DOCSLIB.ORG

Guidelines Resistance Management and Integrated Parasite Control in Ruminants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guidelines Resistance Management and Integrated Parasite Control in Ruminants Guidelines resistance management and integrated parasite control in ruminants FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2004 Guidelines resistance management and integrated parasite control in ruminants Animal Production and Health Division Agriculture Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome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� ���� ����� Foreword FOREWORD The demand for meat has grown rapidly in developing countries over the past 20 years and it is likely that this trend in consumption of livestock products will continue during the next three decades. It is estimated that some 360 million cattle, 560 million sheep and goats and 190 million more pigs would be necessary to satisfy the world’s nutritional demand. This growth in livestock products is an opportunity for the 675 million rural poor who depend on livestock to improve their living conditions. Substantial evidence exists that livestock production is a useful tool for income generation and subsequent poverty reduction for the landless poor, women and small and medium scale farmers. This does, however require an enabling environment including access to credit, development of infrastructure and the supply of animal production and health services. Farmers also need access to information on disease control and livestock management in order to make informed decisions about where to invest their resources to increase production and productivity. The predicted increase in the animal population is not without risks. There are environmental effects caused by overstocking during dry or cold periods or where grazing is conducted on land cleared from rainforest, and the transmission of animal diseases could also affect food security and safety. Globally, parasitic and other endemic diseases continue to be a major constraint on profitable livestock production and productivity, particularly in developing countries. They are rarely associated with high mortality and usually the only clinical signs and effects are lower outputs of animal products, by-products, manure and traction, all contributing to production and productivity losses. Throughout the last century the pharmaceutical industry has continuously developed effective new drugs and parasiticides for the treatment and control of a large number of economically important diseases and as a result have reduced associated production and productivity losses. Ready access to chemicals (insecticides, acaricides and anthelmintics) and the ease with which they can be applied, combined with the immense progress made in the knowledge of the epidemiology of parasites of ruminants, has led to a period of relative success in the control of endo and ectoparasites. This was particularly true in more industrialized livestock production systems. However, the false assumption that parasite control is easily accomplished by the use of chemical means alone has lead to the development of parasite resistance, creating ecological imbalances and leaving drug residues in meat, milk and wool, resulting in the erosion of farmer confidence in the efficiency of current and future parasite control programmes. In view of this, FAO has promoted partnerships with research institutions that have systematically investigated and tested alternatives for diagnosis and control of parasites. It is clear that parasite control needs to move away from the reliance on parasiticide treatment only, to a more integrated and sustainable form of parasite control. These guidelines, which are the result of a three-year collaborative effort between the Animal Health Service of FAO and the FAO-Working Group of Parasite Resistance will assist veterinarians and farmers to make qualified decisions regarding the most appropriate diagnosis and control strategy for their production system. 2 Foreword I would like to extend my thanks to all the contributors to these guidelines but particularly to the FAO-Industry Contact Group of the Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry for their active collaboration and positive criticism of the guidelines. Dr. Yves Cheneau Chief Animal Health Service Animal Production and Health Division FAO 3 Collaborating Scientists COLLABORATING SCIENTISTS I FAO-Working Group on Parasite Resistance Efraín Benavides O. Principal Researcher Animal Health Program CEISA - Centro de Investigación en Salud Animal Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, CORPOICA Apartado Aereo 39144, Bogotá, Colombia E-mail: [email protected] John E. George Laboratory Director Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory USDA, Agricultural Research Service Kerrville, Texas, USA E-mail: [email protected] Jorgen W. Hansen Senior Sector Adviser Policy Planning and Support Unit Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Building 6, Room 1510 The Secretariat, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected] Jorgen B. Jespersen Head of Department of Entomology Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Skovbrynet 14, DK- 2800 Lyngby, Denmark E-mail: [email protected] Nicholas N. Jonsson Senior Lecturer School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland, Qld, 4072, Australia E-mail: [email protected] David Kemp Senior Principal Research Scientist CSIRO Livestock Industries 120 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, Qld, 4068, Australia E-mail: [email protected] João Ricardo Martins Centro de Pesquisa Veterinária Desidério Finamor-FEPAGRO Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. 