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OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] Dp/lD/SER.a/297 11 March 19Ö1 English LEATHER INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT « SI/CMA/8O/8OI OMAN • Terminal Report* Prepared for the Government of Oman by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme Based on the work of 0. van Hoorn, Consultant •Mil '..V- United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna * This report has been reproduced without formal editing. V.31-22717 r ... 1 1. INTRODUCTION Pg. 1.1. BACKGROUND 1 1.2 GOVERNMENT POLICY 2 PRESENT SITUATION AND CONSIDERATIONS 2.1. LIVESTOCK 3 2.1.1. Livestock. Population 3 2.1.2. Livestock Imports 6 2.1.3. Animal Feed Production 3 2.1.A- Meat Consumption Prices 9 ■y SLAUGHTERHOUSES ’ HIDES AND SKINS 2.3.1. Quantity 14 Qua L1CV . 5 2.3.3- Availability 17 2.3.4- Estimated Value of Losses 1 £ 2.3.5. Flaying and Curing 20 2. 4 TANNING 2.4.1. Rural Tanning 22 2.4.2. Mechanised Tannery 23 - . D FOOTWEAR 2.5.1. Local Production 24 2.5.2. Imports 24 2.6. LEATHERGOODS 27 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1. Hides and skins 28 3.2. Tanning 29 3.3 Footwear and Leather goods 31 TABLE 1 Livestock Population 5 TABLE 2 Imports and Exports 33 TABLE 3 Retail Prices Footwear 34 INTRODUCTION 1.I. BACKGROUND With a populacion of I million people,a race of growth of 3Z and an area of 300,000 square kilometers the populacion density is 3.3 per km.2. For many people in the rural area agriculture provides for tr.err living,accounting for an estimated 35 Z of the total employment. Yec this agricultural contribution towards G.D.P. is negligible and this sector has in the pasr not received the attention and support it deserves, due co che fact chac until 1979 the Ministry in charge of Agriculture and Fisheries included Petrol and Mining Section. As crude oil exports in 1973 anci-ntf'd to US S 1555 trillion or 967. of the total exports the priority to this sector is c Lear. In view of this heavy dependence on oil exports Government long-term policy is directed towards development of industries and in chis connection consideration is given cowards exploring possibilities in the livestock sector. Animals are owned by many people and che Government of che Sultanate of Oman request­ ed United Nations Industrial Development Organization co assess the sicutation on che hides and skins,leather and leather products sector in the councry and to present recommendations for necessary accion which should be taken co ensure che sound development of chis industrial sector. - U - 1.2 GOVERNMENT POLICY Government policy towards the development in the industrial sector is reflected in the 5 year Development Plan 1981/85. In order to achieve the targets of the new plan R.O. 135 million is allocated as support for the private development in the fields of agriculture, fisheiies,manufacturing,mining and handicraft. In the field of livestock the commercial side is left to private enterprise while the Government provides services,training and research for cattle owners, This policy is implemented by the establishment of experimental farms and research stations.Government also provides fertilizers,machines,imported animals and cattle feed in case of emergencies caused by droughts. Industrial development is not only envisaged by the 5 year Develop­ ment Plan but also by the establishment of the Rusayl Industrial Estate covering 172 hectares and the 1978 Encouragement of Industries Act which includes : tax holidays for 5 years,free imports of machinery, equipment and raw materials»protective import duties,reduced races for water,electricity and fuel and government preference for local products. PRESENT SITUATION 2.1. LIVESTOCK 2.1.1. Livestock Population Concentrated Livestock is found in D'nofar and Yabal in the south and along the costal belt in the north from Seeb to Sonar- Large-scale farms are in Salaiah.One with 450 head o: caccle.che second one with 730 cattle while in Sohar a dairy farm has 250 dairy cattle and hay production. Individual animals are found in the villages.Goats in the mouncenous area and cattle in many places where one or two -ows are kept in the compound to supply the milk for ch» family.Male calves are fed during 6 months and sold to the outchar as an extra income for the family. The number of animals is limited to the pastures which in turn depend on the water supply available. The poor rain­ fall of 5 mm per month does not contribute much towards the development of more green pastures. Imports of meat and occasionally live animals indicate chat the local supply is insufficient to meec the demand. According co che following cable the opinion on the number of livestock available in the country differ depending on che sources. SOURCE A B C YEAR 1978 1979 1980 Cattle 70.000 123.000 319.000 Sheep 30.000 76.000 138.000 Goacs HO. 000 227.000 1165.000 SOURCE A Prefeasibility study for Industrial Development Japan International Cooperation Agency .1978. 8 Statistical Yearbook. Development council Directorate General of National Statistics 1979. C Ministry of Ag riculture and Fisheries’s Survey 1930. Decailed information of the 1980 figures per province are in Table 1. The Survey was a 5% sample survey and compared vich 1979 figures sheep population increased with 31%,cátele 159%,goats 913% and camels increased with 1331%. These figures cannot be compared with other surveys and one must assume that previous figures were grossly under estimated. According to information there were previous surveys in the south for catcle population only. In 1976 Consultants William Halcón made a populación census and also surveyed the cattle which were estimated at 65.000. In 1977 the Palace Agriculture advisor made a census while in 1978 a population census inciud ed a cattle survey. Comparing these figures with the lácese survey of 1980 the catcle population in the south is 271»% high er. CATTLE POPULATION (South Only) 1976 Survey 65.000 1977 60.000 1978 70.000 1980 262.000 *274% higher - 7 - In councries where hides and skins are preserved ic is possible co check Che number of live animals in relation co che hides and skins collecCed. In Oman skins are chrown away which excludes chis check. Here che availability can only be estimat­ ed on the base of livestock figures although increases of up to 13313 seem very high. LIVESTOCK POPULATION OMAN TABLE 1 (SURVEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE) 1980 UILAYA GOATS SHEEP CAUL CAMELS N0. N'0. so. SO. Bate ina+Capital 105.996 43.978 13.062 1452 Hassandam 43.780 5.610 132 22 Hagar ai Shargi 31.724 7.942 2.772 22 Dofar Coast * Yabel 685.498 31.592 261.663 212.872 Sharqiya 104.962 15.466 9.438 Ô.732 Al Zahira 78.012 8.668 7.986 5.786 Jow & Burami 22.352 4.070 2.662 1.694 Oman Incerior 49.852 12.298 11.044 660 Hagar Al Charbi 43.252 8.624 5.720 44 1,165.428 138.248 319.484 229.284 - 8 - 2.1.2. Livestock Imports Since livestock supply in the country cannot meet local demanu for meat the balance is imported either as meat or livestock which is locally slaughtered.Main imports of meat animals are for religious celebrations when the government provides fresh meat at 50Z of the cost price. Additional imports concern livestock which is imported by experimental or commercial farms for stock improvement.research or cross breeding purposes but the number of hides and skins which be­ come ulcimacely available from these sources is negligible. Total imports in 1979 amounted to 19000 goats and sheep and 8000 in 1978.provid;ng the same number of skins for the local market. This source of supply may become an important factor depending how the future demand for meat will be met. Possible developments on the following considerations should be closely watched. a) Local supply of livestock cannot meet the increasing demand for meat. The balance must be provided either by increased herds or imports.
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