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REFORMING PRIMARY EDUCATION in PAKISTAN in the INTEREST of U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Schoo
REFORMING PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN IN THE INTEREST OF U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Liberal Studies By Maureen Bessingpas, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. November 21, 2009 Copyright © 2009 by Maureen Bessingpas All rights reserved. ii REFORMING PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN IN THE INTEREST OF U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY Maureen Bessingpas, B.A. Mentor: Joseph Smaldone, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the failures of Pakistan’s educational system and proposes concrete measures to reform it, drawing on local models that have proven successful. Specifically, it seeks to determine a link between U.S. security and a functional primary education system in the state of Pakistan. UNICEF and other global human rights institutions show that educating girls is one of the most lasting ways to increase stability, prosperity, and peace. When girls have the opportunity to obtain an education, their standard of living rises and their families have a better chance of escaping the cycle of poverty. There is a concern within the U.S. that the growing threat of terrorism is being bred among the villages in Pakistan where both education and employment opportunities are non-existent. The education system in Pakistan is unregulated, underfunded and in need of a complete overhaul. Pakistan has consistently spent less than 2% GDP on education, less than any developed nation outside of Africa. That combined with an exploding population has created an environment rich with uneducated and unemployed youth, who are currently being recruited into the anti-American insurgency known as the Taliban. -
A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. -
Survey of Ecotourism Potential in Pakistan's Biodiversity Project Area (Chitral and Northern Areas): Consultancy Report for IU
Survey of ecotourism potential in Pakistan’s biodiversity project area (Chitral and northern areas): Consultancy report for IUCN Pakistan John Mock and Kimberley O'Neil 1996 Keywords: conservation, development, biodiversity, ecotourism, trekking, environmental impacts, environmental degradation, deforestation, code of conduct, policies, Chitral, Pakistan. 1.0.0. Introduction In Pakistan, the National Tourism Policy and the National Conservation Strategy emphasize the crucial interdependence between tourism and the environment. Tourism has a significant impact upon the physical and social environment, while, at the same time, tourism's success depends on the continued well-being of the environment. Because the physical and social environment constitutes the resource base for tourism, tourism has a vested interest in conserving and strengthening this resource base. Hence, conserving and strengthening biodiversity can be said to hold the key to tourism's success. The interdependence between tourism and the environment is recognized worldwide. A recent survey by the Industry and Environment Office of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/IE) shows that the resource most essential for the growth of tourism is the environment (UNEP 1995:7). Tourism is an environmentally-sensitive industry whose growth is dependent upon the quality of the environment. Tourism growth will cease when negative environmental effects diminish the tourism experience. By providing rural communities with the skills to manage the environment, the GEF/UNDP funded project "Maintaining Biodiversity in Pakistan with Rural Community Development" (Biodiversity Project), intends to involve local communities in tourism development. The Biodiversity Project also recognizes the potential need to involve private companies in the implementation of tourism plans (PC II:9). -
Breanne Wright the View from The
