DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings-Reu-China-2014.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings-Reu-China-2014.Pdf PROGRAM OF RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATES & GRADUATES AT ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY AND NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY Proceedings of the Student Research & Trip Reports May-July 2014 Center for Forest Ecosystem Assessment Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural, Life, and Natural Sciences This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under REU Grant No. DBI-1063101 and CREST Grant No. HRD-1036600, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Grant No. 2009-51160-05462 and No. 2013- 38821-21250 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views neither of the National Science Foundation nor of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Research Experiences for Undergraduates and Graduates in China funded by the National Science Foundation & the National Institute of Food and Agriculture & proudly co-hosted by Alabama A&M University and Nanjing Forestry University 2014 Students (from left to right) Andrew Lawhorn, Michael Kennedy, Linzi Thompson, Nicole Mihelich, Hollis Dahn, Morgan Dean, Rosie Long, and Angelica Durrah (missing is Mercedes Bartkovich, who arrived at a later date), along the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, on our first day in the country after a long flight from the U.S., May 2014. Table of Contents Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………………… xi List of participating REUG students Undergraduate students…………………………………………………………………………. xii Graduate students ………………………………………………………………………………. xiv List of participating REU mentors Alabama A&M University mentors ……………………………………………………………. xv Nanjing Forestry University mentors ……………………………………................................... xvii Other participants and institutions..…………………………………………………………………….. xix SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPERS Undergraduates Rosie Long ………….………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Hollis Dahn …………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Andrew Lawhorn .………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Michael Kennedy .………………………………………………………………………………. 48 Nicole Mihelich ………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Morgan Dean …………………………………………………………………………………… 84 Linzi Thompson ……………………………………………………………………………….. 104 Graduates Angelica Durrah ……………………………………………………………………………….. 141 Mercedes Bartkovich ………………………………………………………………………….. 156 CULTURAL TRIP EXPERIENCES: ESSAYS Undergraduates Rosie Long ………….…………………………………………………………………………. 184 Hollis Dahn ……………………………………………………………………………………. 190 Andrew Lawhorn .…………………………………………………………….......................... 197 Michael Kennedy .…………………………………………………………………………….. 203 Nicole Mihelich ……………………………………………………………………………….. 208 Morgan Dean ………………………………………………………………………………….. 217 Linzi Thompson ………………………………………………………………………………… 225 Graduates Angelica Durrah ……………………………………………………………………………….. 235 Mercedes Bartkovich ………………………………………………………………………….. 242 Preface Background Citing the strategic importance of the U.S.-China relationship, in November 2009 President Barack Obama announced the “100,000 Strong” initiative, a national effort designed to dramatically increase the number and diversity of the composition of American students studying in China. In May 2010, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton officially launched the initiative in Beijing (Clinton 2010). The “100,000 Strong” initiative seeks to prepare the next generation of American experts on China who will be charged with managing the growing political, economic and cultural ties between the U.S. and China. The initiative also seeks to develop specific opportunities and funding sources for under-represented students to study in China. The need for Americans to gain greater exposure to and understanding of China is clear: there is perhaps no more important or complex relationship in the world than that between the U.S. and China in terms of securing global peace and security. Virtually no major international issue, whether global economic recovery or climate change or nuclear non-proliferation, can be solved effectively without the active engagement of both the U.S. and China. However, American knowledge of Chinese society and customs is inadequate. Ten times more Chinese students come to the U.S. for educational programs than Americans who study in China, and 600 times more Chinese study the English language than Americans study Mandarin (Clinton 2013). This imbalance in knowledge can undermine trust, and thus the relationship, between the two countries. Redressing this imbalance is essential in ensuring that Americans have the cultural understanding and language skills that underpin effective diplomacy and foreign policy, which will also enhance our students’ ability to succeed academically and professionally in the global environment. Through the efforts of the Center of Forest Ecosystem Assessment, funded by National Science Foundation’s CREST