DOCSLIB.ORG

Capitolul 1. Prezentarea Generala a Canadei 1.1. Descriere Curtea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Capitolul 1. Prezentarea generala a Canadei 1.1. Descriere Etimologie: «« Canata » nume imprumutat de la populatia bastinasa, insemnand ““ pamant curat “ a dat numele uneia din cele mai frumoase tari ale globului CANADA. Capitala: Ottwa. Presedinte: Regina Elisabeta a II-a. Forma de guvernare: Ca formă de organizare statală, Canada este, din 1867, unun dominion britanic, deci o monarhie constituttională.. În realitate, Canada șși-a obțținut independențța dede Marea Britanie în mod pașșnic, printr-un proces gradual început cu întemeierea Canadei în 1867 șși definitivat în 1982, când Canada a obțținut dreptul de a-șși modifica propria constituțție.ie. Monarhie Constitutionala fiind, de asemenea, o federatie democratica parlamentara. Parlamentul bicameral este format din Senat (105 scaune alese de catre guvernatorul general, acesti membri pastreaza aceasta functie pana la 75 de ani) si Camera Comunelor (308 scaune alese de catre vot popular pe o perioada de 4 ani). Magistratura: Curtea Supremă de Justiţie a Canadei se află în Ottawa, lângă Colina Parlamentului, într-o clădire masivă, construită în stilul Art Deco, concepută de Ernest Cormier șși terminată în 1946.. În Canada, magistratura joacă un rol important în interpretarea legilor șși are puterea să invalideze orice lege care încalcă Constituțția. Curtea Supremă de Justițție aa Canadei reprezintă cel mai înalt nivel de cur țți judiciare șși este arbitrul final al disputelor legale. Cei nouă membri ai săi sunt numițți de cabinet. Toțți judecătorii tribunalelor superioare federale șși a cur țților de apel provinciale sunt selectațții șși învestițți de primul- minististru, după consultartarea cu barourile provincialiale. Cabinetul federal numeeșștete șșii judecătorii tribunalelor superioare provinciale șși teritoriale. Numai magistrațții de la judecătorii sunt numițți de guvernele provinciale șși teritoriale. Dreptul anglo-saxon (common law) predomină în toată Canada, mai puțțin în Québec, unde sistemul de drept civil aplicabil este inspirat de Codul Civil napoleonian. Dreptul penal este de competențța exclusivă a guvernului federal șși este, astfel, uniform în toată Canada. Aplicarea legii penale, inclusiv judecătoriile penale, se face de către provivincnciiii, dadar multlte didin elele au dedelelegagat puterile poliițțieneșști Poliițției Regale Canadiene Călare (Royal Canadian Mounted Police, RCMP). Armata: Membru fondator al NATO, Canada are 62.000 militari activi şi 26.000 în rezervă. Forţele Armate Canadiene sunt alcătuite din forţe terestre, navale şi aeriene. Echipamentul de bază încorporează 2.400 de tancuri, 34 de nave militare şi 140 de avioane de luptă. 1.2. Date geografice Asezare: Canada ocupă partea nordică a Americii de Nord. Are o graniţă comună la sud cu cele 48 de state adiacente ale SUA şi la nordvest cu Alaska, întinzându-se de la Oceanul Atlantic în est la Oceanul Pacific în vest; la nord se găseşte Oceanul Arctic. Din 1925, Canada are pretenţii asupra teritoriilor arctice dintre 60° şi 141° longitudine vestică, deşi aceste pretenţii nu sunt universal recunoscute. Cea mai nordică aşezare umană didin Cananada (ş(şi didin lulume) eseste Baza foforţrţelelor mimililitatare cacananadidienene CFS AlAlert localizată pe vârful nordic al Insulei Ellesmere - latitudine 82.5°N - la doar 834 kilometri (450 mile nautice) de Polul Nord. Suprafata: 9,984,670 km². Ca suprafaţă totală, Canada este a doua ţară a lumii, după Rusia. Vecini: Statele Unite ale Americii, (inclusiv Alaska), Oceanul Atlantic, Oceanul Pacific, Oceanul Arctic. Orase principale: Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax. Divizii administrative: 10 provincii si 3 teritorii. Unităţile de relief ale Canadei sunt constituite din munţi şi platouri joase dispuse de la vest spre est astfel: •• Cordiliera de Vest (acoperă aproape în întregime Columbia Britanică şişi Yukon şişi o suprafaţă mai mică în Alberta). Aceştia sunt cei mai înalţi şi mai tineri munţi din Canada; •• Platoul Canadian, care acoperă 49% din suprafaţa ţării. La Québec în sudul platoului se află un mic grup de munţi, Laurenţienii; •• Appalachii, cei mai vechi munţi ai ţării (cu o suprafaţă mai mică decâ Platoul Canadian), se găsesc în sud-estul Québec-ului şi acoperă Noul Brunswick şişi Noua Scoţie;; •• Montérégiennes: munţi scunzi în sudul Québec-ului, înconjuraţi de Câmpiile joase ale Golfului St.Laurenţiu şi ale Marilor Lacuri; •• Newfoundland se afaflă la gura Golflfulului SfSfânântutulului LaLaururenţiu (Gulf of Saintnt Lawrence), cel mai lat estuar din lume. Provinciile Maritime continuă spre est, înspre ocean, în continuarea provinciei Québec. New Brunswick şişi Nova Scotia sunt despărţile de Golful Fundy, unde au loc cele mai ample maree de pe mapamond. La vest de Ontario, preeriile canadiene se întind vaste înspre