1 Breanne Wright The View from the Top 2 For the years of Greg Mortenson’s life leading up to his K2 expedition, the closest thing he had to a home was his grandmother’s old burgundy Buick and the closest thing he felt to love was a crush on a resident anesthesiologist at the UCSF medical center where he worked. Other than La Bamba and Dr. Marina Villard, Mortenson’s life consisted of work and a keen awkwardness induced by a lack of familiarity with his own culture. After failing to summit the second highest peak in the world, Mortenson stumbled into the neighboring village of Korphe. The combination of his appreciation of the warm hospitality he received and the shock associated with his realization of the lack of a system or venue of education motivated Mortenson to return Korphe with supplies to build a small school. The memoir Three Cups of Tea, written by David Oliver Relin and lived by Greg Mortenson, traced Mortenson’s journey of personal growth as he fulfilled his mission to educate the children of Pakistan and surrounding regions one school at a time. In Three Cups of Tea, the problems Mortenson faced with gathering funds, being manipulated by former companions, and communicating overseas resulted in networking that would be useful throughout his journey, a sense of dignity, and true love. Upon returning to the United States from his attempt at the K2, Mortenson kept the promise he made to build a school on the forefront of his mind. His first obligation was to accumulate the funds he would need to purchase necessary supplies. -
Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches Documentaires Sur L'afghanistan
Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches documentaires sur l’Afghanistan Association Loi 1901 16, passage de la Main d'Or - 75011 PARIS [email protected] Bibliographie Janvier 2019 1 Repère alphabétique A ABBAS, Hassan ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 B BABUR ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 25 C CAGNAT, René, .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48 D DAGENS, Bruno .............................................................................................................................................................................. 65 E EDEL, Patrick .................................................................................................................................................................................. 76 F FAIZI, Abdulmalik ........................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Ǧ ǦALĀL AL-DĪN RŪMĪ .................................................................................................................................................................. 89 H HABEREY, -
Greg Mortenson Author
Greg Mortenson Author - Humanitarian Born 1957 When Greg Mortenson was a baby his parents moved from Minnesota to Africa, to the country of Tanganyika (Tanzania). His father started a school to train doctors and also a school to teach children. Greg learned the language and the customs of the country. When he was 11 years old he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro which was Africa's highest mountain. He had three sisters. His youngest sister Christa was a sickly child. After the school was completed the family moved back to America. After he finished high school he joined the Army for two years where he served as a medic in Germany. Upon completion of his military service he attended college. He washed dishes and worked in a hospital to make money. He drove home every other weekend to visit his father who was dying of cancer. He graduated from the University of South Dakota with a degree in nursing and chemistry. He decided he wanted to be outdoors. He wanted to climb mountains. During one climb he fell 800 feet, but it only dislocated his shoulder and broke a bone in his arm. He later learned that at the very time of his accident his sister Christa had died of a seizure. His friend asked him to go to Pakistan with him to climb a large mountain called K2. During the climb Greg became lost. He finally found the porter he had hired, but then he took a wrong turn and was lost again. He walked and walked. It was very cold. -
Three Cups of Tea ( the Young Reader's Edition)
The Promise Greg watched and listened as the children sang Pakistan’s national anthem to start their school day. He saw Twaha’s seven-year-old daughter, Jahan, standing tall and straight beneath her headscarf as she sang. When the song ended, they sat down in the dirt and began writing out their multiplication tables. A few, like Jahan, had slates on which they wrote with sticks dipped in mud. The rest scratched in the dirt with sticks. “Can you imagine a fourth-grade class in America, alone, without a teacher, sitting there quietly and working on their lessons?” Greg asked later. “I felt like my heart was being torn out…. I knew I had to do something.” But what could he do? He had barely enough money left to travel by jeep and bus to Pakistan’s capital, where he would catch an airplane to fly home. Still, there had to be something. Standing next to Haji Ali, looking at the mountains that he’d come halfway around the world to climb, Greg suddenly felt that reaching the summit of K2 to place a necklace there wasn’t really important. He could do something much better than that to honor his sister, Christa. He put his hands on Haji Ali’s shoulders. “I will build a school,” he said. “I promise.” Three Cups of Tea Young Readers Edition Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin Adapted for young readers by Sarah Thomson PUFFIN BOOKS PUFFIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Young Readers Group, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. -
