Pontifícia Universidade Católica De São Paulo PUC-SP Daniel Mendes

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Pontifícia Universidade Católica De São Paulo PUC-SP Daniel Mendes Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC-SP Daniel Mendes Gomes Geografia no ensino secundário em São Paulo (1834 – 1896) Doutorado em Educação São Paulo 2016 1 Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC-SP Daniel Mendes Gomes Geografia no ensino secundário em São Paulo (1834 – 1896) Doutorado em Educação Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de DOUTOR em Educação - História da Educação, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Kazumi Munakata. São Paulo 2016 2 Banca Examinadora _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ 3 À Manuela, milha filha. 4 Este trabalho foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Sou muito grato aos meus amigos que tanto me ajudaram. Sem eles eu não teria conseguido elaborar esta tese: Ao Luiz Carlos Novaes pela amizade, pelo incentivo, por ter me indicado o EHPS e por sempre me ajudar em minhas inúmeras dúvidas. Ao meu orientador, Kazumi Munakata, por mais uma vez ter aceitado o desafio de me orientar. Obrigado pelas dicas, pela paciência, pelos livros emprestados e pelo apoio. A minha esposa, Isabel Cristina, pelo carinho e paciência ao longo dos últimos quatro anos, garantido a tranquilidade necessária para que eu pudesse escrever esta tese. À Betinha que, com muita calma e profissionalismo, me ajudou a tirar dúvidas e orientar nessas questões burocráticas e administrativas da vida de doutorando e bolsista, e pelas cópias que me enviou dos textos selecionados no processo seletivo do programa. Ao Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação: História, Política, Sociedade pela acolhida desde o mestrado. Aos funcionários do Museu e Arquivo da Faculdade de Direito, Geraldo e Márcia, pela ajuda e pelo trabalho que realizam. Da mesma forma aos funcionários da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo e do Museu José Vicente de Azevedo. À Maria Rita Castro, amiga e companheira geógrafa, por ter conseguido as cópias de diversas teses e dissertações. Ao Ricardo Tomasiello Pedro pelos empréstimos de teses. Às professoras Circe Maria Fernandes Bittencourt e Maria Adailza Martins de Albuquerque (Dadá) por terem participado da minha banca de qualificação contribuindo para o texto final desta tese. Também agradeço à Maria do Carmo Martins e Manoel Fernandes Sousa Neto por participarem da banca de defesa. Ao professor Mauro Castilho pelos materiais cedidos e pelo incentivo nas suas aulas. Aos meus pais e a todos aos familiares que me apoiaram. À Lucilene Barbosa e ao Marcelo Polydoro pelo apoio na tradução dos textos. Ao CNPq pela concessão da bolsa, sem a qual seria impossível a concretização deste trabalho. 6 RESUMO O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre a organização do ensino secundário de Geografia na Província de São Paulo. A maior parte das pesquisas sobre História do Ensino de Geografia tem nas análises de Issler (1973), Vlach (1988, 2004) e Rocha (1996) seu fundamento teórico. Estas análises apontam para a institucionalização do ensino de Geografia Escolar, a sua inserção no Colégio Pedro II, fundado em 1837. Seria nesse período que a Geografia ganhou prestígio e autonomia como disciplina escolar. Esses trabalhos apoiam-se também na obra de Manuel Aires de Casal – Corographia Brazilica – designando esse livro como inspirador de livros didáticos por praticamente todo período imperial. O Colégio Pedro II juntamente com o livro de Casal aparece como modelares do ensino nas províncias do império. No entanto a constituição do ensino de Geografia nas províncias do Brasil ainda é um tema pouco explorado por geógrafos e historiadores das disciplinas escolares. Entendendo que as disciplinas escolares não são naturais, mais sim frutos de uma dinâmica própria da escola, resultado do conflito de seus agentes internos e externos pretende-se aqui conhecer como o ensino de Geografia fundou-se e, posteriormente consolidou-se na Província de São Paulo, procurando dar a esse campo de pesquisa uma abordagem que ultrapasse a visão oficial centralizada no ensino elaborado na Corte brasileira. Para tanto será necessário discutir o que foi o ensino secundário paulista antes da criação de um modelo de ginásio imposto pelo Colégio Pedro II. Pretende-se aqui analisar as instituições de ensino que funcionavam durante o período imperial e seus agentes: professores, alunos e a produção didática: os livros didáticos, exames, cadernos e programas curriculares. Pretende-se então conhecer as modalidades de ensino secundário que começaram a disciplina de Geografia e saber como se deu o trâmite burocrático dessas instituições. Isso levará a uma análise documental de currículos e