John Austin James E. Carr Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis
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A Comparison of Stimulus Control Procedures and Progressive Relaxation in the Treatment of Insomnia Mark L
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1979 A Comparison of Stimulus Control Procedures and Progressive Relaxation in the Treatment of Insomnia Mark L. Balen Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Psychology at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Balen, Mark L., "A Comparison of Stimulus Control Procedures and Progressive Relaxation in the Treatment of Insomnia" (1979). Masters Theses. 3170. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3170 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPJ<:R CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Bo(!th Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. Date Author I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because Date Author pdm A Comparison of Stimu1us ControlProcedures and Progressive Relaxation in the Treatment of Insomnia (TITLE) BY Mark L. -
Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law
Token and Taboo: Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law David B. Wexler* Not surprisingly, legal concepts from the prisoners' rights move- ment have begun to spill over into the area of the rights of the institu- tionalized mentally ill. Since the mental patient movement is free of the law and order backlash that restrains the legal battles of prison- ers, it may evoke considerable sympathy from the public, the legisla- tures, and the courts. Commentators and authorities have recently directed attention to important procedural problems in the administration of psychiatric jus- tice' and to the legal issues presented by various methods of therapy. Legal restrictions on a hospital's right to subject unwilling patients to electroconvulsive therapy ' and psychosurgery3 are developing rapidly, and close scrutiny is now being given to "aversive" techniques of be- havior modification and control 4-such as procedures for suppressing transvestitism by administering painful electric shocks to the patient while dressed in women's clothing, and procedures for controlling al- * Professor of Law, University of Arizona. B.A., 1961, Harpur College; J.D., 1964, New York University. 1. See, e.g., Wexler, Scoville et al, The Administration of Psychiatric Justice: Theory and Practice in Arizona, 13 ARIz. L. REV. 1 (1971) [hereinafter cited as PSYCHIATRIC JUSTICE PROJECT]. 2. N.Y. Times, July 15, 1972, at 7, col. 3. In California, section 5325(f) of the Welfare and Institutions Code gives a patient the right to refuse shock treatment, but the following section allows the professional person in charge of the institution, or his designee, to deny the right "for good cause." CAL. -
1006384870-MIT.Pdf
Essays on Job Search, Unemployment, and Regulatory Compliance By G6kqe Bagbug B.A., Istanbul University, 2005 M.A., Istanbul University, 2008 M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015 SUBMITTED TO THE SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MANAGEMENT at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2017 C2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. I Signature redacted Signature of Author: Department of Management May 5, 2017 Signature redacted Certified by: Thomas A. Kochan George Maverick Bunker Professor of Management/ Thesis Co-Supe/visor Signature redacted Certified by: /&oberto M ern ez William F. Pounds Professor in ag ent Thesis C -Sup isor Signature redacted Accepted by: INSTITUTE MASSACHUSETTS Catherine Tucker Sloan Distinguished Professor of Management MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY co Professor of Marketing LU Chair, MIT Sloan PhD Program JUN 262017 I 0 LIBRARIES 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 MfTLibraries http://Iibraries.mit.edu/ask DISCLAIMER NOTICE Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. Thank you. The images contained in this document are of the best quality available. Essays on Job Search, Unemployment, and Regulatory Compliance by Gik9e Bagbug Submitted to the Sloan School of Management on May 5, 2017 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management Abstract This dissertation is composed of four essays, each studying limits to the means that are famously known to be effective. -
175 Alexandra Rutherford's Major Premise, She Tells Us, Is That B.F. Skinner Has Had an Enduring Impact on American Society An
