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Plymouth Sound and Estuaries European Marine Site: Case History

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Plymouth Sound and Estuaries European Marine Site: Case History Plymouth Sound and Estuaries European marine site: Case History This case history has been prepared as a record of the work undertaken on Plymouth Sound and Estuaries in establishing a management scheme on the site as a means of sharing the experiences and good practice that has emerged from it. A General description and features of conservation importance A.1 Plymouth Sound and Estuaries European marine site is a candidate Special Area of Conservation for the following Annex I habitats as listed in the EU Habitats Directive: • Large shallow inlets and bays • Estuaries • Sandbanks which are slightly covered by seawater all the time Of the twelve rias in England, Plymouth Sound and Estuaries is the larger of only two sites being proposed as candidate SACs for large shallow inlets and bays. The ria systems entering Plymouth Sound (St John's Lake and parts of the Tavy, Tamar and Lynher), the large bay of the Sound itself, Wembury Bay, and the ria of the River Yealm are of international marine conservation importance because of their wide variety of salinity conditions, sedimentary and reef habitats. The high diversity of habitats and conditions gives rise to communities both representative of ria systems and some very unusual features, including abundant southern Mediterranean-Atlantic species rarely found in Britain. Examples of species at the site rarely recorded or near the limit of their distribution are the gold and scarlet star coral Balanophyllia regia, the crevice dwelling brittlestar Ophiopsila aranea, the nationally rare sea-slug Okenia elegans, the soft coral Parerythropodium coralloides and the pink sea fan Eunicella verrucosa. A wide variety of estuarine habitats are represented in the rias, from large expanses of mudflats, saltmarsh and reedbed on the largest rivers of the Tamar and Lynher to the large sand bar at the mouth of the Yealm. The upper part of the Tamar and Lynher estuaries also include a very well developed estuarine gradient which has not been modified by the construction of locks or weirs. Consequently, they exhibit one of the finest examples of salinity graded communities in the UK. Rocky reefs in low salinity estuarine conditions far inland on the Tamar are very unusual, supporting rarities such as the hydroid Cordylophora caspia. The Yealm is almost entirely natural with a wide diversity of habitats, communities and species and in contrast to the Tamar, is characteristic of low freshwater input. Natural beds of the native oyster Ostrea edulis also occur on these estuaries, a species now rare in the UK. Within the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries area, a full range of sublittoral sediments is found, from rich muddy sediments in lower ria areas to fine clean sands and shell gravels in the outer bay. A.2 The Tamar Estuaries Complex qualifies as a SPA for the following nationally important populations of the regularly occurring species listed on Annex 1 of the Birds Directive: • Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta • Little egrets Egretta garzetta The Tamar Estuaries Complex SPA comprises several estuaries bordering Devon and Cornwall and, in addition to little egrets Egretta garzetta and avocets Recurvirostra avosetta, the intertidal sandflats, mudflats, areas of saltmarsh and brackish marsh also support nationally important numbers of wintering and passage waterfowl, which are below those necessary for qualification under the SPA. These include shelduck (four year peak mean for 1990/91 to 1993/94 was 842 birds, representing 1.1% of the British population) and black- tailed godwit Limosa limosa (four year peak mean for 1990/91 to 1993/94 was 95 birds, representing 1.3% of the British population). Nationally important numbers of whimbrel Numenius phaeopus also occur in autumn (four year peak mean was 74 birds, representing 1.5% of the British passage population). In addition the site supports wintering dunlin Calidris alpina, curlew Numenius arquata, and redshank Tringa totanus in numbers that approach, and, in some years exceed levels of national importance (SPA citation January 1996). B. Socio-economic characteristics The Tamar Valley is the largest estuarine system in the Southwest of England, supporting approximately 400 000 people within the catchment, plus a large number of visiting tourists and recreationalists. Waterborne activities include commercial shipping, ferry services, fishing (commercial and recreational) and a full range of recreational activities. There are 24 boatyards, 5 marinas, a Royal Naval Dockyard with a nuclear capacity, 3 commercial harbour authorities and the military port, 4 local and 2 county authorities. The site is thus relatively complicated, compared to other LIFE sites in the UK, with a broad spectrum of stakeholders. In recent