~",'<1 Cc,Lc,c...I>"­ not always appreciated by his family paariksutik ammalu tallimat am­ r'LLL' o-I>?n'b<'n"...:>r' or colleagues. maurtut angiHrriksutik. Kingpaarrit­ King William Island was a good tut turrngallutik niurrutaujuup b nn....Lcr6\ 'n'd~irr'o- of bumper years. In these years the tik niurrutaujuup akinganut tiriga­ l> .J'ir--c...l>'ibJ'ib "o- Ii\ "nbd', through the season George would malu ammalurtut kiinaujaullutik have sold Virtually all his merchan­ atjigiingirtunik akiliit, suurlu imaak L,L'r' ")', c,J- eariy 19S0s when the fox were so Niuvilirraigamik amirnik niuvirti c c-" rr .6. b I\J ,.Jc-c.....l> 'ibr'L "<;b plentiful they could often be taken saqijaaqtitivalaurtuq kipparittunik without traps. One actually walked saamut, atunit turaangajunik amir­ [> P[> 'iCC; j < '7~'0-" P'J'6\I> nc...I>'r'L LL' only to be caught by his son. George piuninga akingalu saqitauniaqsuni ?n'bo-'I' C'dt\<;nbd' l>P[>'ibC'ibJf PQ.J>7)- fur trading. palauqtuq qanuq akiliqtauniarma­ "b Ii\ cr'icrb J "r' L ~c. During his time with the gaarmi taimanna. Kiinaujait saami Company, George saw many changes pijartauvaIliaIlutik akiligutigivaiia­ Po..I>71>~c...I>')' a...... :>a.... - in the policies and practices of that jangit nuviaminut. Tamanna sukkai­ c,'dn'b')' ~6\S71>"...:>n', organization as it left the fur trading tummariaiuuvalauqsimajuq ikkiina­

P«rLb,.Jn b <;)C <]'rc-"n...b,.Jnb. p<.('i(\.cJc something of the the general change gamik saalimaakasamik sausivalauq­ sweeping the north. The cash econo­ tut pualusimajut. Kisianilittauq )'S'L"...:>n' o-I>?CI>..!' n' o-I>?CI>..!' economy and in recognition of this atungittutuqaiiraluartillugit aturpal­ - the Company was persuaded to stop auqtuq. Inummariuniqsait niuvirra­

