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Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures, 4Th Your students can perform “classic” experiments that closely resemble those discussed in Miltenberger’s text Sniffy™ the Virtual Rat Lite, Version 2.0, Second Edition By Tom Alloway, Greg Wilson, and Jeff Graham Order the text packaged with Sniffy Lite and save your students money! Use: 0-495-42745-4 Students realize all of the benefi ts of using a real rat with none of the drawbacks as they master the concepts of classical and operant conditioning by training Sniffy Bring the theories of learning to life using Sniffy the Virtual Rat. Instructors across the country have praised Sniffy, a realistic digital rat in a Skinner Box, for his ability to give students hands- on experience in setting up and conducting experiments that demonstrate the phenomena of classical and operant conditioning. Users begin by training Sniffy to press a bar to obtain food. Then, they progress to studies of more complex learning phenomena. Throughout each study, a series of “Mind Windows” enables students to visualize how Sniffy’s experiences in the chamber produce the psychological changes that they’re learning in your course. Available on a cross-platform CD-ROM, the Lite version of Sniffy includes 16 exercises that cover the essential phenomena of learning psychology. Students grow to love Sniffy as he helps them learn to: • Simulate classical conditioning phenomena including acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. • Simulate operant conditioning phenomena including magazine training; shaping; extinction; primary and secondary reinforcement; variable-interval, variable-ratio, fi xed-interval, and fi xed-ratio schedule effects; and the partial-reinforcement effect. • Measure responses employed by research psychologists in a data form that can be printed and turned in for class assignments. A one-step process enables users to incorporate Sniffy’s data in lab reports and term papers. • Display Sniffy in his operant chamber, where his movements can be observed in real time, or “isolate” Sniffy’s Skinner Box inside a soundproof, air-conditioned chamber where Sniffy is invisible—which accelerates the speed at which your computer can execute experiments. Easy to use! The CD-ROM comes with a Lab Manual that walks users through the steps necessary to set up classical and operant conditioning experiments. (Screen shots are included for both Macintosh® and Windows users.) The manual also includes instructions on how to print or e-mail results, so that Sniffy can become part of students’ homework assignments and term papers. For more information, visit www.thomsonedu.com/psychology. Minimum System Requirements: PC—Windows 98 SE, ME, 2000, or XP (not NT); Pentium II 233 MHz; 128 MB RAM; 16-bit sound card, 800x600, 16-bit High Color display; speakers or headphones; 8x CD-ROM. Macintosh—MAC OS 8.6 or later; PowerPC Processor or later; 128 MB RAM; 16-bit sound card; 800x600, 16-bit High Color display; speakers or headphones; 8x CD-ROM. Now you can perform “classic” experiments that closely resemble those discussed in this book Sniffy™ the Virtual Rat Lite, Version 2.0, Second Edition By Tom Alloway, Greg Wilson, and Jeff Graham 0-534-63357-9 Master the concepts of classical and operant conditioning as you train Sniffy—you’ll realize all of the benefi ts of using a real rat with none of the drawbacks The Lite Version of the famous Sniffy the Virtual Rat software simulates a wide range of learning phenomena. Sniffy, a friendly, animated rat in a Skinner Box, helps you explore the principles of operant conditioning. You’ll begin by training Sniffy to press a bar to obtain food. Then, you’ll progress to studies of more complex learning phenomena. Throughout each study, a series of “Mind Windows” lets you visualize how Sniffy’s experiences in the chamber produce the psychological changes that you’re learning about in your text. With Sniffy’s help, you’re quickly on the path toward success! You’ll grow to love Sniffy as he helps you learn to: • Simulate classical conditioning phenomena including acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. • Simulate operant conditioning phenomena including magazine training; shaping; extinction; primary and secondary reinforcement; variable-interval, variable-ratio, fi xed-interval, and fi xed-ratio schedule effects; and the partial-reinforcement effect. • Measure responses employed by research psychologists in a data form that can be printed and turned in for class assignments. A one-step process enables you to incorporate Sniffy’s data in lab reports and term papers. • Display Sniffy in his operant chamber, where you can observe all his movements in real time, or “isolate” Sniffy’s Skinner