Munţii Stâncoşi, care le separă de British Columbia. Pădurile boreale domină întinderea ţării, gheţarii sunt proeminenţi în regiunea arctică şi în Munţii Stâncoşi, în timp ce terenul relativ plat al preriilor este propice pentru agricultură. Marile Lacuri alimentează Fluviul Sfântul Laurenţiu (St. Lawrence) (în sudest) o zonă care găzduieşte o mare parte din populaţia Canadei. Cel mai inalt varf: Muntele Logan 5,959 m. Marea: Oceanul Pacific, Oceanul Atlantic impreuna cu Oceanul Arctic ii ofera Canadei 202,080 km de coasta. Marile Lacuri - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie si Ontario – constituie cel mai mare grup de lacuri de apa dulce din lume. Acestea au o suprafata totala de 245 000 kilometri patrati, din care aproximativ o treime este in Canada; numai lacul Michigan este in intregime in SUA. Nu exista un raspuns acceptat la intrebarea: Cite lacuri sint in Canada? Cel mai bun raspuns este ca sint 31 754 lacuri cu o suprafata de cel putin trei kilometric patrati. Aceste date au fost compilate de Environment Canada in 1973. Clima: Clima este variata; o clima temperata in sud si o clima rece si foarte rece in nord. Sunt 4 anotimpuri. Temperaturile medii în Canada depind de locațție. Iernile pot fi aspre în multe zone ale țțării, mai ales în preerii, unde temperatura medie zilnică este sub −15 °C.C. Excepțția este British Columbia, care se bucură de un climat temperat, cu ierni ușșoare șși ploioase. Media temperaturilor maxime în timpul verii pe coastele estică șși vestică este între 21 șși 24 °C. Flora: Flora nordului canadian devine din ce în ce mai rarefiată de la păduri de conifere la tundră șși, în final, pământuri lipsite de vegetațție în nordul extrem. Nordul continental este încercuit de un vast arhipelag încorporând unele dintre cele mai mari insule din lume. 1.3. Istorie Cu mult ininaiaintnte de Columb, cacare a ststrarababatutut ococeaeanunul in ananul 1492, trtribiburi preistorice din Asia au venit in Canada. Primii europeni care au aparut in teritorii au fost vikingii. Datorita numeroaselor conflicte cu triburile indigene, englezii (vikingii) au plecat. Au venit insa inapoi in secolul 15, cand unii monarhi I-au trimis sa caute aur si alte comori. In aceeasi perioada, exploratorii francezi ca: Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain (a fondat Quebec city in anul 1600), au ocupat teritorii pentru Franta in anul 1534. In anul 1663 Canada a devenit provincie franceza cu aproximativ 3000 francezi. In anul 1670 englezii au venit din nou, formand Hudson Bay Company. Pentru o scurta perioada de timp a fost pace intre cele doua natiuni. Razboiul de 7 ani dintre Franta si Anglia care avea loc in Europa a afectat si Canada si ca urmare s-a creat razboi si aici. In final, englezii au castigat batalia de la Quebec city, in anul 1759. In Tratatul de la Paris din anul 1763, Franta cedeaza Canada catre Marea Britanie. La data de 29 martie 1867 s- a creat o federatie din 4 provincii, iar la data de 1 iulie 1867 se obtine independenta dar care, totusi avea legaturi cu Coroana Britanica. La data de 11 decembrie 1931 a fost recunoscuta de catre Marea Britanie. Prima Constitutie s-a constituit la data de 29 martie 1867. La data de 17 aprilie 1982 controlul Constitutiei a fost cedat de catre Marea Britanie catre Canada, adaugandu- se Cartea Drepturilor si Libertatilor Canadiene. Monarhia este ereditara, Guvernatorul General este ales de monarh, in urma consultarii cu Primul Ministru, pe o perioada de 5 ani. Primul Ministru este liderul partidului majoritar sau a coalitiei majoritare.Primul Ministru de astazi este Stephen HARPER, din data de 6 februarie 2006. Parlamentul este format din Senat si Camera Comunelor, ales prin vot popular. Sistemul legal se bazeaza pe legile engleze, cu exceptia provinciei Quebec, unde exista legislatie civila franceza . Independenta: 1 Iulie 1867 - Uniunea coloniilor engleze-nord americane; independenta obtinuta la 11 Decembrie 1931 in fata Marii Britanii. 1.4. Relațții internațționale Canada are legături strânse cu Statele Unite, cu care are cea mai lungă granițțăă terestră fără supraveghere militară din lume. Cele două țțări sunt, reciproc, cei mai mari parteneri comerciali ai celuilalt stat șși colaborează în campanii șși exercițții militare. Canada are relațții istorice cu Regatul Unit șșii Franțțaa, cele două puteri coloniale care au participat la fondarea ei. Aceste relațții sunt extinse șși altor foșști membri ai imperiilor coloniale britanic șși francez, ca urmare a calitățții de membru pe care Canada o are în Commonwealth șșii La Francophonie.. În ultimul secol, Canada a fost un avocat pentru conceptul de multilateralism, făcând eforturi susținute pentru a participa pe scena mondială. Această tendință a fost demonstată fără echivoc în timpul Crizei Canalului Suez, când
Recommended publications
  • Population Study of Greater Snow Geese on Bylot Island (Nunavut) in 2003: a Progress Report