b 7'i,;n , <]LL....:> 7- using its trade tokens in arctic stores. tigiiirtangit akuni akauksaqpalaun­ These tokens were made of stamped gittuq nutaamik kiinaujaiiritjunik ~'i....:> [>c...... :Inb token and five round tokens of differ­ Ulurraq akiliitjusituqamik atur­ $1.00. o-l>6\,'SC,LI' G\ c;n L.. 'ibp i;,. 'ibnCn.e c...l> <;)<;10 ed the item of trade - usually a fox skin, while the round tokens accord­ P«rL'JerI> ~Jc, <]Jo-' )c;"L~o-b ing to size represented dollar value in ;>-~'CI>­ units of Sa, 1O~, 2Sa, SO~, and $1.00. ,'r'o- Al>o-'L ~"PCI>­ When purchasing fox pelts from the o-'?n'b)" )Pr'- trapper the trader would put square tokens on the counter, each one indi­ 'ib)'ib 'ib....o'ib cating a pelt. The pelts would then be 1>00...,:)~C;~b p..J<..~~<[>c....t>~rL~~b George Porter was one of the last Ulurraq kingullirpaulaursimajuq a-[>G\~nbdQ.a- PO-[>7)~bcrb Hudson's Bay factors to use alu­ niuvirtikkuni kinaujatuqanik <])n....<1"\ !J.~c..cr( minium tokens to trade with Inuit aturiaq, inunnit niurutiqaviuvat­ o-[>?n<;bG\t>~crcr !:J....DQ....D c • hunters and trappers. suni innonut. "r i\7'G>e"e-<1"...:>n' <1pc-Jn­ graded by the trader and the amount Akuniungittuq Ulurraq taututtia­ ree-<17'r' cr[>6\<1r .D'. CL·,,­ offered for each would be placed runnainiminut pilirriluaqpagun­ r"b l'. ')'LfL <1...'>e c...[>"~ L -.i" l'. 'P,,-­ alongside the square tokens. The trap­ naiqtuq, ikpigusuttullariugaluaq suli per would then have on the counter a sunalimaanik ammaluquviagijaqa­ 'n" ...:>J...:> C'n"...:>J...:> cr[>6\ 'ir'<1­ clear picture of the amount he was mmariksuni inngautaminik. Kinatu­ 'il'.Lr' "e-Lb~r' ~[>~ec...[>")' being offered for his fur. As trading innaq Ulurraq unikkaarunnar­ ><1...:>~L-.i'. P~<1cre-'C[>" [>...:>''i'' progressed tokens to the value of tanginnik tusaqtuinnaujunnaqu­ Cl'.Ll'.')cr' P"-[>7cr' <1)'r')­ goods purchased would be removed ungimma. Ilangit suli tusaqpallia­ from the counter, immediately allow­ vattut umiarjuakkut ingir­ )~bc-C;....J~b)~b. ing the customer to visually estimate ravalauqnivianik, ammalu maa­ .6.....oLLn..t>o-~b~.6.C crt>6\~C;nrc-~­ his expenditures and make decisions narataagulauqtuq inngutangit c'r' <1dcr <1b[>'~"'r')" about other purchases. The method avurimiingaarataasutik qaujitain­ was slow, and to many traders nalaurmijut ataatattiangata tavani­ .DCr' P,,-[> 7 e-fL '-.ir' 'b[>i"LLrr'. impractical, especially in a freezing, iqaalauqsimavinianik. Cl'.Ll'.'L' [> ...:>''i'' <1Pc-'-.i~)'br' dark store, trying to handle with Ulurraup inuusinga atursima­ ~)%. heavy mitts token that sometimes jangilluukiuqtartumi uqalimaagar­ ~rC)C;b l>....:l'C;C;b covered the entire counter. But nik amisunik uqausimavuq: George was using the tokens long QaUunaatut taijaujut uqalimaagait Cl>J c n L....:l <],b Some of his older customers simply Arthur James Allen r'e- r',,-e-Lcr' <1'L...:> 'd6\<1r7'b- felt uneasy with the new system (Alaska Northwest Publishing LLn..brcr .6.Q..<>oJCi cr- b• which gave them no graphic sense of Company) the value of their purchases, and Pa....J.6. "-a.... C;b t> ...J,<;,b t>a-bb?"-- Plowing the Arctic George, respecting this, continued to G.]. Tranter a.... , (o"ra..(}b JL.,%)..6.a..a....l>~"-a....<;bd­ use them. (Hodder and Stoughton) ""rLL. !:lc""r c rc- )L., <;b<<"-c-­ In recent years, failing eyesight has The Friendly Arctic <1e')' [>r<1'-.i<1'd' l'. 'r''iec...[>- prevented George from being fully Vilhjalmur Stefansson active but he takes an interest in all <;b cr 6\a-,b),b (the MacMillan company) that goes on and especially enjoys his Klengenberg ofthe Arctic <1~fLr-'L'ic'r'n' l'.·'JC'r' 'b[>i"­ many grandchildren. Tome Macinnes Cl'.·,,-c...[>'r-.i' <1CC'n<1'LC Perhaps no one will ever piece Oonathan Cape) C~ ir,bbc....[> <;bri Lcr6\cr <]c;rb. together all of George's story. His family is still discovering new facts [> ...:>''i' l'.-"'~'L <1)'~L7'r"...:> about his travels and not so long ago [>p[>"C')r [>'be-Lvcr' <1r r'cr' some of his grandchildren returned [>'b[>~[>~L~": to Gjoa Haven from Hawaii only to 'b"..J,,-J' C47t>,,' t>'be-L/'4' discover that their grandfather had A Whaler and Trader in the Arctic been there many years before them. George Washington Porter's life [> 'be- LLe- <16\ cr'r' and times are touched on in many Arthur James Allen books about the arctic including: (Alaska Northwest Publishing A Whaler and Trader in the Arctic Company) by Arthur James Allen 'be-L/""e-t>'n'dnJ' (Alaska Northwest Publishing Plowing the Arctic Company) Plowing the Arctic [> 'be- LLe- <16\cr 'r' by G.J. Tranter G.J. Tranter (Hodder and Stoughton) (Hodder and Stoughton) The Friendly Arctic t> 'be- L /,e- <161 cr'r' by Vilhjalmur Stefansson (the MacMillan Company) The Friendly Arctic Klengenberg ofthe Arctic Vilhjalmur Stefansson edited by Tome Macinnes (the MacMillan company) Oonathan Cape) L'rc.... [>'be-LL'~e-[>"nd'rnJ' t> 'be- L /,e- <161 cr'r' Klengenberg ofthe Arctic Tome Macinnes Oonathan Cape) 55 l> P P[>C;b (C;b) r: Inuusiq Ukiuqtaqtumi: ([» Jr'''bLJ c Makkuktut Tautugusiangagut Ute in theNorth: PCer' The Way Young