years, recreational pressures have been shown to be increasing dramatically. There has been a 200% increase in the numbers of moorings since 1975. A new marina development has recently been completed along with a new watersports centre facility. The National Sports Council identify the area as being of national importance, with many major events being held each year. C. Relevant and Competent Authorities Cornwall County Council Devon County Council Devon Sea Fisheries Committee Environment Agency English Nature Ministry of Defence (Queen’s Harbour Master) South West Water Cattewater Harbour Commissioners Associated British Ports Sutton Harbour River Yealm Harbour Authority Plymouth City Council Caradon District Council West Devon Borough Council South Hams District Council Trinity Lighthouse Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food* Countryside Agency* The Kittly Estate* * Competent authorities and landowners that have had a close involvement in the development of the scheme. D. Management structures Local government plans published in 1992 for the administration and management of the Tamar estuary in the wake of the Ministry of Defence retrenchment created great controversy and bitter public opposition. When an Estuary Management Plan project officer was appointed in 1994, the relevant authorities were embroiled in a confrontational political process, where relations had deteriorated significantly. The challenge of building some consensus about the need to balance economic, social, landscape and nature conservation objectives was met by the project officer and colleagues who were able to re-forge a management grouping into the Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum (TECF). This was primarily achieved through an intensive programme of one-to-one meetings and discussions to improve relations and foster a partnership approach amongst the many relevant authorities. When the SAC proposals were first raised in 1995 TECF and its associated advisory panel the Port of Plymouth Marine Liaison Committee (PPMLC) were well placed to take the management scheme process forward. These two existing structures were employed to deliver the EMS management scheme, along with the establishment of another Estuary Management plan and forum for an estuary not previously covered, the Yealm. The EMP’s were thus invaluable in promoting a consensus- based partnership approach to management, preparing the ground for the EMS designation and providing the necessary management structures. The single scheme of management for the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries European marine site is the result of an extensive consultation process initiated in March 1995 when the site was first proposed. Development of the single scheme of management has been supported and made possible through the work of the existing management structures of the: • Lead Management Group - Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum: 16 Relevant Authorities (Queen’s Harbour Master lead) Advisory Group - Port of Plymouth Marine Liaison Committee: 24 members with a hierarchical representation of 130 organisations • Secondary Management Group - Yealm Estuary Management Forum: 5 Relevant Authorities and a major landowner • Advisory Group – Informal network of stakeholders plus the Wembury Voluntary Marine Conservation Area Advisory Committee E. Key events Spring 1995 – Autumn 1996 Consultations on the proposed SAC were initiated by EN in spring 1995. The site was confirmed as a candidate SAC in October 1996. July 1996 English Nature run workshop on the reasons for cSAC status and implications for relevant authorities. Presentation and workshop sessions attended by all relevant authorities, including brainstorming sessions regarding site usage, current management measures and possible damaging operations. October 1996 Identification of Plymouth Sound and Estuaries cSAC as a LIFE Project site. Appointment of a project officer to manage the LIFE task 4.12 to develop a management plan for the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries cSAC. November 1996 Adoption of the role of cSAC management and advisory groups, and responsibility for delivery of the LIFE Project, by the existing forums of Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum (TECF) and Port of Plymouth Marine Liaison Committee (PPMLC). December 1996 to date Presentations, by the project officer, to TECF, PPMLC and a wide variety of user groups to raise awareness of the cSAC, its interest features and implications. January 1997 to Jan 1998 Establishing a partnership of the relevant authorities and landowners involved in managing the Yealm Estuary and subsequently appointing a Yealm Estuary Management Plan Project Officer. Delivery of the Yealm Estuary Management Plan. 1997 to 1998 Delivery of a contract to provide the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries Nature Conservation Review. The review draws together
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