    Population Study of Greater Snow Geese on Bylot Island (Nunavut) in 2003: a Progress Report

    POPULATION STUDY OF GREATER SNOW GEESE ON BYLOT ISLAND (NUNAVUT) IN 2003: A PROGRESS REPORT Gilles Gauthier Département de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval, Québec Austin Reed Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada, Québec Jean-François Giroux Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal Dominique Berteaux Département de biologie, chimie et sciences de la santé & Centre d’études nordiques Université du Québec à Rimouski Marie-Christine Cadieux Département de biologie & Centre d’études nordiques Université Laval, Québec 18 November 2003 Gauthier, Reed, Giroux, Berteaux & Cadieux • 2003 progress report of Bylot Island goose project 2 INTRODUCTION In 2003, we continued our long-term study of the population dynamics of Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) and of the interactions between geese, plants and their predators on Bylot Island. Like many goose populations worldwide, Greater Snow Geese have increased considerably during the late XXth century (annual growth rate of ~10%). The exploding population of snow geese has imposed considerable stress on its breeding habitat, while extensive use of agriculture lands provides an unlimited source of food during winter and migratory stopovers for them. Remedial management during autumn, winter and spring has been undertaken since 1999 to curb the growth of this population. The long-term objectives of this project are to (1) study changes in the demographic parameters of the Greater Snow Goose population, and especially the effects of the recent spring conservation hunt, (2) determine the role of food availability and fox predation in limiting annual production of geese, and (3) monitor the impact of grazing on the vegetation of Bylot Island.
  • Troth Yeddha