16, 1984. nn'i- People See It J' tlr"er<1'J' d<1'C" 'i>'~"t\ L1r"'-cr<1"t\, b-.t <1 "t\ <1cr L1 "b..J<:L cr • From Voices From the Eastern Arctic Nipinit IIkillqtaqtllllq kitaanitJane by Jane A,me Shapiro. Copyright: Ann Shapiromit IIqalimaagaliarijalljllq November 16, 1984; All rights reserved. NlIvimpllr 16, /984. Titiratllt ilinniar­ ncr"b I\)"b"~ ....oC"...:J The writers were stlldents at the Gordon tilt Gordon Robertsonmi ilin­ l>Pt><;"C",,)c;b Ct>-.I'L. P"'L'r'r!;'),'. <;0- ""L [> ,.J <;b )C;" the tops of these mountains the ice gani sikulik ausuittumik. Amisunik 7'd' CL"o.. 1\1>-.1" I>PI>"- never melts. Lots of tourists go there minguiqsiriarturniq urningausuqtuq during the summer. This is very good aujakkut tamanna piujuq for business in the North. ukiuqtaqtuq. Inuit inutsiat tunganartut amrna ikajuqturraulluriktut. Taimanna sivullivut annaumalauqtut ... ika­ juqturauliplutik angulit maqaiqa­ tigiikpakiutik qautamaat i1alik an­ naumaquplugit quviagiplunitjullu. Maqainniq ajunginniqatsiariaIik; kappiarnarmat silatsaungittumilu pijariaqarnarmat. Inuusuktut kisir­ miuqlutik maqaisuqsisuqtut uki­ uqaIiqlulik 14-nik. angulit maqailil­ lugit arnat annuraaIiuqpakput am­ rna nutaqat qilik.Iutik iIitsivalliaplu­ tik qilillarmik.