92990-000 E-mail: [email protected] 4 Collaborating Scientists Peter J. Waller Senior Research Scientist Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR) National Veterinary Institute SE- 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] II Invited Experts Peter G. Bates Head of Parasitology Section Scientific Services Unit Veterinary Laboratories Agency New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Jorge Caracostantogolo Coordinator of Parasitology Institute of Pathobiology INTA Castelar. CC 77, CP 1708, Moron, Argentina E-mail: [email protected] Herculano Cardozo Chief Parasitology Department DILAVE "Miguel C Rubino" Ruta 8 Km 17.5. Montevideo.Uruguay E-mail: [email protected] David E. Evans Regional Services Officer UK Regional Network (Thames & West Region) British Council, 1 Beaumont Place, Oxford OX1 2PJ, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Hugo Fragoso Director National Centre of Services of Establishment in Animal Health Director General of Animal Health, SAGARPA Carretera Federal a Cuautla Km 11.5, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico E-mail: [email protected] Sidney E. Kunz USDA-ARS (Retired) HCR 4 Box 571-L, Kerrville, Texas USA E-mail: [email protected] 5 Collaborating Scientists III FAO Animal Production and Health Division Carlos Eddi Senior Officer (Parasitology) Animal Health Service Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Armando Nari Animal Health Officer (Integrated Parasite Control) Animal Health Service Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Exexutive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD...............................................................................................................2 COLLABORATING SCIENTISTS..........................................................................4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................9 Introduction............................... .................................................................................. ....... ...9 Parasitic Diseases. A Global Problem.. .................................................................................9 Economic impact.............................................................................................. ....................11 Chemical Control.................................................................................................................12 Parasite Resistance...............................................................................................................12 Resistance Diagnosis and Management................................................................................14 Potential Consequences.........................................................................................................15 Registration and Quality Control of Antiparasiticides.........................................................15 Future Needs...... ..................................................................................................................16
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (2015). Cattle Ectoparasites in Great Britain. Cattle Practice, 23(2), 280-287
    Foster, A. , Mitchell, S., & Wall, R. (2015). Cattle ectoparasites in Great Britain. Cattle Practice, 23(2), 280-287. https://www.bcva.org.uk/cattle-practice/documents/3770 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared via BAVC. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ CATTLE PRACTICE VOLUME 23 PART 2 Cattle ectoparasites in Great Britain Foster, A.1, Mitchell, S.2, Wall, R.3, 1School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU 2Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Job’s Well Rd, Johnstown, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ 3Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TQ ABSTRACT Ectoparasites are almost ubiquitous on British cattle, reflecting the success of these parasites at retaining a residual population in the national herd. Lice infestation is common and may be associated with significant disease especially in young moribund calves. The chewing louse Bovicola bovis is a particular challenge to eradicate given its limited response to various therapies and emerging evidence of reduced susceptibility to pyrethroids. Chorioptes is the most common cause of mange in cattle and given its surface feeding habits can be difficult to eradicate with current treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Chewing and Sucking Lice As Parasites of Iviammals and Birds
    c.^,y ^r-^ 1 Ag84te DA Chewing and Sucking United States Lice as Parasites of Department of Agriculture IVIammals and Birds Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1849 July 1997 0 jc: United States Department of Agriculture Chewing and Sucking Agricultural Research Service Lice as Parasites of Technical Bulletin Number IVIammals and Birds 1849 July 1997 Manning A. Price and O.H. Graham U3DA, National Agrioultur«! Libmry NAL BIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsvjlle, MD 20705-2351 Price (deceased) was professor of entomoiogy, Department of Ento- moiogy, Texas A&iVI University, College Station. Graham (retired) was research leader, USDA-ARS Screwworm Research Laboratory, Tuxtia Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. ABSTRACT Price, Manning A., and O.H. Graham. 1996. Chewing This publication reports research involving pesticides. It and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds. does not recommend their use or imply that the uses U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesti- 1849, 309 pp. cides must be registered by appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. In all stages of their development, about 2,500 species of chewing lice are parasites of mammals or birds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication More than 500 species of blood-sucking lice attack may be obtained at no cost from Dr. O.H. Graham, only mammals. This publication emphasizes the most USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572. Copies frequently seen genera and species of these lice, of this publication may be purchased from the National including geographic distribution, life history, habitats, Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and economic Springfield, VA 22161.
