Les Vers À Soie Malgaches Les Vers Les Vers À Soie Malgaches Enjeux Écologiques Et Socio-Économiques Dans La Même Collection

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Les Vers À Soie Malgaches Les Vers Les Vers À Soie Malgaches Enjeux Écologiques Et Socio-Économiques Dans La Même Collection Haubruge é LesLes versvers àà soiesoie malgachesmalgaches Enjeux écologiques et socio-économiques F. Verheggen, J. Bogaert, Bogaert, J. Verheggen, F. François Verheggen Jan Bogaert éric Haubruge éditeurs scientifiques Les vers à soie malgaches Les vers Les vers à soie malgaches Enjeux écologiques et socio-économiques Dans la même collection Berti F. et al., 2006. Le coton dans tous ses états. 118 p., 20 fig., 15 tab. Bock L. et al., 2011. 3ème Journée d’étude du Projet de Cartographie Numérique des Sols de Wallonie. L’information pédologique... comment mieux la valoriser : vers un système d’information sur les sols ? 116 p., 59 fig., 21 tab. Boudru M., 1989. Forêt et sylviculture. Traitement des forêts. 356 p., 87 fig., 35 tab. Boudru M., 1992. Forêt et sylviculture. Boisements et reboisements artificiels. 348 p., 11 fig., 36 tab. Bousson E., 2003. Gestion forestière intégrée. Approche structurée basée sur l’analyse multicritère. 303 p., 79 fig., 52 tab., 7 photos. Colson V., Granet A.M., Vanwijnsberghe S., 2012. Loisirs en forêt et gestion durable. 304 p., 286 ill., 7 tab. Dagnelie P., 1975. Analyse statistique à plusieurs variables. 362 p., 20 fig., 28 tab. Dagnelie P. et al., 1988. Tables de production relatives à l’épicéa commun. 124 p., 44 tab. Dagnelie P., 2012. (2e éd.). Principes d’expérimentation. Planification des expériences et analyse de leurs résultats. 413 p., 71 fig., 86 tab. Dagnelie P. et al., 2013. Cubage des arbres et des peuplements forestiers : tables et équations. 176 p., 100 tab. Delacharlerie S. et al., 2008. HACCP organoleptique. Guide pratique. 176 p., photos en couleur. Delvigne F. et al., 2010. 2ème journée de réflexion de l’EDT GEPROC : génie des procédés appliqué aux bio- industries. 94 p., 51 fig., 29 tab. Delvingt W., 2001. La forêt des hommes. Terroirs villageois en forêt tropicale africaine. 288 p., 39 fig., 51 tab., 22 photos en couleur. Delvingt W., Vermeulen C., 2007. Nazinga. 312 p., 38 fig., 54 tab., 282 photos en couleur. Demol J., 2002. Amélioration des plantes. Application aux principales espèces cultivées en régions tropicales. 584 p., 77 fig., 20 tab., 72 photos en couleur. Didderen I. et al., 2009. Le bioéthanol de seconde génération. La production d’éthanol à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique. 128 p., 65 fig., 24 tab. Doucet J.L. et al., 2012. Regards croisés sur la foresterie communautaire. L’expérience camerounaise. 216 p., 141 photos couleur. Druart Ph., Husson C. & Paul R., 2013. Renaturation des berges de cours d’eau et phytoremédiation. Utilisation d’écotypes ligneux de ripisylves pour l’ingénierie végétale. 156 p., 52 fig., 14 tab. Feltz C., Toussaint A. (coord.), 2006. Conversations paysagères 2004. 77 p., 24 photos, 2 tab. Laitat E., Marcoen J-M. (coord.), 2004. Terre wallonne – Humains admis. 92 p., 22 fig., 24 tab. Ledent A., Burny P., 2002. La politique agricole commune des origines au 3e millénaire. 600 p., 4 fig., 41 tab. Mahy G. et al. (coord.), 2005. Les pelouses calcicoles : du paysage aux gènes. 80 p., 23 fig., 7 tab., 10 photos. Malaisse F., 2010. How to Live and Survive in Zambezian open Forest (MIOMBO Ecoregion). 424 p., 76 fig., 85 tab., 41 photos + 1 CD-ROM (387 photos en couleur). Nanson A., 2004. Génétique et amélioration des arbres forestiers. 712 p., 103 ill., 25 tab. Neuray G., 1982 (Réimpression 2004). Des paysages. Pour qui ? Pourquoi ? Comment ? 590 p., 300 ill. Rondeux J., Thibaut A., 1996. Tables de production relatives au douglas. 152 p., 5 fig., 61 tab. Rondeux J., 1997. La forêt et les hommes. Arrêt sur images 1900-1930. 94 p., 82 photos. Rondeux J., 1999. La mesure des arbres et des peuplements forestiers. 544 p., 70 fig., 67 tab., 20 photos. Sindic M. et al., 2010. Valorisation de l’amidon de blé. Incidences des modalités de culture sur les propriétés techno-fonctionnelles. 72 p., 29 fig., 6 tab. Vandenberghe Ch., Marcoen J.M. (éds), 2010. Atelier Nitrate-Eau. évaluation du programme de Gestion Durable de l’Azote. 125 p., 55 fig., 67 tab. Vandenberghe Ch. et al. (éds), 2013. 2e Atelier Nitrate-Eau. évaluation du Programme de Gestion Durable de l’Azote. 154 p., 59 fig., 54 tab. Vermeulen Ph. et al. (coord.), 2009. Feed Safety International Conference 2007. 70 p., 11 tab., 20 fig. Vermeulen Ph. et al., 2011. 3rd International Feed Safety Conference Methods and Challenges. 