program (Grant number HRD-1036600) , Alabama A&M University (AAMU) was awarded a three-year grant by the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) International Science and Education Program (ISE) in 2009 (Grant number: 2009-51160-05462) to develop an international exchange program with China. The program was designed to strengthen AAMU's ability to develop globally competent students and faculty through collaborative partnerships with higher education institutions and research organizations in China. The program focuses on the fields of agricultural and environmental sciences. The exchange program also aims to enhance courses with international contexts to prepare and mentor students for international opportunities in agricultural and environmental sciences, as well as to add new dimensions to scientific research and teaching capabilities of AAMU faculty via exposure to international resources and technologies. Our primary Chinese partner for this vii program is Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), a comprehensive university with a tradition of forestry programs. The development and the opportunities created by this program led to a new three-year program: Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) in China, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2011 (Grant number: DBI-106310). The primary goal of the NSF REU program is to expose undergraduate students with an interest in pursuing a graduate research degree in science to hands-on research experiences. In 2013, we were funded through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Capacity Grant (No. 2013-38821-21250) to further enhance our program by establishing the collaboration and involvement of students and faculty from another minority institution in Alabama: Tuskegee University (TU). This multi- institutional and multi-agency joint project have created great opportunities for many faculty and students, particularly those from minority serving or small institutions with limited research and international programs, to gain valuable research experience under a challenging, but enjoyable, international setting. In the summer of 2010 and 2011, a total of twenty-five students and faculty from AAMU participated in this program and travelled to China. In the summer of 2012, a total of twelve students from six different institutions across USA and five faculty/staff members joined the program; and in the summer of 2013, a total of thirteen students and six faculty/staff participated in the program. This Year’s Program In the summer of 2014, eight undergraduate students from seven different institutions across the U.S. (including AAMU), three AAMU graduate students, and eight faculty/staff participated in the REUG program. These numbers also included one undergraduate student and two faculty members from Tuskegee University. The program started with a three day orientation at AAMU to prepare for international travel. Once we arrived in China, students and faculty engaged in a variety of courses including Chinese language, culture, and history classes taught by NFU faculty, as well as scientific writing, statistics, and how to create PowerPoint presentations and posters by AAMU faculty and graduate students. All students were paired with a primary mentor in the U.S. prior to travel. Mentors included graduate students and faculty from both AAMU and TU. Upon arrival at NFU, students were then paired with a second mentor from NFU, with similar research interests. Students then met with mentors to devise and conduct a research project. Research topics included a diversity of subjects such as "Songbird Species in China: Evaluation of DNA Extraction Kits, Primers, and Feather Age", "Occurrence of Typical Antibiotics in Huai River and Hongze Lake, Eastern China," "Bat Forage and Insect Communities in Three Habitat Types in Nanjing, China," and "The Adsorption Behavior of Black Carbon in Urban Forest and Traffic District Soils Toward Heavy Metal Ions (Cu, Zn)," “Establishment of a Riparian Buffer Strip for Alleviating Lake Eutrophication,” among others. viii Students learned how to design a research project, collect data, operate research equipment, analyze data, and communicate their research results to their peers. The team took two extended educational/cultural trips in Jiangsu Province during the program. The first trip (2 days) brought them to Wuxi, Yixing, and the Tai Lake (Tài Hú) area. This trip was designed to help students and faculty understand bamboo ecology, the applications of bamboo in daily life, and bamboo as a biomass potential. During this trip,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Current and Future Trends in Chinese Environmental and Energy Law and Policy
