TAX Quarterly Newsletter
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TAX QUARTERLY NEWSLEttER A reVIEW OF PRC AND HONG KONG TAx dEVELOPMENTS www.dlapiper.com | SEPTEMBER 2012 EDitoRS’ CoLUMN In THIS ISSUE… Welcome to our September edition of the Tax Quarterly Newsletter. The summer quarter is always a slower one but still a few things have caught our attention. CHINA We start our China review1 with Wrong Wei, considering the recent decisions by two Beijing courts to reject Ai Weiwei’s appeal of a RMB 15.22M tax evasion fine. In Now or Never, we consider the advantages freeze planning may provide 04 WRONG WEI Chinese-US taxpayers looking to deal with wealth generated from initial public 06 now OR NEVER offerings. The Future Commences Now announces the launch of RMB currency futures in Hong Kong. In 601 + 30 = Some Clarity, we discuss Circular 30 and 09 tHE FUTURE consider how it will affect the application of Circular 601. COMMENCES now For our Hong Kong review, An Intellectual DIPN is a discussion of how DIPN No. 49 aims to clarify the intellectual property right legislation introduced 10 601 + 30 = soME last year. Alternate Reality examines the decision of the Court of Appeal in CLARITY Canray International where the court upheld the decision of the Court of First 12 TIDBit: Instance allowing the Commissioner of Inland Revenue to issue alternate INEVitaBLY assessments against multiple taxpayers on the same profits. In Cheers!, we look at the Nice Cheer Investment case where the Court of Appeal ruled in favour 12 TIDBit: of the taxpayer in its decision that unrealized gains from the revaluation of INEVitaBLY too trading securities are not subject to profits tax. Provisional Tax seeks to provide some guidance on how the provisional income tax system in Hong Kong works. We also discuss an IRD’s recent faux pas in the distribution of their annual report, the new bill paying system and the new DTA with Malta. We welcome your feedback and any question you may have about this edition of HONG KONG our Quarterly Newsletter. 14 an intELLECTUAL DIPN 16 aLTERnatE REALitY 18 CHEERS! Patrice Marceau Daniel Chan Stephen Nelson Foreign Legal Consultant Partner Partner 19 stiLL BAD Hong Kong and China Corporate and Tax DLA Piper Hong Kong FEng SHUI Regional Taxation DLA Piper Hong Kong T +852 2103 0880 DLA Piper Hong Kong T +852 2103 0821 stephen.nelson@ 20 PROVisionaL tax T +852 2103 0554 [email protected] dlapiper.com 21 TIDBit: [email protected] Now YOU SEE it, now YOU Don’T 21 TIDBit: ConVEniENCE 22 TIDBit: NEW tax TREatY Todd Beutler Anderson Lam Foreign Legal Consultant Partner T +852 2103 0493 T +852 2103 0722 [email protected] [email protected] 1 As usual, we caution that, under current Chinese regulations, foreign lawyers such as DLA Piper are not formally admitted to practise law in the People’s Republic of China and, as a result, we are not permitted to render legal opinions on matters of PRC law. Our comments herein should not be construed as legal advice on any of the topics discussed herein. Furthermore, there is no official translation of the Enterprise Income Tax law, the Implementing Rules or the notices and circulars referred to herein; the translations from Chinese are our own rather than official translations. We do not take any responsibility on whether or not the translation expressions properly convey the exact meaning of their Chinese counterparts. Ultimately, only the Chinese version is relevant and you should not act upon anything you may read herein without further consultation with a proper advisor. PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHina www.dlapiper.com | 03 WRONG WEI On 27 September 2012, Ai Weiwei ( ), a world-renown contemporary Chinese artist, human rights activist and dissident, lost his second, and probably final, appeal against a fine of RMB 15.22M (US $2.4M) for tax evasion. The fine was imposed in connection with activities of a company Mr. Ai allegedly controls by the name of Beijing Fake Cultural Development, Ltd. Our readers will recall that, in 2011, Mr. Ai was detained without charge for over 80 days in a military compound where he was, by his own account, subjected to intense psychological pressure, including more than 50 interrogations on his political beliefs and activities. Mr. Ai also indicated that he had been explicitly threatened with retaliation if he persisted in activities qualified as subversive by the authorities. When it became clear that Mr. Ai would not be silenced, retaliation did ensue: soon after his release, the Beijing Tax Bureau announced that Mr. Ai’s company had been involved in various economic crimes leading to the hefty tax evasion