Comparative Analysis of Education in Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan
Out of School Children in Gilgit Baltistan Comparative Analysis of Education in Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan Hunza Nagar = 2% Enrollment by Gender & Type of School Learning Level of Urdu, English & Arithmatic by district Ranking Early Years education enrollment should be promoted in GB as 91% of the children 80 72 74 Ghizer = 3% of age group 3-5 year never enrolled in ECE/ECD followed by Skardu with 81%, 69 70 69 70 66 64 65 66 66 66 Ghanche with 58%, Astore with 57%, Ghizer with 48% and Hunza Nagar with 63 61 57 58 58 29%.However overall 40% of children of GB are receiving Early Childhood 60 55 56 53 54 54 Eductaion as compare to 37% at national level. 50 Gilgit = 12% 100% 95% Government School 40 90% 80% 30 70% 63% 61% 20 57% 60% 55% 55% 49%51% 50% 45% 43% 45% 10 37% 39% In GB, district Diamer is worst Diamir = 52% Skardu = 19% 40% 0 performing with respect to 30% Astore Diamir Ghanche Ghizer Gilgit Hunza Nagar Skardu Ghanche = 10% 20% enrollment of children having 10% 5% Learning Level of Urdu Learning Level of English Learning Level of Arithmatic an age range of 5 to 16. This is Astore = 7% 0% Learning Level of Urdu by School Type and Gender: badly affecting the overall Astore Diamir Ghanche Ghizer Gilgit Hunza Nagar Skardu Children (Age group 5-16) from district Ghizer are performing better in Urdu with 74% followed by enrollment rate of GB. district Astore with 72%, Diamer and Gilgit with 66%, Ghanche with 57% and Skardu with 54%. -
Three Cups of Tea Vocabulary List Introduction: “In Mr
Three Cups of Tea Vocabulary List Introduction: “In Mr. Mortenson’s Orbit” sortie: n – the flying of an airplane on a combat mission. ibex: n – any of several wild goats of the genus Capra, inhabiting mountainous regions of Eurasia and North Africa, having long, recurved horns. paiya chu: n – a type of butter tea, “forms of the basis of the Balti diet” (21), green tea, salt, baking soda, goat’s milk and yak’s butter jirgas: n – a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus madrassa: n – a school or college, especially a school attached to a mosque where young men study theology Chapter 1: “Failure” shalwar kamiz: n – a traditional dress worn by both women and men, a tunic shirt with loose- fitting trousers scree: n – loose rock debris covering a slope promontory: n – a bluff, or part of a plateau, overlooking a lowland aerie: n – a lofty nest of any large bird; a house or fortress Chapter 2: “The Wrong Side of the River” cornice: n – a mass of snow, ice, etc., projecting over a mountain ridge colossi: n – anything colossal, gigantic, or very powerful cairns: n – a heap of stones set up as a landmark or monument Allah Akbhar : n – “God is Great”, often used as a form of greeting cha: n – tea rupees: n – a form of currency, 40 rupees approximately equals $1 kurba: n – skull-shaped unleavened bread, baked each morning by the Balti zamba: n – a bridge, often made of yak hair rope lashed together and hung between two rocks angrezi: n – Balti word for Greg, a “strange white man” topi: n – lambswool pillbox cap nurmadhar: n -
Lesson 8 Three Cups of Tea (Excerpts) Chapter 12 Haji Ali’S Lesson