    Pace International Law Review Volume 18 Issue 1 Spring 2006 Article 9 April 2006 The Current and Future Trends in Chinese Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Mingde Cao Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr Recommended Citation Mingde Cao, The Current and Future Trends in Chinese Environmental and Energy Law and Policy, 18 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 253 (2006) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol18/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace International Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN CHINESE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY LAW AND POLICY Mingde Caot I. Chinese Environmental and Energy Law and Policy: Transmitting from First Generation to Second Generation ................................ 255 II. The Current and Future Trends in Chinese Environmental and Energy Law and Policy ....... 258 A. Ethical Transition from Anthropocentrism to Eco-centrism ................................... 258 B. Transition from a Development Economy to Recycling and Cleaning Production Economy in Environmental and Resource Law ............. 262 C. Transition from Restricting Development and Utilization of Non-renewable Energies to Encouraging Investment and Operation of Renewable Energies ........................... 266 III. Conclusion ......................................... 268 In the period from 1979 to 2003, the yearly average growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) in China was 9.4 percent,' while, at the same time, sixteen of the world's twenty most air- polluted cities were in China, according to the World Health Or- t Mingde Cao, PhD, is professor of law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law in Chongqing, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Bamboo (Phyllostachys Spp.) in Connecticut
    Running bamboo (Phyllostachys spp.) in Connecticut Credit: Caryn Rickel Jeffrey S. Ward, Station Forester Department of Forestry and Horticulture The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Overview . What is/is not running bamboo? . Growth habitat (what is running bamboo) . Attractive bamboo . Nuisance bamboo . Current research CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes What is not running bamboo? Japanese bamboo or Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes What is not running bamboo? Clumping bamboo Fargesia nitida CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Clump bamboo vs. running bamboo Source: kmc.nsw.gov.au Spread by rhizomes CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Running bamboos - Phyllostachys . Phyllostachys – upwards of 75 species and 200+ cultivars . Mature height up to 30 feet (10 meters) tall . Culm diameter up to of 1.6 inches (4 cm) CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Running bamboos - Phyllostachys . Phyllostachys atrovaginata – Incense bamboo (30 ft) . Phyllostachys aurea – Golden fishpole bamboo (35 ft) . Phyllostachys aureosulcata – Yellow groove bamboo (35 ft) . Phyllostachys bissetii – David Bisset bamboo (30 ft) . Phyllostachys mannii ‘Decora’ – Beautiful bamboo (20-25 ft) . Phyllostachys glauca ‘Yunzhu’ (40 ft) . Phyllostachys heteroclada – Water bamboo (30 ft) . Phyllostachys incarnata, P. Prominens, P. propinqua, P. edulis . Phyllostachys nigra – Black bamboo (50 ft) . Phyllostachys nuda – Hardy bamboo (30 ft) . Phyllostachys vivax – Very tall bamboo (70 ft) CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Phyllostachys distribution in Asia http://www.guaduabamboo.com/ CAES- Plant Science Day 2012 www.ct.gov/caes Phyllostachys aureosulcata & P.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Jinggang, China, Based on Molecular and Morphological Data
    Zootaxa 3546: 53–67 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:94669404-4465-48A9-AB35-8860F1E46C82 Description of a new species of the genus Xenophrys Günther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Jinggang, China, based on molecular and morphological data YING-YONG WANG1,4, TIAN-DU ZHANG1, JIAN ZHAO2, YIK-HEI SUNG3, JIAN-HUAN YANG1, HONG PANG1 & ZHONG ZHANG2 1State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol / The Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R . C h in a 2Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Ciping, 343600, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi, P.R. China 3Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Xenophrys jinggangensis sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mount Jing- gang, Jiangxi Province, Eastern China. The new species can be easily distinguished from other known congeners by mor- phology, morphometrics and molecular data of the mitochondrial 16SrRNA gene. The new species is characterized by its small size with adult females measuring 38.4–41.6 mm in snout-vent length and males measuring 35.1–36.7 mm; head length approximately equal to head width; tympanum large and distinct, about 0.8 times of eye diameter; vomerine teeth on two weak ridges; tongue not notched behind; relative finger length II < I < IV < III; slight lateral fringes present on digits; toes bases with thick, fleshy web; dorsum with tubercles and swollen dorsolateral folds; large pustules scattered on flanks; and unique color patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • PROCEEDINGS of the WORKSHOP on TRADE and CONSERVATION of PANGOLINS NATIVE to SOUTH and SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 June – 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo Edited by S. Pantel and S.Y. Chin Wildlife Reserves Singapore Group PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF PANGOLINS NATIVE TO SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 30 JUNE –2JULY 2008, SINGAPORE ZOO EDITED BY S. PANTEL AND S. Y. CHIN 1 Published by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia © 2009 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in these proceedings is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in these proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Sandrine Pantel, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation: Sandrine Pantel and Chin Sing Yun (ed.). 2009. Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia, 30 June-2 July