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• D"..J:.lD"C D"..J:.l Cr'"...:>n..')'. C6L ~a... lannirmik qaujimangittut, kamili­ urnirmillu. Maanna ilinniariaqali­ r'~"c-~' Lc...C>")'... 6b­ ratta sivuniksarmut parnaUuta. Uqa­ "/")'iC>n'...:>n' cL C ~c...nb <]Q..a....t>­ tullu pianiktuq. Utirniq ajulirtugut L~d<....;lrc ~dG\'r'),...:> A7n..­ survived, by helping one another. punga ilitsilungalu anaanamma ~b.,.)nb The men went hunting together iliqusirilauqtanganik, ililaugainni. every day just so that their families L'bLV"r'r''')' C>PC>'bc-",Jn' 14- Nutaqakka ilinniartinnajakpakka could survive and they enjoyed it. For ajurnangittuugaluaq kisiani ukiuni c- b• <]'Jn c L~b~n'- ....;lrc ~bC <]LL ..J:.lC~bbc dangerous and they had to do it in Taimatuq aisimalunga ilinniarlanga ~pnb .,.)n b ~c-cr'<....;lr, LbdC)C a.... cr'~r Ac... Q..- ed, women would sew clothing and naanik, piqusinginnilu. Tagva uvan­ c-~rb ~bt>r--L'rC)C, brc-[>~c-~r- children played and learned while ga inuullunga ilinniartunga qaIlu­ '-....;l. LQ..a.... ~c-Q..c-<]l'\..<]c;bc-C;cC . they played. nat piqusianik, pijariaqarama piliri­ Today, we teenagers don't know r'~o-'L,'J' <'a..."...:>c. C>'bC>r'~' artaaruaruma, annaumalungalu. how to skin a seal or make kamiks. Sulijuq mirsurnirmik ilinniartitau­ e"c-c...')"...:> Now we have to go to school to pre­ vattugut, kisiani anaanaga saniniiqu­ An~o-~b Lc- b a...... ;lL'C ~b'- ....;la....c- c language and the old way of life is Aijarangama uqatijappamma tam­ over. We can't go back because now 6b../'Cc>'r"...:>c o-'p'r~o-"...:> A'r­ atjaullutik mirsuvit. Uqautivappara we don't know how to survive with­ taimanna ilinniarvimmi ajuqitugau­ 'de. 6c... ~o-'d' c>n?'L out the white man's help and food. lauratta. Anaanatali ilinniartilaunga b.c-cr'....;l'\,L....;l ~bC'\,Lc-b, b.c-c...t>Lb.Q..c-. the old way of life and learn what my ga anaanaga ungasittilluguluu? mother learned. Then I would teach ..J:.lC~bbbb b.c-Q..c-PC>o­ would always be a few years behind. jat, piqannaaIlu, ilangittauq qaIlu­ ~bcr'c- P"'Jr'Q..a.... c;c-<]~)'L. I wish I could stay home and learn naat taimanna isumajut, inuktigut C6L)" 'L 6c-~o-. "L ~c-cr' ....;l'L....;l qallunaaq - I have to if I want a job iliniarvigjuaqarajarnirmat. llinniaru­ b ~b'- ....;l6....c- , Ac;bdr"rQ..c-....;l. Cl.e'L 6-D"...:>a...' A"dr' L...:> 'L...:>. says, "That's the wrong way to sew." I Taimatuq inuktigut piliriarijangi ,.JC-~C;b rC;,J~c-C;rb b.c-Q..c-'bC>'../6...:>o- 6L ~a...6'd'bc>n7'<'L CL­ That's what I hate about going niaq&unilu. Piliriaqtaaruaqpunga '7c>"...:>n' "r'~'. C>'bc>ne'<'i away to school, away from far.lily, rel­ inulirinnaqtumik. atives, and friends. Some qallunaat ~a... 6c-~o-c...C>'i'c. 'L C>'b...:>o- ,'r'?r"Lo- 6c-~o-­ have to depend on one another. We 'L 'Lr"n"...:>J...'>7 are used to sharing and we are taught how it is done. I wish we had a high CL'7 6,J6r7'i c...",Jo­ ~c-Q..c-b~rb. C;PLb....;l"rC b.c...- r7 c , Ac;b"'"6....'-....;l, ~c..."rCc[>C;b S7 I Inungnik ilinniarniq Ikajuruarpunga qallunaanik nunamiutanillu qaujivaalliqullugit uvattinnik amma piqusittinnik. Qaujimangikkaluartunga ilisima­ jummangata inunnit. Tukisijau­ malirniq uvattinnik ajurniaqurmata tukisigaluartunga ilanginnut quvi­ agijaugajaqurmata. -Juusipi Angutialuk, ilinnianlta 10

Ukiurtartulu qallunaat nunaalu Atjigingitjutiluarput ilitsilu uvagullu tamaaninnatta ukiurtartumi, ilitsi ~b<"'....:lQ..o...C Cb.LQ..a.... b.,JL~c, b...D- school in Pangnirtung. Maybe some­ taisumani. Iniunnaaulauvugut. 'nJ' 'bo-J'it>"o-""t>~J' L::.b~­ day we will have one. Then we would Tamaanitturtaqamijuugaluaq qallu­ not have to leave our families. tituHunnit uiguititullunnit uqajuju­ "nrr r' L L'C Inuit, will take over the jobs that our urtartuminginnajujut inuitnatlait. Cb.L Q..a..... <"cr~b)r b.c-Q..cr" AC?Li",,-"JJ'. something to do with the Inuit. maktugut. Maannaujuq pitaqangi­ 'PLL::.7fL'nJ' I would like 10 help the white and Arnisuungittut amlakkuujut c b.c-CrL ~LL "<,?C I\c-rL 7e-fLi"C-,, 'nCt>'be-'Y' r'e-'bo-- people, it might be interesting. [>cr'""L - Josep" Allgootealuk, Grade 10 b...Dc-rL Q..a.... ")Lrb• Lee- 'dL...Je-o-