    Troth Yeddha

    PROPOSAL TO NAME A GEOGRAPHIC FEATURE IN ALASKA ALASKA HISTORICAL COMMISSION ACTION REQUESTED Department of Natural Resources Office of History and Archaeology 550 West 7th Ave., Suite 1310 _X new name Anchorage, AK 99501‐3565 __application change (907) 269‐8721 [email protected] __name change __other DESCRIPTION: • Proposed name: Troth Yeddha’ • Type of feature: ridge • Evidence the feature is unnamed: Unofficial designations include “West Ridge”, “Lower Campus” and “College Hill,” but none of these has official status in GNIS. Moreover, these unofficial names refer to particular sub-regions of the ridge as opposed to the entire feature. LOCATION: ridge at the site of University of Alaska Distance and direction from nearest community or prominent topographic feature: one-quarter to three-quarters of a mile west o f College, Alaska Borough: Fairbanks North Star Borough USGS map: Fairbanks D‐2 Latitude: 64° 51.663' N Longitude: 147° 51.170 W Elev: 614' Section: 1 to 6, Township: T1S Range: R2W to R1W TYPE OF PROPOSAL: LOCAL USAGE ­ Is the proposed name in local use? Yes (see description) State the number of years known by recommended name: Traditional Athabascan name of unknown antiquity, first recorded in 1967 by linguist Michael Krauss. State variant spelling and/or usage if known: Troth Yetth, Tro Yeddha’, Troyeddha’, Troth Yedda, Tsoł Yedla’, Tsoł Teye’ Is there local opposition or conflict regarding the proposed name? The proposed spelling Troth Yeddha’ is widespread and is preferred by Lower Tanana Athabascan speakers and the Alaska Native Language Center. The name is being submitted without a generic term such as “Ridge”.
  • Wildlife Viewing

    Wildlife Viewing

    Wildlife Viewing Common Yukon roadside flowers © Government of Yukon 2019 ISBN 987-1-55362-830-9 A guide to common Yukon roadside flowers All photos are Yukon government unless otherwise noted. Bog Laurel Cover artwork of Arctic Lupine by Lee Mennell. Yukon is home to more than 1,250 species of flowering For more information contact: plants. Many of these plants Government of Yukon are perennial (continuously Wildlife Viewing Program living for more than two Box 2703 (V-5R) years). This guide highlights Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 2C6 the flowers you are most likely to see while travelling Phone: 867-667-8291 Toll free: 1-800-661-0408 x 8291 by road through the territory. Email: [email protected] It describes 58 species of Yukon.ca flowering plant, grouped by Table of contents Find us on Facebook at “Yukon Wildlife Viewing” flower colour followed by a section on Yukon trees. Introduction ..........................2 To identify a flower, flip to the Pink flowers ..........................6 appropriate colour section White flowers .................... 10 and match your flower with Yellow flowers ................... 19 the pictures. Although it is Purple/blue flowers.......... 24 Additional resources often thought that Canada’s Green flowers .................... 31 While this guide is an excellent place to start when identi- north is a barren landscape, fying a Yukon wildflower, we do not recommend relying you’ll soon see that it is Trees..................................... 32 solely on it, particularly with reference to using plants actually home to an amazing as food or medicines. The following are some additional diversity of unique flora. resources available in Yukon libraries and bookstores.
  • Paneak's Plants and Animals [In a Hungry Country: Appendix 1]