Behavior and Social Issues, 18, 175-177 (2009). © Peter Lamal. Readers of this article may copy it without the copyright owner’s permission, if the author and publisher are acknowledged in the copy and the copy is used for educational, not-for-profit purposes. FROM RATS AND PIGEONS TO CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW OF BEYOND THE BOX: B. F. SKINNER’S TECHNOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR FROM LABORATORY TO LIFE, 1950S TO 1970S BY ALEXANDRA RUTHERFORD (2009). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9774-3. 224 pp. $55.00. Alexandra Rutherford’s major premise, she tells us, is that B.F. Skinner has had an enduring impact on American society and her book describes the how, when, where, and why of this impact. Furthermore, although the experimental analysis of behavior and the philosophy of radical behaviorism continue to be vibrant areas, Rutherford’s thesis is that Skinner’s lasting impact is due to his development of, and adoption by others, of his technology of behavior, “Skinner’s most enduring achievement was to treat human behavior change like any other technological problem” (p. 10). At the same time, however, Rutherford reminds us that Skinner’s system was and continues to be rejected by many on philosophical grounds and by others on ethical grounds. This book outlines the evolution of Skinner’s behavioral technology by describing several projects undertaken during the 1950s through the 1970s. The development of the experimental analysis of behavior relied heavily upon experiments with pigeons and rats in free operant chambers, the latter often referred to as Skinner Boxes, after their inventor. -
Individual Differences in Risky Decision Making: a Meta-Analysis of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, J. Behav. Dec. Making (2013) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1784 Individual Differences in Risky Decision Making: A Meta-analysis of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task MARCO LAURIOLA1*, ANGELO PANNO1, IRWIN P. LEVIN2 and CARL W. LEJUEZ3 1Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Italy 2Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, USA 3Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, USA SUMMARY To represent the state-of-the-art in an effort to understand the relation between personality and risk taking, we selected a popular decision task with characteristics that parallel risk taking in the real world and two personality traits commonly believed to influence risk taking. A meta-analysis is presented based on 22 studies of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task from which correlations with sensation seeking and impulsivity assessments could be obtained. Results calculated on a total of 2120 participants showed that effect size for the relation of sensation seeking with risk taking was in the small–moderate range (r = .14), whereas the effect size for impulsivity was just around the small effect size threshold (r = .10). Although we considered participants’ demographics as moderators, we found only significantly larger effect sizes for the older adolescents and young adults compared with other ages. The findings of the present review supported the view that inconsistencies in personality–risk research were mostly due to random fluctuations of specific effect sizes, rather than to lack of theoretical ties or to measurement unreliability. It is also concluded that studies aimed at relating individual differences in personality to performance in experimental decision tasks need an appropriate sample size to achieve the power to produce significant results. -
With God on Our Side: Religious Primes Reduce the Envisioned Physical Formidability of A
With God on our side: Religious primes reduce the envisioned physical formidability of a menacing adversary Colin Holbrooka, Daniel M. T. Fesslera, and Jeremy Pollackb Department of Anthropology and Center for Behavior, Evolution, & Culturea University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, 90095 Department of Anthropologyb California State University, Fullerton Fullerton, CA, 92831 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN COGNITION Author Note Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Colin Holbrook, Center for Behavior, Evolution and Culture, Department of Anthropology, 341 Haines Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1553 USA. E-mail: [email protected] Running head: GOD AND FORMIDABILITY Abstract The imagined support of benevolent supernatural agents attenuates anxiety and risk perception. Here, we extend these findings to judgments of the threat posed by a potentially violent adversary. Conceptual representations of bodily size and strength summarize factors that determine the relative threat posed by foes. The proximity of allies moderates the envisioned physical formidability of adversaries, suggesting that cues of access to supernatural allies will reduce the envisioned physical formidability of a threatening target. Across two studies, subtle cues of both supernatural and earthly social support reduced the envisioned physical formidability of a violent criminal. These manipulations had no effect on the perceived likelihood of encountering non-conflictual physical danger, raising the possibility that imagined supernatural support leads participants to view themselves not as shielded from encountering perilous situations, but as protected should perils arise. Keywords: violence, social cognition, religion, threat-detection 1 Running head: GOD AND FORMIDABILITY 1. Introduction Belief in supernatural agents is a ubiquitous feature of human societies (Atran & Norenzayan, 2004; Guthrie, 1993). -
Risk-Taking and the Media