Llb~?""L ~bc- ...J6...a- b ....0 a.... I - The main difference between you tuqusimajunik? Tamanna katimaji­ (southerners) and us is that we iive up ralunut isumagijaujariaqarasugivara t>Ca-c-...J ~bt>r--~c-c-~dc- ...Jr c t>{'cn- here in the north and you live down nirjutinillu nalligusuktinut. "'a- b r--L­ there, We are mainly Inuit. There are Ilangit isumammata illuninasug­ 'r'b...:>"­ people who come here from the illuta. Ijurnakuni, taimannaingilirat­ (Jc. )Pr'[>LC-~a-"b I> {'Cn"'a-b south and speak English or French, tao IIlurjuaqaliratta atjukkasanginnik but most don't stay very long, The qallunaat nunaanittut. Uqalaurama­ ' 'd6\L7"d'LC. for the most part, Inuit. Very few - Musisi KlIl1uk, ilinl1iaruta 11 .J,' <1'Jn<1..J', t1c-"cr<1i'C 10 Inuit go south to live, We may be behind in what's hap­ pening in the world, but we manage I>Pt>"C~)...J ..bc-...JQ.. c ~ci...... J all right. We maynot have great writ­ c Llc-c""...J ers, scientists, etc. now, but maybe we l>eJ"..J cLcr"o..'c I>PI>'CJ" will have them in the future. 6c-'r' Cl>o..cr. 6.L>6"iLl>,-l>­ The few traditions we have left must be saved. One of these tradi­ c CLa-C)~C~bl~L...JLlJLln)L...J"'a- C [>"b­ people might not like the way that '.'J'. we kill the animals, but do we com­ I>PI>'CJ,'r"o..'6'0..',-­ plain about how some people kill ani­ mals only for sport? I think that 6'. 6' 'b"- certain organizations and animal lovers should worry more about this. P'Jr'"o..rLo.. ''''(cr' 'bl>i'~'nl>­ As I said, we live up here and you ~a-b, .C-7rLJ,','r' <"o..rL­ 'b- /\...Jb«/\C n b a-~~na-b )~d""- L'.L>' 6,'Lr71>7rL

6,-'r' 6,'L'LC 6"...:>cro..,'r­ L..JC • .6.~~a....da-, C.6.L ... a.....6. .... rc-­ 'i'C. 6"...:>'' .. bc....- [>CjL)C, cLa-C1.a.... cC, .6.c-<"" Cl>o..cr. -.1,',' d.L>', t1c-"cr<1i'C II

S9 ------:I [>P[>,b 1987 Winter 1987 Ukiuq 1987 Inmnmariit: An Inuit Way oflife by Donald Suluk ~..DLLiLC: b Inmnmariit: r" c; crC r" <] n.. r" r" L crC; b e e e Sivunitsioo-ll'SisU nmuq I r" c; crC;....J <] C; Pcr:-, Sivunirluaqinirlu Donald Suluk titiraqtaa 11-D11' r'~,,'r'- We have all heard that Inuit iglu, sivunirluarqisuurmata sometimes encountered both good mannaqtuq qaujimannaqsimmaaq- fortune and bad luck on the land and pakluni, nunamilu tariumilu imma- ....oa....r....:> Cn....t>i....:> LlLL ~b a-~"Llb, at sea. Perhaps bad luck would come qaa nirjummik, pitsiangilisariaqan- ACr'L...:>dr', mal meat. For example, someone galuarmat, ukua uuktuutigilugit, with bad luck might sight a caribou tuktumik takujuni ungasiktumik )'),' Cd"" t>'Lr"),' II..!,Q.- at a distance but be unable to catch pijuuminaqtumik, urniliraluarlugu up to it, or a seal hunter might see a ungammualirniqlutik ajurnaqsiplu seal come up for air and thf:n dive tillu amma natsirmik pinirluktuni down into deeper waters. These mis- puilluangittagajaaqlutik >l1c...:>n' fortunes are punishment for misusing puigajuklutillu sammuaklutik ...:>')" >11- wildlife. We've always been advised taimaguuq, qajarluunguvva L"b....:>no...... :> ~LJJ Sometimes an individual's misfor- aqiniup piqataa inuusirmut, taam- tunes can last for quite a long time, nali ilaanni sivitujumik atuqtau- perhaps.for the whole winter. We've vangmijuq, ilaanni ukiuluktaaq been told that when misfortune is