    [Show full text]
  • How Pesticides Used in Livestock Farming Threaten Bees
    ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AND FORMULATIONS 1 HOW PESTICIDES USED IN LIVESTOCK FARMING THREATEN BEES VETERINARY TREATMENTS, BIOCIDAL PRODUCTS & POLLINATING INSECTS A UNAF REPORT WITH THE COOPERATION OF BEELIFE EUROPEAN BEEKEEPING COORDINATION, CNTESA AND THE FRENCH FEDERATION OF PROFESSIONAL BEEKEEPERS © Jummie-Istock - UNAF © Jummie-Istock UNAF UNION NATIONALE DE L’ APICULTURE FRANÇAISE UNAF UNION NATIONALE DE L’ APICULTURE FRANÇAISE 2 Author Vincent Zaninotto École Normale Supérieure Sponsor Union nationale de l’apiculture française (UNAF) Supervision Dr. Jean-Marc Bonmatin Centre de Biophysique moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France Financial support National Beekeeping Techno-economic and Scientific Commission (CNTESA) Cooperation BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination and French Federation of Professional Beekeepers (FFAP) Thanks for their review and advice Anne Furet Project Manager «Bee Environment» at UNAF Antoine Caron Scientific Advisor of UNAF Nicole Russier Beekeeper member of French federation of professional beekeepers (FFAP) Noa Simon-Delso Veterinary doctor, doctor of ecotoxicology, scientific advisor of Bee Life Translation from French to English Noa Simon-Delso and Andres Salazar (Bee Life) Published: November 2018 Report submitted by its author in March 2018 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AND FORMULATIONS 3 SUMMARY AND REQUESTS FROM BEEKEEPERS’ ORGANISATIONS © Christel Bonnafoux - UNAF Bonnafoux © Christel UNAF UNION NATIONALE DE L’ APICULTURE FRANÇAISE UNAF UNION NATIONALE DE L’ APICULTURE FRANÇAISE 4 SUMMARY AND REQUESTS FROM BEEKEEPERS’ ORGANISATIONS RÉSUMÉ ET DEMANDES DES APICULTEURS © Christel Bonnafoux - UNAF Bonnafoux © Christel At the beginning of winter 2008-2009, beekeepers NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDES FOR VETERINARY from Ariège (South of France) reported worrying AND BIOCIDAL USE, SOMETIMES SYSTEMIC, AND death rates in their colonies. They observed more ALWAYS HARMFUL TO BEES than 4000 dead hives and whole apiaries decimat- ed, leading to a strong suspicion of bee poisoning.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxa Names List 6-30-21
    Insects and Related Organisms Sorted by Taxa Updated 6/30/21 Order Family Scientific Name Common Name A ACARI Acaridae Acarus siro Linnaeus grain mite ACARI Acaridae Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) brownlegged grain mite ACARI Acaridae Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) bulb mite ACARI Acaridae Suidasia nesbitti Hughes scaly grain mite ACARI Acaridae Tyrolichus casei Oudemans cheese mite ACARI Acaridae Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) mold mite ACARI Analgidae Megninia cubitalis (Mégnin) Feather mite ACARI Argasidae Argas persicus (Oken) Fowl tick ACARI Argasidae Ornithodoros turicata (Dugès) relapsing Fever tick ACARI Argasidae Otobius megnini (Dugès) ear tick ACARI Carpoglyphidae Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus) driedfruit mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex bovis Stiles cattle Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex brevis Bulanova lesser Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex canis Leydig dog Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex caprae Railliet goat Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex cati Mégnin cat Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex equi Railliet horse Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex folliculorum (Simon) Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex ovis Railliet sheep Follicle mite ACARI Demodicidae Demodex phylloides Csokor hog Follicle mite ACARI Dermanyssidae Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) chicken mite ACARI Eriophyidae Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) grain rust mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus essigi (Hassan) redberry mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus gossypii (Banks) cotton blister mite ACARI Eriophyidae Acalitus vaccinii
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects
    CY501-C08[261-330].qxd 2/15/05 11:10 PM Page 261 quark11 27B:CY501:Chapters:Chapter-08: 8 TheThe Paraneopteran Orders Paraneopteran The evolutionary history of the Paraneoptera – the bark lice, fold their wings rooflike at rest over the abdomen, but thrips true lice, thrips,Orders and hemipterans – is a history beautifully and Heteroptera fold them flat over the abdomen, which reflected in structure and function of their mouthparts. There probably relates to the structure of axillary sclerites and other is a general trend from the most generalized “picking” minute structures at the base of the wing (i.e., Yoshizawa and mouthparts of Psocoptera with standard insect mandibles, Saigusa, 2001). to the probing and puncturing mouthparts of thrips and Relationships among paraneopteran orders have been anopluran lice, and the distinctive piercing-sucking rostrum discussed by Seeger (1975, 1979), Kristensen (1975, 1991), or beak of the Hemiptera. Their mouthparts also reflect Hennig (1981), Wheeler et al. (2001), and most recently by diverse feeding habits (Figures 8.1, 8.2, Table 8.1). Basal Yoshizawa and Saigusa (2001). These studies generally agree paraneopterans – psocopterans and some basal thrips – are on the monophyly of the order Hemiptera and most of its microbial surface feeders. Thysanoptera and Hemiptera suborders and a close relationship of the true lice (order independently evolved a diet of plant fluids, but ancestral Phthiraptera) with the most basal group, the “bark lice” (Pso- heteropterans were, like basal living families, predatory coptera), which comprise the Psocodea. One major issue is insects that suction hemolymph and liquified tissues out of the position of thrips (order Thysanoptera), which either their prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalian Diversity in Nineteen Southeast Coast Network Parks
