DOCSLIB.ORG

5 Street Bridge Replacement Project BA Biological Assessment for Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus Californicus Dimo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
5 Street Bridge Replacement Project BA Biological Assessment for Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus Californicus Dimo 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project BA Biological Assessment for Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project City of Yuba City Sutter and Yuba County, California 03–SUT/YUB–Yuba City BHLS-5163(025) September 2011 For individuals with sensory disabilities, this document is available in Braille, large print, on audiocassette, or computer disk. To obtain a copy in one of these alternate formats, please call or write to Caltrans, Attn: Cara Lambirth, District 3, 703 "B" Street, Marysville, CA 95901; (530) 741-4109, or use the Caltrans District 3 Office of Equal Opportunity TTY number, 530-741-4509. Biological Assessment for Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project City of Yuba City Sutter and Yuba County, California 03–SUT/YUB–Yuba City BHLS-5163(025) September 2011 STATE OF CALIFORNIA Department of Transportation City of Yuba City Prepared By: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Sarah Jenkins, Biologist (916) 858-0642 Dokken Engineering Reviewed By: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Maureen Doyle, Associate Biologist (530) 741-4470 Biological Studies and Permits Caltrans, District 3 Approved By: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Susan D Bauer, Environmental Branch Chief (530) 741-7113 Environmental Planning Caltrans, District 3 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Determinations Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Determinations This Biological Assessment (BA) is a review and evaluation of the potential effects to the federally listed species valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB) (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) as a result of the proposed 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project. The City of Yuba City, in cooperation with the City of Marysville and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), proposes replace the structurally deficient and seismically inadequate 5th Street Bridge. The existing bridge facility is at risk should a seismic event occur, and it does not meet Caltrans structural design standards. Due to the seismic risk, the 5th Street Bridge has been included in the State Mandatory Retrofit Program. A combination of local and Federal funds have been approved for the 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project. In August 2011, a Draft Natural Environment Study (NES) was prepared for the proposed 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project, located at the boundary between the City of Marysville, Yuba County and the City of Yuba City, Sutter County. A small population of elderberry shrubs (Sambucus mexicana), which provide potential habitat for the federally- listed VELB, were identified within the Biological Study Area (BSA). The August 2011 Draft NES also addressed several other federal species, but these are under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service and are not addressed here. Various avoidance and minimization measures were developed to ensure that potential project impacts to VELB would be minimized to the greatest extent practicable. Due to the location of the bridge structure, some elderberry shrubs must be removed to accommodate project construction. However, no critical habitat would be affected, and with proposed mitigation there would be no cumulative effects on VELB from the proposed project. Therefore, the project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect VELB and this document has been prepared to initiate Section 7 Consultation with USFWS. During construction, the Project would implement avoidance and protective measures as described in “Conservation Guidelines for the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle” (USFWS 1999). The Project would mitigate for removal of 12 elderberry shrubs by purchasing 9 credits from River Ranch Conservation Bank, a USFWS-approved VELB mitigation bank. Final impacts and mitigation requirements will be determined through Section 7 consultation with the USFWS. 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project BA BHLS-5163(025) 2011 i Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Project Description ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1. Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2. Build Alternatives ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Summary of Consultation to Date .......................................................................................... 8 1.3. Document Preparation History ............................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2. Study Methods ............................................................................................................ 9 2.1. Listed and Proposed Species Potentially in the Biological Study Area ................................. 9 2.1. Studies Required ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Personnel and Survey Dates ................................................................................................. 13 2.3. Agency Coordination and Professional Contacts ................................................................. 13 2.4. Limitations That May Influence Results .............................................................................. 13 Chapter 3. Results: Environmental Setting ................................................................................ 14 3.1. Description of Existing Biological and Physical Conditions ............................................... 14 Chapter 4. Results: Biological Resources, Discussion of Impacts and Mitigation .................... 15 4.1. Federally-Listed or Proposed Animal Species Occurrences ................................................ 15 4.1.1. Discussion of Animal Species ...................................................................................... 15 4.1.1.1. Survey Results ...................................................................................................... 16 4.1.1.2. Critical Habitat ..................................................................................................... 17 4.1.1.3. Project Effects ...................................................................................................... 18 4.1.1.4. Avoidance and Minimization Efforts ................................................................... 20 4.1.1.5. Modifications to the Project to Mitigate Effects ................................................... 21 4.1.1.6. Cumulative Effects ............................................................................................... 22 Chapter 5. Conclusions and Determination ................................................................................ 24 5.1. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 24 5.2. Determination ....................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 6. References ................................................................................................................ 25 Appendix A Representative Elderberry Photographs Appendix B USFWS Species List Appendix C VELB Federal Register 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project BA BHLS-5163(025) 2011 ii List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1. Project Vicinity ...................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 2. Project Location ...................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. Project Features ...................