• [>< A<;b( D.....or<;J c, (La....c- IJ.'-- ~o- ,J€\)-e'r-p[>...,:,1o(<;1o 7...,:,1o(<;1o n" P,J'o.. ,J~o-'...on- fr'Lr70- 1'>...01'> 'dn'''t>o-" 'bd- n1od...,:,

Q.....,:,c-"ib.-'Lb'l"a-b I'> J> 1'>' I'>c-'n,JL-rL'-LI'>~o..r .-'L- 7'i'Lr"...o Lo- ' bo.. 'o..J' "'Lr'­ back home or it will become misfor­ luqinnaaqtajuungmat ilaannilu au­ tune to someone else. The Inuit tradi­ jaluktaaq tiannaattuttauq kisinaigu­ 'LC t>c-'J7'i'L"c- peeJ' I'> 'rt>- tional advice on life becomes uq taimna sivunirluaqinnaaqtuq b c c c- nLJ<~< The Sea near Eskimo Point isumagijani iluiqutiksauniangiquq­ Experienced Inuit know the sea pat pinginnilumiarluni tamajjaq­ r"bt>r'n- ~1o)Cn~L6...."i1o)"i1o L1od1o)C IJ.e- "'r c they ever become unsure, especially Tariunganik Ler"i1obf.-'t>"ier"if 1o rJ(;...,:,1o...,:,ni> r'cri>('i...,:,b...,:,n 1o A~'--...,:,- tals always face north at low tide and malu anuriqangillugu, naluliqsima­ L-" 0-€\c-~o-"bt>n7- because it's never too late even if you Une vie d'apprentissage n...~b'c-'i...o we don't know as yet. It's like that rc- nc-O-cr1ojnr ...,:,J. IJ.O-a....- life, because even the oldest people t>c-C;...,:,i='"L ~1o"'erb "iPo--O-_ have regrets for not paying attention more closely to what our elders tried a...n.. "i1o t>~J'r~,,'L 'Lc. l\C'b,,'L' L'd­ There are always obstacles that get Tukisigiarutit Naammaliqtun­ jc....t>~b)o-, Q....JQ.. ~....;J<]6\'Lc r"r' I\L~l>~LC. l>~CLI>L­ one person, as not all adults set a igluliusuraluklutik siniktaraluklutik ~l>' l\"dr"LC l>c...'L 'r~~ ... r'--..J<]6\~ ... rLc because they're afraid and some peo­ kamik qangasaqtut maniqami .6. ... a....t>L...JD. c. ple start to fear their relatives or their pinilugiaqangnikkut ilangittauq L<>'0... r','--c-....6 .... Jcr<;b JPr'",l>'- guardians. niviaqsiat sanatuttiamiajujut tian­ nc... 'L )pr"n,,-')LL' It is important that the traditional natut pinilugiakangnikkut. way of our ancestors is understood. In Sunaluktaat kinguvarnikut pinilu­ L"-a....l>C-<;bJ<;b ''--c-....6'Jcr''b "b"'L,","b the traditional way of thinking, even giarnasaarnikkut ajurnarmat kisian­ " Y' - if I were very knowledgeable concern­ iguuq pinilugiarnasaarnikkut ajurn­ 'rLL c.....J r"'--C-~"'JC-<;bJ....oC LQ..a.... ing hunting and other things, some armat kisianiguuq tamakkua ilin­ L"bLl..J"pO-o-Q.a.... <;Jc r'c;>c...c- ...D'J!>o~C- part of my life could still be lacking, niarialiit nuqautijariaqangittut for example, if' interrogated some­ nunaptingni uqangpagiaqanginnap­ l>'rLL' L~CL l>c... 'L l>.i>r"J' one or made someone fear me. taguuq "ilitsilangiquurama pisuan­ giliqtunga" innauliraluaruptaguuq suli ilinniaqpagiaqaqtugut nalujapt­ ingnik, sikituuq uuktuutigilugu. 'n­ nauliraluaqluta qaujimajuksanik qiniinnariaqamijuq ilaalu inuuqatil­ lu qinirutilugit, ingmiglu, kinguva­ rnikutiguttauq ugguaqpamigapta suuq naalakpalaunginnirmangaata. Pitaqajungmat makkutuulaurqtuni, nalunarluavingat aturnilugaksaq inuusirmut. Inungmit atausirmit pigajuinmata, innaugaluit piqusin­ gata ilanga ajuqaqsijaksaungilluavi­ jungmimat, makkutungininaglaat naamlagijaungilluavijungmimat innauga]uit. Maanna sivullinuungguniq tukisi­ jattiarialik ilanga tukisittiriittuum­ <])<;10)",",<;1> r',c..c-....6 ...J"'~C[>LLc cr- A Good Life mat maannauliqtuq sivullinuungu­ "pll.o-"r b It is said that when an Inuk is liVing niq qangasaq atulauqtuq atungilir­

