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Research and Application of the Locus and Urban Catalyst Theory in the Renewal of Chinese Traditional Districts

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Research and Application of the Locus and Urban Catalyst Theory in the Renewal of Chinese Traditional Districts Blekinge Institute of Technology Master Thesis Research and Application of the Locus and Urban Catalyst Theory in the Renewal of Chinese Traditional Districts Urban Renewal of Yinxiang District in Nanjing, China Author: Su Qin Master thesis, 30 ECTS, 2014 Urban Design Program, China & Europe Tutor: Prof. Dr. Jana Revedin, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Karlskrona Blekinge Institute of Technology & Nanjing Forestry University 18 May 2014 Karlskrona, Sweden 1 Abstract After the first upsurge of urbanization in 1980s, many built-up areas the continuous and gradual reform of urban structure. in Chinese cities have become the so-called ‘traditional districts’. Nowadays these traditional districts are confronted with both internal The main aim of this thesis is to formulate a new design proposal to the growing plights such as function decay, fabric chaos and substance Yinxiang traditional district in Nanjing, China, taking its overall context aging and external developing challenges which may include into consideration to recreate a lively area based on the principles of the globalization, marketization and demands of achieving a sustainable Locus theory and the urban catalyst approach as well as some useful urban development. During the renewal process of traditional districts experiences from good examples. In order to achieve this goal, the key in China, however, many cases in different cities have not fully achieved points and main principles of the Locus theory and the urban catalyst their goals such as promoting the bad living conditions and preserving approach are analyzed and summarized through literature review as the intangible cultural heritages because the current policies often the theoretical foundation for addressing the problems of renewal of pursue the economy efficiency and ignore the social, environmental, but traditional districts in China. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of one most of all: cultural1 elements. Thus traditional district’s renewal should successful example will allow me to bring forth methods and approaches pay more attention to the whole historical and cultural context of the which can later be applied to a Chinese urban context. Finally, I will city where it is located. Yet researches on traditional district renewal conduct a case study of Yinxiang district, giving fully consideration in China started much later maybe because of the much more recent to its economic, social, environmental and cultural elements, and use history of industrialization in China, in comparison to many western the Locus theory and the urban catalyst approach and the methods countries. And most of the researches in China are imperfect or even discussed in the example to formulate a design proposal for traditional incomplete both theoretically and practically. district renewal in the study site Yinxiang. This research will work with the Locus and the Urban Catalyst theory, Through the research of this paper, it is expected to find suitable proposed by the Italian theorist Aldo Rossi and by American architects solutions for problems of Yinxiang traditional district and then the Wayne Atton and Donn Logan in respectively 1969 and 1989 claim. project will be concluded and discussed for more future renewal processes of traditional districts in China. As stated by Rossi in the book “The Architecture of the City”, the locus is a relationship between a certain specific location and the buildings Keywords: Traditional Districts, The Locus Theory, Urban Catalysts, that are in it(Rossi, 1966, p. 103). It is at once singular and universal (Rossi, Urban Renewal, Urban Planning, Yinxiang District, Nanjing 1966, p. 103). The urban catalyst is not a single product but an element that impels and guides subsequent development (Wayne Atton & Donn Logan, 1989, 1. As Jana Revedin points out in “Sustainable Design II: Towards a new Ethics p.46). Similar to the chemical catalyst, an urban catalyst is able to arouse for Architecture and the City” (Actes Sud 2011), the three columns of sustainable and stimulate urban construction and rejuvenation as well as promote development, economy, ecology and social inclusion cannot work sustainably if the fourth column, the cultural acceptance and adequacy is neglected. 2 Acknowledgement This thesis is written for a master’s degree of Science Program in Spatial Planning Urban Design in China and Europe, at Blekinge Institute of Technology. When this thesis is temporarily ended, it also means that two years study and life in BTH and Sweden will end. It’s my great honor to spend my most precious time on this campus, under the influence of brilliant and talented teachers. I would like to express my gratitude to all the classmates and teachers both in Sweden and in China, because without their support and assistance, it’s not possible for me to finish the thesis. Here are several persons I would like to show my highly appreciation to them. First, I would like to thank my supervisor Jana Revedin for her patience, careful comments and inspirational words. She always gave me direction and encouragement when I feel confusing and negative about my thesis. And many valuable suggestions from her also made my thesis make greater progress. Besides, I also would like to thank Ana Mafalda who gave me some useful and helpful advices in the early phase of my thesis like framing my thesis structure. Finally, I would like to appreciate the Blekinge Institute of Technology and Nanjing Forestry University for providing me the precious opportunity to be here and study in such a good environment and atmosphere with the lovely classmates both from China and Sweden. I think it should be an unforgettable experience in all my life. At last, I would like thank my family and friends for giving me encouragement s and support when I feel tired and depressed. 3 Content Chapter 1 Introduction. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Research Background. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Introduction to the case. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Aims and Research Questions ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Thesis Outline. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2 Research on the Renewal Process of Chinese Traditional Districts. .................................................................................. 15 2.1 Definition of Chinese Traditional District. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Current Situation of the Renewal of Chinese Traditional District. ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Current Problems and Challenges of the renewal of Chinese Traditional District. ..................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3 Theoretical Study of the Locus and the Urban Catalyst Theory. ........................................................................................ 23 3.1 The Locus Theory. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 The Urban Catalyst Theory. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 3.3 The Urban Catalyst Theory Applied to the Renewal of Chinese Traditional Districts. ............................................................................................... 35 3.4 An Example of Chinese Traditional Districts Renewal Using Urban Catalyst Theory. ............................................................................................... 39 Chapter 4 Methodology. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 49 4.1 Reasons for a Case Study Approach. ................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 4.2 Selection of case. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 4.3 Collection and Analysis of the Data. ..................................................................................................................................................................................
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