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Mammalian Diversity in Nineteen Southeast Coast Network Parks Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2010/263 ON THE COVER Northern raccoon (Procyon lotot) Photograph by: James F. Parnell Mammalian Diversity in Nineteen Southeast Coast Network Parks Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2010/263 William. David Webster Department of Biology and Marine Biology University of North Carolina – Wilmington Wilmington, NC 28403 November 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Lice Isolated from Farm Animals
    Parasite 27, 28 (2020) Ó B. Ouarti et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020026 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lice isolated from farm animals Basma Ouarti1,2, Maureen Laroche1,2, Souad Righi3, Mohamed Nadir Meguini3,4, Ahmed Benakhla3, Didier Raoult2,5, and Philippe Parola1,2,* 1 Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France 2 IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France 3 Université Chadli Bendjdid, Département des sciences Vétérinaire, 36000 El Tarf, Algeria 4 Institut des Sciences Vétérinaire et Agronomiques, Université Mohamed Cherif Messaadia, 41000 Souk-Ahras, Algeria 5 Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France Received 19 August 2019, Accepted 11 April 2020, Published online 30 April 2020 Abstract – Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is now routinely used for the rapid identification of microorganisms isolated from clinical samples and has been recently successfully applied to the identification of arthropods. In the present study, this proteomics tool was used to identify lice collected from livestock and poultry in Algeria. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of 408 adult specimens were mea- sured for 14 species, including Bovicola bovis, B. ovis, B. caprae, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus africanus, L. vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Chelopistes meleagridis, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Lipeurus caponis and laboratory reared Pediculus humanus corporis. Good quality spectra were obtained for 305 samples. Spectral analysis revealed intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity that were consistent with the morphological classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Blue Cattle Louse Solenopotes Capillatus (Enderlein) (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Linognathidae)1 Kevyn J
    EENY422 Little Blue Cattle Louse Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein) (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Linognathidae)1 Kevyn J. Juneau and Phillip E. Kaufman2 Introduction Description Of the five sucking lice that feed on cattle in Florida Eggs (Kaufman et al. 2007), Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein) The female louse lays one to two 0.7 mm eggs per day, is the smallest in size (Grubbs et al. 2007). The little blue each attached to a hair. Often the hair is bent, a feature not cattle louse, as it is commonly called, is in the family observed with other cattle lice. Linognathidae (the pale lice) and is one of the nine cur- rently recognized species in the genus Solenopotes (Durden Nymphs and Musser 1994). First instars are smaller than the eggs at 0.69 mm and Distribution successively grow to 1.06 mm as a third instar. Solenopotes capillatus is found throughout the world but Adults is generally restricted to areas with domestic livestock. Solenopotes capillatus has a short broad head, broad Solenopotes capillatus was reported by Kim to be the most sensoria on segments four and five of the antennae, and it frequent sucking louse encountered on Korea’s livestock (as has a hexagonal shaped sternal plate on the thorax (Ignoffo cited in Price and Graham 1997), and the louse was also 1959). The front tarsal claws are the smallest of the three identified in Europe and Australia in the early part of the pairs. The middle and hind tarsal claws are approximately 20th century (Matthysse 1946). Discovered in the United the same size. Solenopotes capillatus has prominent abdomi- States in 1917, but not reported until 1921, the little blue nal tubercles that bear the spiracles.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for The
    Development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lice isolated from farm animals Basma Ouarti, Maureen Laroche, Souad Righi, Mohamed Nadir Meguini, Ahmed Benakhla, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola To cite this version: Basma Ouarti, Maureen Laroche, Souad Righi, Mohamed Nadir Meguini, Ahmed Benakhla, et al.. Development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lice isolated from farm animals. Parasite, EDP Sciences, 2020, 27 (28), pp.14. 10.1051/parasite/2020026. hal-02564123 HAL Id: hal-02564123 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02564123 Submitted on 21 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Parasite 27, 28 (2020) Ó B. Ouarti et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020026 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lice isolated from farm animals Basma Ouarti1,2, Maureen Laroche1,2,
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Tropica Control of Biting Lice, Mallophaga