Box inside a soundproof, air-conditioned chamber where Sniffy is invisible—which accelerates the speed at which your computer can execute experiments. Easy to use! Detailed documentation and step-by-step instructions make the program accessible even if you’re a novice computer user. All exercises in the manual are illustrated with dialogue boxes and windows from the most recent versions of the Macintosh® and Windows operating systems available at the time of Sniffy’s publication. Order a copy of Sniffy Lite today! Visit www.thomsonedu.com/psychology to purchase. Minimum System Requirements: PC—Windows 98 SE, ME, 2000, or XP (not NT); Pentium II 233 MHz; 128 MB RAM; 16-bit sound card, 800x600, 16-bit High Color display; speakers or headphones; 8x CD-ROM. Macintosh—MAC OS 8.6 or later; PowerPC Processor or later; 128 MB RAM; 16-bit sound card; 800x600, 16-bit High Color display; speakers or headphones; 8x CD-ROM. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION Principles and Procedures Fourth Edition RAYMOND G. MILTENBERGER University of South Florida Australia • Brazil • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain United Kingdom • United States Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures, Fourth Edition Raymond G. Miltenberger Publisher: Michele Sordi Print Buyer: Judy Inouye Editor: Jaime A. Perkins Permissions Editors: Roberta Broyer, Kiely Sisk Managing Assistant Editor: Dan Moneypenny Production Service: Anne Williams, Graphic World Editorial Assistant: Rachel Guzman Publishing Services Senior Technology Project Manager: Bessie Weiss Text Designer: Cheryl Carrington Marketing Manager: Sara Swangard Photo Researcher: Anne Williams Marketing Assistant: Melanie Cregger Copy Editor: Graphic World Publishing Services Marketing Communications Manager: Linda Yip Cover Designer: Lisa Delgado Project Manager, Editorial Production: Mary Noel Cover Image: Digital Art/Corbis Creative Director: Rob Hugel Compositor: ICC Macmillan Inc. Art Director: Vernon T. Boes Printer: Courier Corporation/Westford © 2008, 2004 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Thomson Higher Education Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are 10 Davis Drive trademarks used herein under license. Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, For more information about our products, contact us at: including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other 1-800-423-0563 manner—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, Printed in the United States of America submit a request online at 12345671110090807 http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be ExamView® and ExamView Pro® are registered trademarks submitted by e-mail to [email protected]. of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. © 2008 Thomson Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Thomson Learning WebTutor™ is a trademark of Thomson Learning, Inc. Library of Congress Control Number: 2007927252 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-09153-0 ISBN-10: 0-495-09153-7 To my wife, Nasrin, and my kids, Ryan, Roxanne, and Steven ABOUT THE AUTHOR aymond G. Miltenberger received his R Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology in 1985 from Western Michigan University. He is currently a professor and director of the Applied Behavior Analysis Masters Program at the University of South Florida. Dr. Miltenberger conducts ap- plied behavior analysis research with his students and publishes widely in the areas of habit disor- ders, functional assessment and treatment of be- havioral disorders, and self-protection skills train- ing. He utilizes behavior modification in clinical work with children and individuals with mental retardation. In addition to spending time with his family, he enjoys running, golf, baseball, and travel. iv BRIEF CONTENTS One / Introduction to Behavior Modification 1 PART 1 MEASUREMENT OF BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE Two / Observing and Recording Behavior 21 Three / Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change 47 PART 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES Four / Reinforcement 73 Five / Extinction 101 Six / Punishment 119 Seven / Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization 143 Eight / Respondent Conditioning 165 PART 3 PROCEDURES TO ESTABLISH NEW BEHAVIOR Nine / Shaping 185 Ten / Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control 205 Eleven / Chaining 227 Twelve / Behavioral Skills Training Procedures 251 PART 4 PROCEDURES TO INCREASE DESIRABLE BEHAVIOR AND DECREASE UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR Thirteen / Understanding Problem Behaviors through Functional Assessment 273 Fourteen
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