Risk Analysis, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01538.x Perspective Risk-Taking and the Media Peter Fischer,1,∗ Evelyn Vingilis,2 Tobias Greitemeyer,3 and Claudia Vogrincic1 In recent years, media formats with risk-glorifying content, such as video games that simulate illegal street racing (“bang and crash” games), films about extreme sports, and risky stunts have emerged as top sellers of the media industry. A variety of recent studies conducted by several researchers revealed that exposure to risk-glorifying media content (e.g., video games that simulate reckless driving, smoking and drinking in movies, or depictions that glorify ex- treme sports) increases the likelihood that recipients will show increased levels of risk-taking inclinations and behaviors. The present article (1) reviews the latest research on the detri- mental impact of risk-glorifying media on risk-taking inclinations (cognitions, emotions, be- haviors), (2) puts these findings in the theoretical context of recent sociocognitive models on media effects, and (3) makes suggestions to science and policymakers on how to deal with these effects in the future. KEY WORDS: Media effects; risk-glorifying media; risk taking; sociocognitive models Use your car as a weapon and battle your way to the haviors. For example, binge drinking is on the rise front of the pack by taking down rivals and causing spec- in Western countries;(10) with Germany witnessing a tacular crashes. (advertising slogan for the video racing doubling in the number of 15- to 19-year-old ado- game Burnout 3) lescents being treated in hospital due to extreme al- In as much as risk-taking behavior is among the cohol abuse between 2002 and 2009. -
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Melanie K. Leggett, PhD, CBSM Duke University Medical Center Disclosures ▪ I have no relevant financial relationship with the manufacturers of any commercial products and/or providers of commercial services discussed in this CME activity. ▪ Neither I or any member of my immediate family has a financial relationship or interest with any proprietary entity producing health care goods or services related to the content of this CME activity. ▪ My content may include reference to commercial products; however, generic and alternative products will be discussed whenever possible. I do not intend to discuss any unapproved or investigative use of commercial products or devices. ▪ This presentation does not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government. 2 Overview ▪ Development and model of insomnia ▪ CBTI components ▪ CBTI therapy ▪ Outcomes ▪ Dissemination 3 Objectives ▪ Participants will understand the conceptual model of insomnia. ▪ Participants will be able to define CBTI, describe the treatment components, and understand the therapeutic rationale. ▪ Participants will understand the indications and contraindications for CBTI and be able to describe treatment efficacy. 4 Development of Insomnia 5 Definition of Insomnia ▪ Insomnia characterized by: ▫ Trouble falling asleep ▫ Trouble staying asleep ▫ Early morning awakenings ▪ Distress/impairment in daytime functioning ▪ Adequate opportunity & circumstances for sleep ▪ At least 3x/week for 3 months ▪ Not better explained by another sleep disorder 6 Sleep Processes Homeostatic System Circadian System Sleep Arousal System 7 Spielman’s Conceptual Model of Insomnia 8 CBTI Components 9 What is CBTI? ▪ Multicomponent regimen 1. Sleep restriction 2. Stimulus control 3. Cognitive therapy 4. Sleep hygiene 5. -
Parenting the Young Handicapped Child:ANCI-6
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 224,249 EC 150 635 AUTHOR Evans, Joyce; Bricker, Donna TITLE Parenting the Young Handicapped Child:ANCI-6. Early Childhood Intervention Catalog Module. INSTITUTION, Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, Tex. SPONS AGENCY Texas State Dept. of Health Resources, Austin. pUB DATE Aug 82 NOTE 99p.; For related documents, see EC 150 630-636. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MFOl'Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Child Development; *Disabilities; Early Childhood'Education; Infants; *Intervention; *Parent Materials; *Parent Role; *Parent School Relationship; Professional Personnel; Resources; *Self Concept; Staff Role; Young , Children ABSTRACT The Sixth of seven monographs on earlyintervention for young (birth to age 3) handicapped childrenis intended for parents and other family members. Materialswhich focus on five topics.appropriate'for parent groups (overcoming communication barriers, legal rights and responsibility, self concept andtheir children', toy construction for learning, and professionals'roles) are delcribed. A series of three annotatedbibliographies comprise thiit remainder of the book. Topics addwsed are youngchildren (chird development and 19Orning, activities and tcys, self concept,health and,safety, behavior); handicapped children(biographies, legal issues, general and specific handicaps); andactivities to understand feelings and handicaps. Bibliography entries includeinformation-on title, author, topicp date, and publisher -
Creating Stimulus Control 1