    [Show full text]
  • Distinguishing Extant Elephants Ivory from Mammoth Ivory Using a Short
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Distinguishing extant elephants ivory from mammoth ivory using a short sequence of cytochrome b gene Jacob Njaramba Ngatia1, Tian Ming Lan2,3,4, Yue Ma1,5, Thi Dao Dinh1, Zhen Wang1,5, Thomas D. Dahmer6 & Yan Chun Xu1,5,7* Trade in ivory from extant elephant species namely Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) is regulated internationally, while the trade in ivory from extinct species of Elephantidae, including woolly mammoth, is unregulated. This distinction creates opportunity for laundering and trading elephant ivory as mammoth ivory. The existing morphological and molecular genetics methods do not reliably distinguish the source of ivory items that lack clear identifcation characteristics or for which the quality of extracted DNA cannot support amplifcation of large gene fragments. We present a PCR-sequencing method based on 116 bp target sequence of the cytochrome b gene to specifcally amplify elephantid DNA while simultaneously excluding non-elephantid species and ivory substitutes, and while avoiding contamination by human DNA. The partial Cytochrome b gene sequence enabled accurate association of ivory samples with their species of origin for all three extant elephants and from mammoth. The detection limit of the PCR system was as low as 10 copy numbers of target DNA. The amplifcation and sequencing success reached 96.7% for woolly mammoth ivory and 100% for African savanna elephant and African forest elephant ivory. This is the frst validated method for distinguishing elephant from mammoth ivory and it provides forensic support for investigation of ivory laundering cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory and Practice in Language Studies Contents
    Theory and Practice in Language Studies ISSN 1799-2591 Volume 9, Number 10, October 2019 Contents REGULAR PAPERS The Perlocutionary Effects of Cautionary Notices on Motoristusing Nigeria Highways 1253 Opoola Bolanle Tajudeen, Folorunso Emmanuel Awoniyi, Opoola Ayobami Fatimo, and Olatunbosun Odusanya Material Clause Re-contextualization in Indonesian-English Translation 1270 Made Susini, I Nengah Sudipa, I Nyoman Suparwa, and Ida Ayu Made Puspani The Comparative Effect of Content-based Language Teaching and Task-based Language Teaching on 1278 Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners’ Reading Skill Ehsan Namaziandost, Mehdi Nasri, and Sheida Ahmadi Narrative Innovation in Dubliners and James Joyce’s Exilic Experience 1287 Chenglin Yu A Brief Exploration of the Development of Business English Major in China — Challenges and 1293 Opportunities Bayan Ruan A Brief Analysis of Subtitle Translation of Documentary Wild China from the Perspective of Eco- 1301 translatology Yang Zhou and Rouqi Zhang Research on the Influencing Factors of Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode in Ethnic College 1309 Jinfeng Liu On the Acceptability of English Translation of Public Signs 1315 Zhengjun Yang The Cultural Factors in the MOOC Design in China from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions 1320 Xin Yang The Practice and Assessment of College English Flipped Classroom Teaching in Medical Schools 1326 Yuefang Sun An Intercultural Comparative Study on Names of Chinese and English 1332 Rongmei Yu The Analysis of J.R.R.Toliken’s Ecological Responsibility Consciousness in The Lord of the Rings 1337 Lili Liu A Survey of the Inadequacies of Oral English Teaching in Developing Areas of Zhejiang Province 1342 Wei Xiong Literature Review of the Flipped Classroom 1350 Fei Deng Political News Discourse Analysis Based on an Attitudinal Perspective of the Appraisal Theory— 1357 Taking the New York Times’ Report China-DPRK Relations as an Example Jinxiu Jin Research on the Application of Cooperative Learning in College English Teaching 1362 Yina He ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Permophiles Issue