1\7'Ll>~a-'r~ ~ c-"r'r'L ,,',,.i>r"L with people who are not too proud of niinnarmut sivullinuungujju­ l>c... 'L 6.. LL'r')''' l>c-~- rejects no one, and he treats all peo­ mut atuqtuksaq sivullinuungujju­ ple the same way. This is the type of ,.JbnCr'cr'i...J, [>10/\ <;bJ"'Jr'L "'rQ..crc;....:l, taummat niatna tukqaqtuq person that other people are happy to maqiluqinnirmik pijangainnirmillu r'L 'rC<'--c- ')"r'~~c-La... .. r ...... b b...ob .6.....6',-1<]<;10)<;10 for a child to say that, when an adult l>-Dr"LC l>c... 'L I\I>r'r'r')a-j" does it is unpleasant for everyone. "d6\<]r7"b<;b"b'-....:II1- bt..,"bn"b-

• Some people are always trying to Sivulliit Pivallianiit Arviami win over anyone they're having con­ Apiqsuqturautpallianiit versations with by agreeing with Qanuq Pisuqsivalliannaralu­ whatever is said. When someone is ngmangaat Maqaittuqsiva­ acting iike that it is easy to tell llianiralungnik because they tend to forget what they Tusaumanarmijuq inuk inuutsiaq­ just said they beiieved in. Those who tuq inusingata ilanga piusugingit­ pretend to be a good person pretend tuniguuq quviagijaqaqpaktuq in­ not to notice things and pretend not miniglu piruqtiqpangittunik. Uqal­ to hear things that might make them luriksaqatiqarialajuni inuviluqangit­ iook bad. They're happy just so iong tuni. Taitnaguuq qUviagijauvaktut ;; as they are better off than other peo­ silatujunit. ~ pie. It is easy to know who is just pre­ Pitsiarnaqtumiglu pitsiarnangit­ ~ tending to be a good person because turnillu atulauqaminik unipkaala­ 1: they tend to get mad very easily, even juq, qaujititsilajuq suiingitsiaqlutik. (i when people are just joking with Piqatiqaraangamilu ingmininnaq ~ them. They also get very pushy with pinilukpangittuq piqatiminik ikajut­ 25 other peopie and say bad things siaqtuq. Piliriningalu sapilijuittuuja­ ",'b'r')". n~')' r'<:...)' <]Jc....[>"brcr b I>o-i"-n'r'c.... ~<;b ",~"'rCr'n b• /\ 'bn'b~'Lr...:> b. 'r"~CL" /\,,­ ...:>'<'r')" /\'bnr,,' L'>b'

<;1»<;1>. !\c-ru,.."!.J...:> ~I\c-~fj,cj- \.")" r'<:...)'cr....:>b)<;b 6.....6r"r JC ~I\ "a....dcrc.... "crr b ~c...... :><]"a.....6.- dcrc.... "o-"r<-....:> t><;b<;bCLlc-"""\ «d"brLLcrb

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L cr rL 71> ....r L0- b. <]LL t><;b<...... Jn..b~<;bnrcrb ~c...- b~\r....:>.6.a..a.... <;b)<;b 1\l>,Jro-'1<;bc[>­ ~LrL'. CL'd,,'Lc;...:>' )Pr'r'L'r'­ all over the place. And when you naammagijauniluktuq inuusir­ 'r')'",,' I>b.L­ come face to face with them, they migut. b.7")' 'd6\~'L'. Pr'i"L71>~'r'" nbb....:><;b...,:,n >-r- ?'a....6. <;b....:In >.6.J<;bn<- ....:> ing to iead a good life. nainniraininurlu innaarni. Nutaq­ /\~'LC. kamguuq uqappagik ujjirnaangit­ tuugaluaq. lnnaukpat amisuirluni /\ C r' <]<;r b 1:1...i:Jr' "b <;br'<;b )<;b)' uqaqtaqpat tusarnirijaungimmanik. "bl> r-- 'rCr'<;b)<;b