penalty. The company appealed in November 2011 but, in a unanimous decision, the appeal was rejected by the Chaoyang District Court on 20 June 2012. Immediately after, Mr. Ai launched a further appeal before the Beijing No. 2 People’s Intermediate Court but, once again, the appeal was rejected as the recent decision confirms. We note the following from a tax angle. ■ Mr. Ai was required to post a bond of some RMB 8.45M (US $1.3M) to proceed to the appeal but collection of the full amount of the penalty claimed by the tax authorities was suspended during his appeal. It is interesting to note that, in many jurisdictions, an appeal of a tax related assessment (whether for tax or penalties) does not require the payment of a bond but, at the same time, it does not suspend the right of the tax authorities to pursue recovery of the amount claimed. For instance, in Hong Kong, as soon as an assessment is issued, it becomes a debt payable to the government that is fully enforceable, irrespective of whether or not the taxpayer files an objection or appeal against the assessment. One surmises that, at the speed at which the Chinese appeal system operates2 and given the difficulties in absconding from the jurisdiction3, the tax authorities are not assuming much of a recovery risk since the few months of the process are unlikely to change significantly the credit status of the taxpayer subject to the impugned assessment. ■ It was reported that an estimated 30,000 supporters contributed over US $1.4M to help Mr. Ai post the bond and pay the fine. Stories of people folding money into paper airplanes and throwing them over the wall surrounding his house circulated widely over the internet and in the press. One wonders whether the goodwill of Mr. Ai’s supporters will compound on the tax issues he and his company are facing. If Mr. Ai received the ‘donations’ as an individual, he should not be liable to tax but, if Mr. Ai was regarded as the agent of Beijing Fake Cultural Development, Ltd., then the donations would be made to the company and would potentially be subject to tax in the PRC. That may be why Mr. Ai has apparently taken the trouble of signing some 13,000 IOUs to attest of debts rather than donations. 2 The first appeal was launched on 15 November 2011 and was resolved within five months while the second appeal was resolved in two months. In Hong Kong, an appeal to the Board of Review (i.e. one layer of appeal) would take at least as much time (7 to 8 months). A further appeal would then be at least another 8 to 12 months to complete. 3 Either physically, because of strict border control, or financially, because of exchange control. 04 | Tax Quarterly Newsletter – September 2012 ■ There is little doubt that the intervention of the tax authorities against Mr. Ai was politically motivated. It is of course not the first time (and nor will it be last!) that a tax system is hijacked to achieve purposes other than money raising. Ever since Al Capone was felled by accusations of tax evasion rather than for any of his many (alleged!) crimes, governments have often found it expedient to use, with or without justification, the tax code to neutralize political and other adversaries. Of course, in the case of Mr. Ai, given how tax non-compliance is still prevalent in the PRC, it may well be that his flanks were exposed and the case of the authorities probably did not even have to be fabricated or contrived. In our view, it is wrong from a policy standpoint to use a tax system for political expediency. A tax system must be perceived as fair and impartial if it is to be accepted and respected by its taxpayers. Where it fails that test, its legitimacy is undermined and it becomes an invitation to taxpayers and tax authorities to misuse the system. In our view, it is a slippery slope that the Chinese tax authorities should have avoided but, for the time being, the message is clear: you had better make sure your tax affairs are in order before engaging in activities frowned upon by the authorities. www.dlapiper.com | 05 NOW OR NEVER On December 31, 2012, the largest US tax exemption in history is set to expire. With it will go what many consider to have been a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for PRC and Hong Kong families with US citizens4 and US green card holders to eliminate millions of dollars of US federal tax exposure. Under the expiring tax exemption, a US Person can shelter over US $5M5 in value from US estate and gift taxes. But starting on 1 January 2013, the exemption will drop all the way down to US $1M, and worse, the maximum tax rate on a US Person’s world-wide assets will increase to a confiscatory 55%.