    Contents Notes from the SPS Secretary ...........................................................................................................................1 Shen Shuzhong Notes from the SPS Chair ..................................................................................................................................2 Charles M. Henderson Meeting Report: Report on the Continental Siena Meeting, Italy, September 2006.....................................3 G. Cassinis, A. Lazzarotto, P. Pittau Working Group Report: Short report on 2005-2006 activities of the non-marine – marine correlation work- ing group of SPS ..................................................................................................................................................5 J.W. Schneider Report of SPS Working Group on “Using Permian transitional biotas as gateways for global correlation”7 Guang R. Shi International Permian Time Scale ...................................................................................................................10 Voting Members of the SPS ............................................................................................................................. 11 Submission guideline for Issue 49 ....................................................................................................................12 Reports: Ostracods (Crustacea) from the Permian-Triassic boundary interval of South China (Huaying Mountains, eastern Sichuan Province): paleo-oxygenation significance .......................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Download Bamboo Records (Public Information)
    Status Date Accession Number Names::PlantName Names::CommonName Names::Synonym Names::Family No. Remaining Garden Area ###########2012.0256P Sirochloa parvifolia Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########1989.0217P Thamnocalamus tessellatus mountain BamBoo; "BergBamBoes" in South Africa Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########2000.0025P Aulonemia fulgor Poaceae BamBoo Garden ###########1983.0072P BamBusa Beecheyana Beechy BamBoo Sinocalamus Beechyana Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.1070P BamBusa Burmanica Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0144P BamBusa chungii White BamBoo, Tropical Blue BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2007.0019P BamBusa chungii var. BarBelatta BarBie BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0471P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 2 BamBoo Garden ###########2001.0163D BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2012.0069P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0079P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0084P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2000.0297P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Silverstripe' Blowpipe BamBoo 'Silverstripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0090P BamBusa emeiensis 'Flavidovirens' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2011.0124P BamBusa emeiensis 'Viridiflavus' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1997.0152P BamBusa eutuldoides Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.0158P BamBusa eutuldoides
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Grasses for the Midsouth Landscape
    Ornamental Grasses for the Midsouth Landscape Ornamental grasses with their variety of form, may seem similar, grasses vary greatly, ranging from cool color, texture, and size add diversity and dimension to season to warm season grasses, from woody to herbaceous, a landscape. Not many other groups of plants can boast and from annuals to long-lived perennials. attractiveness during practically all seasons. The only time This variation has resulted in five recognized they could be considered not to contribute to the beauty of subfamilies within Poaceae. They are Arundinoideae, the landscape is the few weeks in the early spring between a unique mix of woody and herbaceous grass species; cutting back the old growth of the warm-season grasses Bambusoideae, the bamboos; Chloridoideae, warm- until the sprouting of new growth. From their emergence season herbaceous grasses; Panicoideae, also warm-season in the spring through winter, warm-season ornamental herbaceous grasses; and Pooideae, a cool-season subfamily. grasses add drama, grace, and motion to the landscape Their habitats also vary. Grasses are found across the unlike any other plants. globe, including in Antarctica. They have a strong presence One of the unique and desirable contributions in prairies, like those in the Great Plains, and savannas, like ornamental grasses make to the landscape is their sound. those in southern Africa. It is important to recognize these Anyone who has ever been in a pine forest on a windy day natural characteristics when using grasses for ornament, is aware of the ethereal music of wind against pine foliage. since they determine adaptability and management within The effect varies with the strength of the wind and the a landscape or region, as well as invasive potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Apparent Digestibility of Diet Dominantly Comprised of Phyllostachys Vivax Bamboo Shoots for Captive Giant Pandas