    Paneak's Plants and Animals [In a Hungry Country: Appendix 1]

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 2004 Paneak's Plants and Animals [In a Hungry Country: Appendix 1] Robert L. Rausch University of Washington, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Rausch, Robert L., "Paneak's Plants and Animals [In a Hungry Country: Appendix 1]" (2004). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 476. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/476 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in In a Hungry Country: Essays by Simon Paneak, edited by John Martin Campbell. Copyright 2004, University of Alaska. Used by permission. APPENDIX 1 Paneak's Plants and Animals Robert L. Rausch Paneak English Latin Inupiaq PLANTS caribou lichen caribou moss Cladonia spp., etc. niqaat (pI.) spruce white spruce Picea glauca napaaqtuq willow (oflarge size) willows Salix alaxensis; uqpik S. arbusculoides; S.lanata cloudberry, akpic cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus aqpik mashoo, maso licorice root Hedysarum alpinum masu legrice root Indian potato Hedysarum alpinum masu cranberry lingon berry Vaccinium vitis-idea kimmigfiaq blueberry blueberry Vaccinium uliginosum aSlaq smoking tobacco tobacco, smoking Nicotiana sp. taugaaqiq chewing tobacco tobacco, chewing Nicotiana sp. ui!aaksraq sand tobacco tobacco Nicotiana sp.
  • Presence of Eriophorum Scheuchzeri Enhances Substrate Availability and Methane Emission in an Arctic Wetland

    Presence of Eriophorum Scheuchzeri Enhances Substrate Availability and Methane Emission in an Arctic Wetland

    Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland Ström, Lena; Tagesson, Torbern; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Christensen, Torben Published in: Soil Biology & Biochemistry DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.005 2012 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ström, L., Tagesson, T., Mastepanov, M., & Christensen, T. (2012). Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 45, 61- 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.005 Total number of authors: 4 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Soil Biology & Biochemistry 45 (2012) 61e70 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland Lena Ström*, Torbern Tagesson, Mikhail Mastepanov, Torben R.
  • NWI Notes to the User for North Slope 1:63,360 Scale Maps

    NWI Notes to the User for North Slope 1:63,360 Scale Maps

    NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY NOTES TO THE USER FOR NORTH SLOPE 1:63,360 SCALE MAPS INTRODUCTION The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has major responsibility for the protection and proper management of fish, wildlife and their habitats. The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior "to make surveys and investigations of the wildlife of the public domain including lands and waters or interests therein acquired or controlled by an agency of the United States" (16 U.S.C. 669). This Act expands the concept of wildlife and wildlife resources to include not only animal life but also all types of "aquatic and land vegetation upon which wildlife is dependent." Within the last thirty years, a large amount of wetland modification has occurred. Increased emphasis on wetland preservation and management has been expressed through presidential executive orders and recent legislation. Amendments to the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466) specify a major role for the National Wetlands Inventory (Inventory) in the administration of that Act. The Emergency Wetlands Act of 1986 (16 U.S.C. 3901) directs the Service to continue the inventory of wetlands through 1998. The Service has always recognized the importance of wetlands to waterfowl and other migratory birds. Consequently, the Service has a direct interest in protecting wetlands, especially the waterfowl breeding and overwintering wetlands. Wetlands, however, also provide a wealth of other values for the public including: (1) Fish and shellfish protection. (2) Furbearer and other wildlife production. (3) Habitats for threatened or endangered plants and animals.
  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Volume 2

    Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Volume 2

    Appendix F Species List Appendix F: Species List F. Species List F.1 Lists The following list and three tables denote the bird, mammal, fish, and plant species known to occur in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic Refuge, Refuge). F.1.1 Birds of Arctic Refuge A total of 201 bird species have been recorded on Arctic Refuge. This list describes their status and abundance. Many birds migrate outside of the Refuge in the winter, so unless otherwise noted, the information is for spring, summer, or fall. Bird names and taxonomic classification follow American Ornithologists' Union (1998). F.1.1.1 Definitions of classifications used Regions of the Refuge . Coastal Plain – The area between the coast and the Brooks Range. This area is sometimes split into coastal areas (lagoons, barrier islands, and Beaufort Sea) and inland areas (uplands near the foothills of the Brooks Range). Brooks Range – The mountains, valleys, and foothills north and south of the Continental Divide. South Side – The foothills, taiga, and boreal forest south of the Brooks Range. Status . Permanent Resident – Present throughout the year and breeds in the area. Summer Resident – Only present from May to September. Migrant – Travels through on the way to wintering or breeding areas. Breeder – Documented as a breeding species. Visitor – Present as a non-breeding species. * – Not documented. Abundance . Abundant – Very numerous in suitable habitats. Common – Very likely to be seen or heard in suitable habitats. Fairly Common – Numerous but not always present in suitable habitats. Uncommon – Occurs regularly but not always observed because of lower abundance or secretive behaviors.
  • List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

    List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

    Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
  • Astragalus Lentiginosus Var. Coachellae

    Astragalus Lentiginosus Var. Coachellae

    Evaluating the Biological Conservation Status of the Coachella Valley Milkvetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) Robert J. Meinke, Kelly Amsberry, Rebecca E. Currin, Stephen C. Meyers, and Brian Knaus Native Plant Conservation Program OREGON DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Oregon Department of Agriculture NATIVE PLANT CONSERVATION PROGRAM NATIVE PLANT CONSERVATION PROGRAM and Department of Botany & Plant Pathology Oregon State University, Corvallis October, 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Coachella Valley milkvetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) is a federally-listed endangered taxon, restricted to a highly active sand dune environment near the eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains in the western Sonoran Desert. A recent assessment confirms that var. coachellae is endemic to the Coachella Valley, and that reported populations from the Desert Center area (disjunct ca. 75 km to the east) actually represent A. lentiginosus var. variabilis. Much of the range of A. lentiginosus var. coachellae overlaps the cities of Palm Springs, Cathedral City, and other nearby communities, where remaining populations are threatened by the effects of urbanization and habitat fragmentation. A Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP; in preparation) is expected to place several of the more significant remaining sites within administratively protected reserve areas located outside the urban core. However, little information has been available that describes the natural history and ecological status of Coachella Valley milkvetch populations, and specific management plans have yet to be developed. The current study (conducted in 2005 and 2006) corroborates earlier reports that var. coachellae exhibits a labile life history correlated with annual precipitation, in which short-lived perennials loosely dominate the less arid, northern end of the range and annuals are more prevalent in the drier south.
  • Cyperaceae of Alberta

    Cyperaceae of Alberta

    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE CYPERACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw and Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using information primarily from and the Flora North America Association (2008), Douglas et al. (1998), and Packer and Gould (2017). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please try the key this summer and let us know if there are ways in which it can be improved. Over the winter, we hope to add illustrations for most of the entries. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript ( S1; S2;SU) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). CYPERACEAE SedgeFamily Key to Genera 1b 01a Flowers either ♂ or ♀; ovaries/achenes enclosed in a sac-like or scale-like structure 1a (perigynium) .....................Carex 01b Flowers with both ♂ and ♀ parts (sometimes some either ♂ or ♀); ovaries/achenes not in a perigynium .........................02 02a Spikelets somewhat fattened, with keeled scales in 2 vertical rows, grouped in ± umbrella- shaped clusters; fower bristles (perianth) 2a absent ....................... Cyperus 02b Spikelets round to cylindrical, with scales 2b spirally attached, variously arranged; fower bristles usually present . 03 03a Achenes tipped with a rounded protuberance (enlarged style-base; tubercle) . 04 03b Achenes without a tubercle (achenes 3a 3b often beaked, but without an enlarged protuberence) .......................05 04a Spikelets single; stems leafess .
  • Seeds of Success Program (SOS) Has Been Collecting Native Plant Seeds in Alaska for Over a Decade