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~ ~ . C..D' r'...:>' Top: Donald Suluk: an Inuk Donald Suluk. philosopher. Mary Anautalik nutaraangalu Paul r Ce-', ..DCLC~<'...'L...:>, Bottom: Mary Anautalik (with baby, Anautalik ammalu Uukanaaq. <" I>bCL" Paul Anautalik) and Uukanaaq. 63 J "Ld> r

6....DC,Jnp,.c>­ the people who loved them - their tukisisimatsiaqtut nammagijaungit­ r'''-a.... c...c....rL,6\c.... c. .6.c....r""a-c-....:l ~c....­ parents and grandparents. It was said tuksanik uimaijaqtut quviagijau­ b "b ....y<]<;b ....:In 8...o"bna-...,:) a.. LL 're that the joy you get from material vangmat. Kisianiptauq qaujimajau­ )r' C>'bC>r',,-~·...oP', ,,-pr- things is like being happy for one vangmijuq tiatnatut ittuunilukkalu­ day. But the happiness that comes qlutik attut ajurtut ujjirungnaiqpak­ "b<;b)C )~<;CL<;b?" and from having enough food lasts Pitsiarmik inuusiqaqsiqtuqtut .6...o Cr''bC>r',,-~c...c>'r\'- C>'bC>'i'"- thing that could could mar that kind tuqpalutillu pivangmata. Pitsiarni­

b b of peace is sickness. qsaumiaraangamik quviasuksinna­ ,..sr "b..o"b LL.i>7n....")' C'"'dcr'c tumik uqausirivakiutik, nakimiaq a... Lc-rr--rc....[><;bcr""cro <:I "r<;br"L ~c uqaqtut tusarnaqpakiuni. Takugaan­ r'C"")c-s...o'bC>r"P ni sungittuujaqtuugaUaq. Tamatjap­ ,,-c...C>'r'LP~,,- 'LC "'-Dr' J' "'...0<1­ tauruuq ivuutsiaqsiqturniup ilanga sivullipta uqausirivalaurmijaa qau­ 'P...oCC>-'!cr'. 1\ 'dn~J" 'd&\ <1,,- '- jjijaraamik qanuq inuujariaqanir­ C c cr'L [> <.....:>.6. "-a....<;I», .6. )<;b • .6.c....r - mik. Inuutsiarniq inuutsiasiqtur­ r'<....=J "d6\ r''')''• nagligijigilaurqtamingnik angiqsi­ majut sutaittuuliraluaqtillugit. Uqausingi nalautsimaginnarmata inuusimut iluangilutaujunik. Piqutinguq quvianarninga upluin­ naqtut ittuq. llagiitsiarnirli niqiqat­ siarniuplu quvianarninga pitsian­ ginniqtillugu quvianarungnaiqpan­ gittuq. Anniarniruuq kisimi quvia­ narugnairutausuqtuq. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 'br Cc-' (1955) Credits Qaarni ajjinnguaq: AnautaIik Page 11: "Story of Louq", by Lipa Pitsiulak, (1955) Pangnirtung. Reprinted with permission of Cover Photo: Anautalik (1955) the Pangirtung Inuit Co-operative. Page 18 "Walrus", by Pootoogook Photo: Geert van den Steenhoven Kananginak, reproduced with permission of the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative Ltd., Cape Dorset, N.W.T. Page 28: "Bears Having Fun", by Paulusi Sivua Alasua. Reproduced with permission of the Povungnituk Co-operative Association, Povungnituk, P.Q. Page 30: "Song", by Agnes Nanogak. Reproduced with permission of the Holman Eskimo Co-op, Holman, NWT. Page 31: "Full Moon", by Franl;oise Oklaga. Reproduced with permission of the Sanavik Co-operative Association, Baker Lake, N.W.T. Page 33: "In the Night Sky", by Mary Pitseolak. Reproduced with permission of the West Baffin Eskimo Co·operative Ltd, N.W.T. Drawings on pages 5,11, 15, 17, 18,20, 23,26,36,42,43,45,46,47,56,S8,60,and 61 by Mary Panigoosho Cousins. All are 64 reprinted from previous issues of Inllktitut.