    Liu et al. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(3): 2015, Page:J.612 Anim.-617 Plant Sci. 25(3):2015 ISSN: 1018-7081 APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF DIET DOMINANTLY COMPRISED OF PHYLLOSTACHYS VIVAX BAMBOO SHOOTS FOR CAPTIVE GIANT PANDAS Z.G. Liu1,2,3 #, C.D. Wang4, J.L. Hu5, F.M. Zhang2, R. J. Linhardt2 and X.C. Lin3, # 1College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China; 2Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy12180, New York, USA; 3Nurturing Station of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China; 4Chengdu research base of giant panda breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; 5Anji prefectural incorporated company of bamboo exposition park, Anji 313311, Zhejiang, China; #Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT This study, using the method of direct collection feces, investigated captive giant pandas daily intakes and apparent digestibility coefficients of diet dominantly comprised of Phyllostachys vivax bamboo shoots. The results showed that the captive giant pandas daily ingested ~2818 g (dry mass) of bamboo shoots (corresponding to ~42 kg of fresh bamboo shoots with shells). Based on this daily intake of bamboo shoots, we further analyzed the daily intakes of dietary components, including energy, crude protein, lipids, hemicelluloses, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The results demonstrate that: i) the trials bamboo shoot diet provides giant pandas with sufficient and readily digestible, energy and crude protein; ii) the lipid (in low content) was efficiently utilized by giant pandas; and iii) the digestibility of fiber was very low in giant pandas.
    [Show full text]
  • OP-MOLB160269 Online 744..771
    Evolutionary History of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): Integrative Approaches to Timetree Dating in the Absence of a Fossil Record Stephen Mahony,*,1,2 Nicole M. Foley,1 S.D. Biju,2 and Emma C. Teeling*,1 1School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland 2Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Associate editor: Beth Shapiro Abstract Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-abstract/34/3/744/2919384 by guest on 06 August 2019 Molecular dating studies typically need fossils to calibrate the analyses. Unfortunately, the fossil record is extremely poor or presently nonexistent for many species groups, rendering such dating analysis difficult. One such group is the Asian horned frogs (Megophryinae). Sampling all generic nomina, we combined a novel 5 kb dataset composed of four nuclear and three mitochondrial gene fragments to produce a robust phylogeny, with an extensive external morpho- logical study to produce a working taxonomy for the group. Expanding the molecular dataset to include out-groups of fossil-represented ancestral anuran families, we compared the priorless RelTime dating method with the widely used prior-based Bayesian timetree method, MCMCtree, utilizing a novel combination of fossil priors for anuran phylogenetic dating. The phylogeny was then subjected to ancestral phylogeographic analyses, and dating estimates were compared with likely biogeographic vicariant events. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that previously proposed systematic hypotheses were incorrect due to the paraphyly of genera. Molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and timetree results support the recognition of Megophryinae as a single genus, Megophrys, with a subgenus level classification.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No
    $5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No. 30 Spring 2010 This is the thirtieth year that the American Bamboo Society Several existing cultivar names are not fully in accord with (ABS) has compiled a Source List of bamboo plants and requirements for naming cultivars. In the interests of products. The List includes more than 450 kinds (species, nomenclature stability, conflicts such as these are overlooked subspecies, varieties, and cultivars) of bamboo available in to allow continued use of familiar names rather than the the US and Canada, and many bamboo-related products. creation of new ones. The Source List editors reserve the right to continue recognizing widely used names that may The ABS produces the Source List as a public service. It is not be fully in accord with the International Code of published on the ABS website: www.AmericanBamboo.org. Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and to Paper copies are sent to all ABS members and can also be recognize identical cultivar names in different species of the ordered from ABS for $5.00 postpaid. Some ABS chapters same genus as long as the species is stated. and listed vendors also sell the Source List. Please see page 3 for ordering information and pages 54 and following for Many new bamboo cultivars still require naming, more information about the American Bamboo Society, its description, and formal publication. Growers with new chapters, and membership application. cultivars should consider publishing articles in the ABS magazine, “Bamboo.” Among other requirements, keep in The vendor sources for plants, products, and services are mind that new cultivars must satisfy three criteria: compiled annually from information supplied by the distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability.
    [Show full text]