    $FWD7URSLFD ² Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Tropica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actatropica Invited review Control of biting lice, Mallophaga − a review 0$5. Giovanni Benellia,⁎, Alice Casellia, Graziano Di Giuseppeb, Angelo Canalea a Department of Agriculture, Food Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80,56124 Pisa, Italy b Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The chewing lice (Mallophaga) are common parasites of different animals. Most of them infest terrestrial and Bird lice marine birds, including pigeons, doves, swans, cormorants and penguins. Mallophaga have not been found on Biting lice marine mammals but only on terrestrial ones, including livestock and pets. Their bites damage cattle, sheep, Biopesticide goats, horses and poultry, causing itch and scratch and arousing phthiriasis and dermatitis. Notably, Mallophaga Eco-friendly control can vector important parasites, such as the filarial heartworm Sarconema eurycerca. Livestock losses due to Phthiraptera chewing lice are often underestimated, maybe because farmers notice the presence of the biting lice only when the infestation is too high. In this review, we examined current knowledge on the various strategies available for Mallophaga control. The effective management of their populations has been obtained through the employ of several synthetic insecticides. However, pesticide overuse led to serious concerns for human health and the environment. Natural enemies of Mallophaga are scarcely studied. Their biological control with predators and parasites has not been explored yet. However, the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae has been reported as effective in vitro and in vivo experiments against Damalinia bovis infestation on cattle.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3. Arthropods Associated with Livestock Grazing Systems
    45 Chapter 3 Arthropods Associated with Livestock Grazing Systems Timothy J. Lysyk Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre 5403 - 1 Avenue South, P.O. Box 3000 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1 Abstract. The life cycles and biology of the arthropods that affect livestock in Canadian grasslands are reviewed. The blood-feeding dipterous parasite complex consists of members of the families Culicidae, Ceratopogoinidae, Simuliidae, Tabanidae, and Muscidae. Field ectoparasites that affect grazing livestock include several species of ixodid ticks. The blood-feeding dipterous parasite complex and the field ectoparasites consist mainly of native species that were able to readily colonize introduced domestic livestock. A few important species of Muscidae were introduced with livestock, and these species tend to be more specialized. Populations of field ectoparasites and the blood-feeding dipterous complex have responded positively to various environmental perturbations, including irrigation, dam construction, and animal feeding practices. Cultivation may have reduced habitat for some field ectoparasites. Endo- and ectoparasitic arthropods are more specialized and were most likely introduced with their domestic hosts. Populations of these arthropods are affected by host factors such as body temperature, grooming, and immunity. Résumé. Le présent chapitre examine le cycle biologique des arthropodes nuisibles au bétail dans les prairies canadiennes. Le complexe des diptères hématophages se compose de membres de diverses familles : culicidés, cératopogonidés, simulidés, tabanidés et muscidés. Les ectoparasites qui s’attaquent au bétail dans les pâturages comprennent diverses espèces de tiques (ixodidés). Ces diptères hématophages et ces ectoparasites appartiennent principalement à des espèces indigènes qui se sont adaptées facilement aux animaux d’élevage.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Host Relationships of the Trichodectidae
    TAXONOMY, PHYLOGENY AND HOST RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRICHODECTIDAE (PHTHIRAPTERA: ISCHITOCERA) by CHRISTOPHER HENRY GOUTTS LYAL, B.Sc. VOLUME 1 October 1983 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College, London SN7 and Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London SM7 2 ABSTRACT The external morphology of the Phthiraptera is discussed with particular reference to the Trichodectidae. Structures of the head, thorax and abdomen are examined and homologised, most attention being given to features of potential use in systematic analysis. The homologies of the component parts of the male and female genitalia, hitherto disputed, are established. The characters used by previous workers for systematic placement of the Trichodectidae, Ischnocera, Amblycera, Rhyncophthirina, Anoplura, Phthiraptera and Psocoptera are examined, and a cladistic analysis of these groups performed. The Psocodea and Phthiraptera are found to be holophyletic but the Psocoptera are paraphyletic. The Trichodectidae, Amblycera, Rhyncophthirina and Anoplura are all holophyletic, the Rhynco- phthirina is the sister-group of the Anoplura and the Amblycera the sister-group of all other lice. The Ischnocera is not demonstrably holophyletic, and the exact placement of the Trichodectidae is not determined. A cladistic analysis of the Trichodectidae is performed and the 351 species and subspecies reclassified on the basis of this. Five subfamilies are used to partition the twenty genera employed, ten of the latter being sub-divided into twenty-seven subgenera. One subfamily, three genera and four subgenera are described as new. Three genera are placed in synonymy, eight genera and subgenera are raised from synonymy, and four genera are reduced to subgenera,.
    [Show full text]