lei educacionais do início do Império na Província de São Paulo e uma comparação dessas leis e currículos com o modelo adotado no Colégio Pedro II. Com isso pretende-se, neste trabalho, contribuir com os estudos de História das Disciplinas Escolares dando uma nova abordagem à história do ensino de Geografia. Palavras-chave: ensino secundário, ensino de Geografia, Província de São Paulo, Império, 7 ABSTRACT This tresis focuses on the organization of secondary education in Geography of São Paulo‘s Province. Most of the research on History of Geography Teaching is based on the analysis of Issler (1973), Vlach (1988, 2004) and Rocha (1996) theoretical foundation. These analyzes point to the institutionalization of the School of Geography teaching, and their inclusion in the College Pedro II, founded in 1837. It would be during this period that geography gained prestige and autonomy as a school discipline. These works are supported by the writing of Manuel Aires de Casal - Corographia Brazilica - designating this book as inspiring textbook by virtually all the imperial period. The College Pedro II along with the Casal's book appears as model of education in the provinces of the empire. However the constitution of teaching Geography in the provinces of Brazil is still a subject little explored by geographers and historians of school subjects. Understanding that school disciplines are not natural, but rather fruit of a school's own dynamic, result of the conflict of its internal and external agents, aiming here to know how the teaching of Geography strengthened in the Province of São Paulo, seeking to give this field of research an approach that goes beyond the centralized official view in teaching prepared by the Brazilian Court. In order to reach this, we will need to discuss what was the Paulista secondary education before the creation of a gymnasium‘s model imposed by the College Pedro II. The intention here is to analyze the educational institutions that worked during the empire age and its agents: teachers, students and the didactic production: textbooks, exams, notebooks and subject‘s programs. Then intended to know the secondary school modalities that started the discipline of Geography and know how was the bureaucratic procedures of these institutions. This will lead to an analysis of curricula and educational law of the early Empire in the Province of São Paulo and a comparison of these laws and curricula model adopted in the College Pedro II. Thus it is intended, in this work, to contribute to the studies of History of School Subjects taking a new approach to the history of geography teaching. Keywords: secondary education, geography teaching, Province of São Paulo, Empire. 8 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................13 1. O ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO E AS HUMANIDADES ........................................33 1.1 O ensino secundário na França ........................................................................ 33 1.2 O ensino secundário no Brasil: Colégios, Liceus, aulas avulsas e preparatórios ...........................................................................................................................40 2. ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA E CONHECIMENTO GEOGRÁFICO NO COMEÇO DO SÉCULO XIX ..................................................................................... 50 2.1 O contexto cultural da Província e os livros de Geografia na primeira biblioteca pública da Cidade de São Paulo ................................................................. 50 2.2 Os estatutos do curso jurídico 1827 e 1831: a definição de um currículo escolar ...........................................................................................................................63 2.3 A constituição da Cadeira de Geografia e História .......................................... 75 2.3.1 A Géographie Élémentaire de Jacquier .................................................... 91 2.3.2 O Resumo de História Universal .............................................................. 94 2.4 Antônio Joaquim Ribas e a Cadeira de História e Geografia ........................ 102 2.4.1 Précis de La Géographie Universelle ou description de toutes les parties du munde. ............................................................................................................. 110 2.4.2 Les fastes universela ou Tableaux historiques cronologiues et géographiques. ...................................................................................................... 111 2.4.3 Atlas Géografique, estatistique, historique et chronologique des deux Amériques et des îles adjacentes .........................................................................
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