Running head: CREATING STIMULUS CONTROL 1 Creating Stimulus Control In a Classroom for Children with Autism Emily Levy California State University, Fresno Emily This is wonderful, best in the class, doesn’t need editing….very very good. CREATING STIMULUS CONTROL 2 CREATING STIMULUS CONTROL 3 Abstract Human behavior, throughout the day, is guided by certain stimuli that signal a person what response or action is required. The term “stimulus control” is used to describe the situation when a behavior occurs in the presence of some stimuli and not others (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2006). Stimulus control can be created through differential reinforcement. It is commonly used with children with autism during discrete trial lessons. Stimulus control can be used in a classroom environment to increase the on-task behavior of the students. Keywords: stimulus control, differential reinforcement, classroom, autism CREATING STIMULUS CONTROL 4 Creating Stimulus Control: In a Classroom for Children with Autism It is estimated that one in 110 children in the United States have autism spectrum disorder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Autism is a developmental disability that affects most children by the age of three years (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). There is no known cause for autism. The three main characteristics for a diagnosis of autism are deficits in language, deficits in social interactions, and restrictive, repetitive behavior. The field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) implements a behavioral model that is acknowledged as an empirically validated treatment for children with autism (Schreibman, 2000). This behavioral model composes about two-thirds of the established, effective treatments for children with autism as found in the National Standards Project by the National Autism Center (2009). -
Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures, 4Th
Your students can perform “classic” experiments that closely resemble those discussed in Miltenberger’s text Sniffy™ the Virtual Rat Lite, Version 2.0, Second Edition By Tom Alloway, Greg Wilson, and Jeff Graham Order the text packaged with Sniffy Lite and save your students money! Use: 0-495-42745-4 Students realize all of the benefi ts of using a real rat with none of the drawbacks as they master the concepts of classical and operant conditioning by training Sniffy Bring the theories of learning to life using Sniffy the Virtual Rat. Instructors across the country have praised Sniffy, a realistic digital rat in a Skinner Box, for his ability to give students hands- on experience in setting up and conducting experiments that demonstrate the phenomena of classical and operant conditioning. Users begin by training Sniffy to press a bar to obtain food. Then, they progress to studies of more complex learning phenomena. Throughout each study, a series of “Mind Windows” enables students to visualize how Sniffy’s experiences in the chamber produce the psychological changes that they’re learning in your course. Available on a cross-platform CD-ROM, the Lite version of Sniffy includes 16 exercises that cover the essential phenomena of learning psychology. Students grow to love Sniffy as he helps them learn to: • Simulate classical conditioning phenomena including acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. • Simulate operant conditioning phenomena including magazine training; shaping; extinction; primary and secondary reinforcement; variable-interval, variable-ratio, fi xed-interval, and fi xed-ratio schedule effects; and the partial-reinforcement effect. • Measure responses employed by research psychologists in a data form that can be printed and turned in for class assignments. -
MANIA RISK & RISK-TAKING 1 Feeling Good and Taking a Chance
MANIA RISK & RISK-TAKING 1 Feeling Good and Taking a Chance? Associations of Hypomania Risk with Cognitive & Behavioral Risk Taking Hillary C. Devlin1, Sheri L. Johnson2, & June Gruber3* 1 Yale University, Department of Psychology 2 University of California Berkeley, Department of Psychology 3 University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in press, Cognitive Therapy and Research *Corresponding Author: June Gruber University of Colorado Boulder Department of Psychology and Neuroscience 345 UCB Muenzinger D321C Boulder, CO 80309-0345 (510) 410-3822 [email protected] MANIA RISK & RISK-TAKING 2 Abstract Although elevated impulsivity among individuals at risk for or with a clinical history of mania has been identified in prior work, questions remain regarding ways in which impulsivity may manifest as risky decision-making and behavior. The present investigation examined how hypomania risk, measured using the Hypomanic Personality Scale, was associated with two facets of risk-taking: cognitive appraisals of risk and benefits that will result from risk-taking, and behavioral risk-taking on a validated task and self-report measures. Hypomania risk was associated with appraising future risk-taking as having less costs, but was unrelated to appraising future risk-taking as having more benefits. On behavioral risk measures, it was associated with increased expectations of engagement in risky behavior over the next six months, yet also with markers of lower risk-taking on the BART. The present findings have implications for understanding precise cognitive and behavioral factors that underlie the relationship between hypomania risk and risk-taking. Key words: Hypomania risk, positive emotion, impulsivity, risk-taking MANIA RISK & RISK-TAKING 3 Feeling Good and Taking a Chance? Associations of Hypomania Risk with Cognitive & Behavioral Risk Taking Within the field of emotion and psychopathology, much of the existing work has directed attention toward negative emotion disturbance.