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Adaptation options for agricultural cultivation systems in the South Central Coast under the context of climate change: Assessment Report Working paper no. 293 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Nguyen Van Bo Chu Thai Hoanh aper Pham Van Du P Ho Huy Cuong g Tran Thi My Hanh Duong Minh Tuan in Nguyen Duc Trung k r o i W Adaptation options for agricultural cultivation systems in the South Central Coast under the context of climate change: Assessment Report Working paper no. 293 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Nguyen Van Bo Chu Thai Hoanh Pham Van Du Ho Huy Cuong Tran Thi My Hanh Duong Minh Tuan Nguyen Duc Trung ii Citation: Bo NV, Hoanh CT, Du PV, Cuong HH, Hanh TTM, Tuan DM, Trung ND. 2019. Adaptation options for agricultural cultivation systems in the South Central Coast under the context of climate change: Assessment Report. CCAFS Working paper no. 293. Wageningen, The Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org Titles in this Working Paper series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices, and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The Program is carried out with funding by CGIAR Fund Donors, Australia (ACIAR), Ireland (Irish Aid), Netherlands (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), New Zealand (Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade); Switzerland (SDC); Thailand; UK Government (UK Aid); USA (USAID); The European Union (EU); and with technical support from The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Contact: CCAFS Program Management Unit, Wageningen University & Research, Lumen building, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] Creative Commons License This Working Paper is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. © 2019 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). CCAFS Working Paper no. 293. DISCLAIMER: This Working Paper has been prepared as an output under the CCAFS program in Southeast Asia and has not been peer-reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. All images remain the sole property of their sources and may not be used for any purpose without the written permission of the sources. iii Abstract This report highlights the results of consultation meetings and field visits organized by the Department of Crop Production and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia in association with the three offices of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in the South Central Coast provinces of Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan, and Khanh Hoa, in combination with consultation with the provinces in the conference: “Summing up crops production in the Winter-Spring season in 2018-2019, implementing the Summer-Autumn season, Main rice season in 2019 for the South Central Coast and the Central Highlands” held by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Tam Ky City, Quang Nam Province on 12 April 2019. The meetings underlined the progress made by the provinces on climate change adaptation and mitigation, options for risk reductions in agricultural production, and conversion of crop structure as results of implementing the guidelines of the provinces and the Sector, especially, solutions for reservation and efficient and economic use of water under the context of climate change. This assessment report also reviews some issues related to the agricultural transformation of the region in adapting to risks caused by climate change. They are based on comparative advantages in terms of geographical location and market of key agricultural products. This report also points out shortcomings in using land and unreasonable points in managing and using important natural resources, especially water, and provides recommendations for the agricultural transformation and inter-regional connection with the Central Highlands and the Southeast. The team also introduces climate-related risks maps and adaptation plans (CS MAP) which is applied in the five provinces in the Mekong Delta Region, and hopes this solution’s expansion shall be supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the provinces. Keywords: Climate change, water resources, adaptation plan, crops system, South Central iv About the authors Nguyen Van Bo, PhD, former Director of the Department of Science and Technology and President of the Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Email: [email protected] Chu Thai Hoanh, PhD, former senior expert of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Email: [email protected] Pham Van Du, PhD, former Deputy Director of the Department of Crop Production and senior expert of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Email: [email protected] Ho Huy Cuong, PhD, Director of the Agricultural Science Institute for Southern Coastal Central of Vietnam (ASISOV). Email: [email protected] Tran Thi My Hanh, MA, Specialist of the Department of Crop Production, Southern Office. Email: [email protected] Duong Minh Tuan, BA, Assistant Researcher of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia. Email: [email protected] Nguyen Duc Trung, MA, researcher of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia (CCAFS SEA). Email: [email protected] v Acknowledgments This work was supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia (CCAFS SEA) and the Department of Crop Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam. The authors would like to thank the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and farmers in the two provinces involved in this mission for their hospitality and invaluable insights. vi Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. IV About the authors .................................................................................................................................. V Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. VI Table of contents .................................................................................................................................. VII List of figures .......................................................................................................................................... IX List of tables ........................................................................................................................................... IX Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................................................... X Rationale .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Purposes and methods ............................................................................................................................ 1 SURVEY PURPOSES ................................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Survey results .................................................................................................................................... 2 OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL COAST .................................................................................................... 2 Natural condition ........................................................................................................................... 2 Socio-economic .............................................................................................................................. 3 Effects of climate change to agricultural production in the region ................................................ 4 RESULTS OF SURVEY IN SOME SOUTH CENTRAL PROVINCES ............................................................................... 6 Khanh Hoa ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Ninh Thuan ................................................................................................................................... 14 Binh Thuan ................................................................................................................................... 18 Comments and suggestions ..................................................................................................................