Lesson 8 Three Cups of Tea (Excerpts) Chapter 12 Haji Ali’s Lesson Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin Additional Background Material for Teachers’ Reference 1. Greg Mortenson Born on 27 December 1957, Greg Mortenson is an American humanitarian, writer, and former mountaineer. He and Dr. Jean Hoerni co-founded the non-profit Central Asia Institute and he is its executive director. He also founded the educational charity Pennies for Peace. He is the protagonist and co-author of the No.1 New York Times bestseller Three Cups of Tea, published in 2006. The sequel, Stones into Schools was released in 2009. In the spring of 1958 when Greg was only three months old, his parents moved their family from Minnesota to East Africa to teach in a girls’ school and four years later helped establish Tanzania’s first teaching hospital on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. He and his sisters attended a school where children were from more than two dozen different countries. Mortenson’s mother founded the International School Moshi in 1969. From his parents Greg inherited compassion for the local poor people. At the age of 11 Greg climbed to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. From his parents Greg inherited two things: love for climbing and compassion for the poor and unprivileged. 199 高级英语教师用书 1 After moving back to the U.S., Mortenson served in the U.S. army in Germany from 1975 to 1977 as a medic, and received the Army Commendation Medal. He attended Concordia College, Moorhead, from 1977 to 1979 on an athletic scholarship. -
POLIMIFORKARAKORUM. Proge O Di Valorizzazione Turis Ca Nel Central Karakorum Na Onal Park, Gilgit Bal Stan, Pakistan
E. Be E. Be Il Ilvolume volume raccoglie raccoglie la la sintesi sintesi degli degli esi� esi� di di un un proge�o proge�o di di valorizzazione valorizzazione turis�ca turis�ca dei dei territori territori del del Central Karakorum Na�onal Park (CKNP) nel Nord del Pakistan, denominato POLIMIFORKARAKORUM.POLIMIFORKARAKORUM. Central Karakorum Na�onal Park (CKNP) nel Nord del Pakistan, denominato r r sani PolimiforKarakorum,PolimiforKarakorum, risultato risultato tra tra i vincitorii vincitori del del premio premio Polisocial Polisocial Award Award 2013-2014 2013-2014 e, e, come come sani Proge�o di valorizzazione turis�ca tale, finanziato dal Politecnico di Milano. Nell’o�ca che si debba cooperare per valorizzare il Proge�o di valorizzazione turis�ca tale, finanziato dal Politecnico di Milano. Nell’o�ca che si debba cooperare per valorizzare il E. Invernizzi M. Locatelli E. Invernizzi M. Locatelli E. Be E. Be territorioterritorio come come bene bene condiviso condiviso da da difendere difendere e enon non da da aggredire, aggredire, ha ha guidato guidato il ilproge�o proge�o la la E. Be nel Central Karakorum Na�onal Park, convinzioneIl volume cheraccoglieIl volume il “turismo laraccoglie sintesiIl volume sostenibile degli la raccoglie sintesi esi� deglidi ladi unsintesi comunità” esi�proge�o degli di un esi� diproge�o possavalorizzazione di un proge�o effe�vamente di valorizzazione di turis�ca valorizzazione deifavorire turis�ca territori turis�ca deiuno del territoridei territori del del nel Central Karakorum Na�onal Park, convinzioneCentral cheKarakorumCentral il “turismo Karakorum CentralNa�onal sostenibile Karakorum Na�onalPark di comunità”(CKNP) Na�onalPark nel(CKNP) Parkpossa Nord (CKNP) effe�vamentenel del Nord nelPakistan, Norddel favorire delPakistan,denominato Pakistan, uno denominato denominato POLIMIFORKARAKORUM.POLIMIFORKARAKORUM.POLIMIFORKARAKORUM. -
Three Cups of Tea Chapter Quizzes and Vocabulary
Chapter Review/Study Guide 1 Three Cups of Tea Study Guide: DURING READING Chapter Review Questions and Vocabulary Before readers can discuss the thematic or generic aspects of a text, they must have read and understood, at least on the surface, the events of the narrative. The questions below are designed to elicit the kind of objective knowledge that will ensure readers are following along with and making sense of the narrative. For each chapter there are review questions and some possible assignments that emerge from those questions. In addition, there are lists of locations and vocabulary. HINTS FOR REVIEW QUESTIONS: Beneath some of the review questions are suggested activities for presenting or discussing these questions and addressing the responses in the classroom. Teachers might consider the following approach to using the activities suggested below. For each suggested discussion, start by having students jot down their thoughts in a WRITING NOTEBOOK (also called A WRITER'S NOTEBOOK, it is a place where students can write about what they are reading and studying. What they write about is up to them--it can be a personal reflection, a question about the text, a connection to another book, movie, song, or class, etc.--however, what they write must be connected to their school work; in other words, this is not a personal journal or diary). At the end of the "unit" or of the text, ask students to choose one of the items about which they wrote in their WRITING NOTEBOOK and develop that into a longer writing assignment, for example, an analytical essay or a research paper.