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Seagrass Condition Monitoring in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018

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Seagrass Condition Monitoring in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018 Natural England Commissioned Report NECR294 Seagrass condition monitoring in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018 First published May 2020 www.gov.uk/natural-england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background This report should be cited as: BUNKER, F. Plymouth Sound and Estuaries Special Area St. P. D. and GREEN, B. 2019. Seagrass of Conservation (SAC) is an inshore site which was designated in 2005 for a range of condition monitoring in Plymouth Sound and features including subtidal seagrass beds. Estuaries SAC 2018. Natural England This report was commissioned to provide a Commissioned Reports, Number294. report on condition monitoring of subtidal seagrass within the site undertaken by . Natural England and the Environment Agency in 2018. It will be used in the condition assessment for the site and to support management measures as necessary. Natural England Project Manager – Angela Gall, Lead Marine Advisor, [email protected] Contractor – Francis Bunker Keywords – Marine, Seagrass, Condition, Diving, Drop down video. Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England Access to Evidence Catalogue: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ . For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected]. This report is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv3.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. For details of the licence visit Copyright. Natural England photographs are only available for non commercial purposes. If any other information such as maps or data cannot be used commercially this will be made clear within the report. ISBN 978-1-78354-620-6 © Natural England and other parties 2020 Seagrass condition monitoring in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018 A report to Natural England by Menia Ltd. Author: Francis Bunker & Benjamin Green Client: Angela Gall, Natural England Seagrass monitoring and condition assessment in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018 Bunker, F. St. P. D. and Green, B. 2019. Seagrass condition monitoring in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC. A report to Natural England from Menia Ltd. Table of contents Synopsis .................................................................................................................................................. 7 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Aims and objectives ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Historical data ........................................................................................................................ 2 2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Environment Agency (EA) drop down video (DDV) ............................................................... 3 2.1.1 Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 Data analysis...................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Diver transect methodology .................................................................................................. 4 2.2.1 Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Data analysis...................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Plant collection and data recording .................................................................................. 7 2.2.4 Data analysis...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Cawsand Bay mooring studies by divers ............................................................................... 8 3 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Drop down video (DDV) ....................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Drake’s Island .................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.2 Cawsand Bay ................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Cellar’s Cove .................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.4 Red Cove.......................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.5 Tomb Rock ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.6 Jennycliff North ............................................................................................................... 18 3.1.7 Jennycliff South ............................................................................................................... 20 3.1.8 Firestone Bay ................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.9 Summary of losses and gains .......................................................................................... 23 3.2 Studies carried out by diving ............................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Densities and lengths of plants ....................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 Incidence of plant flowering ........................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 Infection by Labyrinthula zosterae .................................................................................. 29 3.2.4 Cover of leaves by epiphytes .......................................................................................... 31 3.3 Moorings in Cawsand Bay ................................................................................................... 33 4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 Appraisal of methods .......................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Comparison with previous data .......................................................................................... 36 4.2.1 Extent and abundance of Zostera marina ....................................................................... 36 4.2.2 Shoot density measurements ......................................................................................... 37 4.2.3 Incidence of flowering ..................................................................................................... 37 Seagrass monitoring and condition assessment in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries SAC 2018 4.2.4 Infection by Labyrinthula zosterae .................................................................................. 38 4.2.5 Cover of leaves by ephiphytes ........................................................................................ 38 4.3 Moorings in Cawsand Bay ................................................................................................... 39 4.4 The condition of subtidal seagrass beds in Plymouth Sound .............................................. 39 4.5 Summary and conclusions ................................................................................................... 40 5 References .................................................................................................................................... 42 6 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 44 Appendix 1 - Dive transect recording proforma ................................................................................. 45 Appendix 2 – Leaf data recording sheet .............................................................................................. 46 Appendix 3 – Mooring recording proforma .......................................................................................... 47 Appendix 4 – Dive transect information ............................................................................................... 48 Synopsis A survey was convened in by Natural England (NE) in 2018 to assess the condition of the seagrass Zostera marina in Plymouth Sound and Estuaries Special Area of Conservation (SAC). This survey used a combination of Drop Down Video (DDV) techniques as well as in situ studies by divers. The 2018 survey followed up on a baseline survey undertaken in 2012 (Curtis, 2012). The DDV survey measured the extent and abundance of seagrass at Cawsand Bay, Drake’s Island, Cellar’s Cove, Red Cove,
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