    Seeds of Success Program (SOS) Has Been Collecting Native Plant Seeds in Alaska for Over a Decade

    Summary of Alaska Collections 2002-2012 AK025, AK040, AK930 A report submitted to BLM Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue Anchorage AK 99501 Prepared by Alaska Natural Heritage Program University of Alaska Anchorage 707 A Street Anchorage AK 99501 and Michael Duffy Biological Consulting Services PO Box 243364 Anchorage AK 99524 Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 1 Summary of collections …………………………………………………. 3 Seed storage and increase ………………………………………………… 5 Target list update ………………………………………………………… 8 Development of preliminary seed zones ………………………………… 12 Summary of collections by seed zone Arctic Alaska Seed Zone ………………………………………… 16 Interior Seed Zone ……………………………………………….. 20 West Alaska Seed Zone ………………………………………….. 26 Southwest Alaska Seed Zone …………………………………….. 32 South Central Alaska Seed Zone …………………………………. 34 Southeast Alaska Seed Zone ……………………………………… 40 Further recommendations ………………………………………………… 44 Literature cited …………………………………………………………… 45 Appendices ………………………………………………………………… 47 INTRODUCTION The Bureau of Land Management Seeds of Success Program (SOS) has been collecting native plant seeds in Alaska for over a decade. Beginning in 2002, collections have been made by staff from three offices: the Northern Field Office (whose SOS abbreviation is AK025), the Anchorage Field Office (AK040), and the Alaska State Office (AK930). Most of the AK025 and AK040 collections were made in partnership with the Kew Millennium Seed Bank Project (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/save-seed- prosper/millennium-seed-bank/index.htm). Collecting trips over the period 2002-2007 produced 108 collections, and were made with the assistance of contract botanists from University of Alaska and the Alaska Plant Materials Center. With the conclusion of the Millennium Seed Bank partnership, the state program has focused on obtaining native plant seed to be stored and increased, with the objective of providing greater seed availability for restoration efforts.
  • Grizzly Bear Food Habits in the Northern Yukon, Canada

    Grizzly Bear Food Habits in the Northern Yukon, Canada

    Grizzlybear food habits in the northernYukon, Canada A. Grant MacHutchon1'3and Debbie W. Wellwood2'4 1237 CurtisRoad, Comox, BC V9M3W1, Canada 2p.O. Box 3217, Smithers,BC VOJ2NO, Canada Abstract: We documented seasonal food habits of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Firth River Valley, Ivvavik National Park (INP), northernYukon, Canada, 1993-1995 using: (1) analysis of 176 scats, (2) 222 hours of direct observation,and (3) 99 feeding site investigations.In spring,the primary grizzly bear food plants were alpine hedysarum(Hedysarum alpinum) roots and over-winteredberries such as crowberry (Empetrumnigrum). The main food plants in summer were common horsetail (Equisetumarvense) and bearflower(Boykinia richardsonii). Bears fed primarilyon bog blueberries (Vaccinium uliginosum), crowberries,horsetail, and bearflowerin fall. When blueberrieswere not available, grizzly bears dug for alpine hedysarumroots. In addition to eating plants, grizzly bears killed or scavenged caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and hunted Arctic ground squirrels(Spermophilus parryii) and microtines when available. Well used grizzly bear food plants in INP have similar nutritionalquality as food plants from southern Canada. However, the northerngrowing season is short, and suitable growing sites and diversity of major foods are generally less than in the south, so food plant availabilityis lower. Key words: Canada,diet, food habits, grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, Yukon Ursus 14(2):225-235 (2003) Food and the search for it influence most behavior of As part of a larger research project investigating grizzly bearsduring their non-denning period. Nutritional grizzly bear seasonal habitat use, activity, and move- statushas a stronginfluence on populationdynamics; the ments for Ivvavik National Park (MacHutchon 1996, availabilityand quality of foods can affect a grizzly bear's 2001), we quantifiedgrizzly bear food habits.