72 p., 23 tab., 20 fig. dont 2 en couleur. Les vers à soie malgaches Enjeux écologiques et socio-économiques François Verheggen Jan Bogaert éric Haubruge éditeurs scientifiques LES PRESSES AGRONOMIquES DE GEMBLOux 1 Borocera cajani sur tapia 2 Tisseuse de la commune d'Arivonimamo 3 Bois de tapia de la commune d'Arivonimamo 4 Cocon de ver à soie © Diez L. Photo de fond : Commune d'Arivonimamo © Barsics F. 2013 LES PRESSES AGRONOMIquES DE GEMBLOux, A.S.B.L. Passage des Déportés 2 — B-5030 Gembloux (Belgique) Tél. : +32 (0) 81 62 22 42 E-mail : [email protected] uRL : www.pressesagro.be D/2013/1665/128 ISBN 978-2-87016-128-9 Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons. Vous êtes libre de reproduire, de modifier, de distribuer et de communiquer cette création au public selon les conditions suivantes : • paternité (BY) : vous devez citer le nom de l’auteur original de la manière indiquée par l’auteur de l’oeuvre ou le titulaire des droits qui vous confère cette autorisation (mais pas d’une manière qui suggérerait qu’ils vous soutiennent ou approuvent votre utilisation de l’œuvre) ; • pas d’utilisation commerciale (NC) : vous n’avez pas le droit d’utiliser cette création à des fins commerciales ; • partage des conditions initiales à l’identique (SA) : si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, vous n’avez le droit de distribuer la création qui en résulte que sous un contrat identique à celui-ci. À chaque réutilisation ou distribution de cette création, vous devez faire apparaître clairement au public les conditions contractuelles de sa mise à disposition. Chacune de ces conditions peut être levée si vous obtenez l’autorisation du titulaire des droits sur cette œuvre. Rien dans ce contrat ne diminue ou ne restreint le droit moral de l’auteur. Publié avec l’aide du Service public de Wallonie (Aides à la promotion de l’emploi) à la mémoire de Olga Ramilijaona Ravoahangimalala — Avant-propos La soie fut une matière valorisée par les Malgaches bien avant la colonisation ; présentes dans plusieurs régions du pays, les techniques de filature et de tissage furent maîtrisées par beaucoup de femmes à travers l’île, mais de manière encore très artisanale. Madagascar dispose en effet de plusieurs atouts pour permettre le développement de cette filière de production de soie : un climat d’altitude, les savoir-faire artisanaux et surtout une longue expérience en sériciculture. Si la soie reste encore fréquemment utilisée dans la vie courante malgache et les rites qui la marquent, l’élevage des vers à soie lui-même a été délaissé, probablement à cause de la complexité de la technique et par les tabous encore existants au niveau des collectivités rurales. Cependant, les formations de tapia de la région du centre abritent plusieurs espèces de papillons endémiques, dont les chenilles sont productrices d’une soie de bonne qualité. La conservation de ces espèces est malheureusement menacée par le problème environnemental principal à Madagascar : la déforestation. Les causes en sont multiples : la population utilise du charbon de bois pour cuisiner et pour se chauffer et les paysans cultivent en terre brûlée. Le respect pour la culture ancestrale demeure fortement présent dans l’esprit des communautés rurales ; il est très difficile de faire changer les habitudes, même si les populations sont conscientes qu'elles mettent en danger les produits et services de leur environnement immédiat. Ces constats ont formé le point de départ du projet de coopération universitaire « Gestion et valorisation durable du ver à soie endémique Borocera cajani en milieu forestier dans la région d’Antananarivo » (GeVaBo) financé par la Commission universitaire pour le Développement (CIUF-CUD). La Faculté de Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech de l’Université de Liège axe depuis longtemps une part significative de ses activités vers les pays en voie de développement. C’est dans cet esprit qu’éric Haubruge et François Malaisse, professeurs à Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, après divers contacts avec Madame Naritiana Rakotoniaina concernant Borocera cajani, avaient initié une collaboration avec le Département des Eaux et Forêts de l’école Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Université d’Antananarivo, et proposé à la CUD le projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire cité ci-dessus autour de la thématique de la valorisation des vers à soie, de leur habitat et de la filière soie. Ce projet avait les ambitions suivantes : (a) étudier l’écologie des différentes espèces de vers à soie endémiques, et mettre en place des élevages de masse de vers à soie sauvages endémiques en milieux universitaire et rural ; (b) étudier les aspects écologiques et botaniques de l’habitat des vers à soie, à savoir les formations de tapia (Uapaca bojeri Baill.) ; (c) évaluer, par une approche socio-anthropologique, la place de la soie au sein des populations locales et la faisabilité de la mise en place de stratégies de gestion et de conservation des espèces de vers à soie sauvages ; (d) étudier les possibilités de création d’une filière de production durable de soie sauvage. Une part importante du financement reçu a permis d’organiser trois thèses de doctorat soutenues à l’Université d’Antananarivo par Tsiresy Razafimanantsoa, Olivia Rakotondrasoa et Misha Rabearisoa. De nombreux étudiants belges ont également pris part au projet. De ce travail collégial, plusieurs communications scientifiques ont été publiées, dont certaines dans des revues internationales renommées.
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