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. BSA ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 5. Elderberry Locations Within BSA ........................................................................................ 19 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project BA BHLS-5163(025) 2011 iii List of Tables List of Tables Table 1: Listed Species Potentially Occurring in the Project Area. ....................................................... 9 Table 2: Elderberry shrub observations ................................................................................................ 16 Table 3: Impacted Elderberry Shrubs ................................................................................................... 20 Table 4: USFWS Elderberry Mitigation Ratios ................................................................................... 21 Table 5: Elderberry Project Mitigation ................................................................................................. 22 5th Street Bridge Replacement Project BA BHLS-5163(025) 2011 iv List of Abbreviated Terms List of Abbreviated Terms BA Biological Assessment BSA Biological Study Area Caltrans California Department of Transportation ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area FHWA Federal Highway Administration NES Natural Environment Study USFWS U.S. Fish and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids
    4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids Lawrence M. Hanks University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois Qiao Wang Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand CONTENTS 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 133 4.2 Phenology of Adults ..................................................................................................................... 134 4.3 Diet of Adults ............................................................................................................................... 138 4.4 Location of Host Plants and Mates .............................................................................................. 138 4.5 Recognition of Mates ................................................................................................................... 140 4.6 Copulation .................................................................................................................................... 141 4.7 Larval Host Plants, Oviposition Behavior, and Larval Development .......................................... 142 4.8 Mating Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 144 4.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 148 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • North American Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Genus Neoclytus Share a Common Hydroxyhexanone-Hexanediol Pheromone Structural Motif
    FOREST ENTOMOLOGY North American Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Genus Neoclytus Share a Common Hydroxyhexanone-Hexanediol Pheromone Structural Motif ANN M. RAY,1,2 JOCELYN G. MILLAR,3 JARDEL A. MOREIRA,3 J. STEVEN MCELFRESH,3 4,5 6 4 ROBERT F. MITCHELL, JAMES D. BARBOUR, AND LAWRENCE M. HANKS J. Econ. Entomol. 108(4): 1860–1868 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov170 ABSTRACT Many species of cerambycid beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae are known to use male-produced pheromones composed of one or a few components such as 3-hydroxyalkan-2-ones and the related 2,3-alkanediols. Here, we show that this pheromone structure is characteristic of the ceram- bycine genus Neoclytus Thomson, based on laboratory and field studies of 10 species and subspecies. Males of seven taxa produced pheromones composed of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a single compo- nent, and the synthetic pheromone attracted adults of both sexes in field bioassays, including the eastern North American taxa Neoclytus caprea (Say), Neoclytus mucronatus mucronatus (F.), and Neoclytus scu- tellaris (Olivier), and the western taxa Neoclytus conjunctus (LeConte), Neoclytus irroratus (LeConte), and Neoclytus modestus modestus Fall. Males of the eastern Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (F.) and the western Neoclytus tenuiscriptus Fall produced (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol as their dominant or sole pheromone component. Preliminary data also revealed that males of the western Neoclytus balteatus LeConte produced a blend of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol but also (2S,3S)- 2,3-octanediol as a minor component. The fact that the hydroxyketone-hexanediol structural motif is consistent among these North American species provides further evidence of the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures among species in the subfamily Cerambycinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of the Aggregation-Sex Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Phymatodes Pusillus Ssp
    Journal of Chemical Ecology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-1008-3 Identification of the Aggregation-sex Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Phymatodes pusillus ssp. pusillus and Evidence of a Synergistic Effect from a Heterospecific Pheromone Component Mikael A. Molander1 & Mattias C. Larsson1 Received: 29 June 2018 /Revised: 8 August 2018 /Accepted: 13 August 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The longhorn beetle Phymatodes (Poecilium) pusillus ssp. pusillus is a rare, elusive species that is included on Red Lists of threatened species. Previously, 1-hexanol and 1-butanol were reported as putative components of the aggregation-sex pheromone of this species, but behavioral assays to confirm this have not been performed. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive examination of P. p. pusillus to verify the presence of a pheromone. Adult beetles were reared from colonized wood and used for headspace sampling. Analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that two compounds were present in large quantities in the extracts of males, but absent in extracts from females. Male and female antennae showed repeatable responses to the two compounds in electrophysiological recordings. Using synthetic standards, we were able to identify the compounds as 1- hexanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol. A field bioassay demonstrated that the two compounds were unattractive when applied singly, but elicited significant attraction of female and male beetles when applied in blends of different ratios. We also found that the species exhibited significant attraction to a blend of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2-methyl-1-butanol, which is the aggregation-sex pheromone of at least two closely related and sympatric species.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Cerambycidae of the World Biology and Pest
    CERAMBYCIDAE OF THE WORLD BIOLOGY AND PEST MANAGEMENT 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Qiao Wang | 9781482219906 | | | | | Cerambycidae of the World Biology and Pest Management 1st edition PDF Book Tetrahedron Lett. Wilson J Ornith — However, to date there are no studies about competition between these two species in areas where both are found. Acknowledgements We thank C. Other titles from AAP. Curculionidae et autres xylophages du Pin maritime. Laboratory rearing and handling of cerambycids. To date, given the attraction to both the 4-component and 2-component blends, we have not synthesized and field tested the 2 R ,4 R - and 2 R ,4 S -stereoisomers, for example, to test whether the two naturally produced stereoisomers act additively or synergistically. ND: Data were not obtained. The effects of body size on mating and reproduction in Brachinus lateralis Coleoptera: Carabidae. Ground Beetles. Search Article Search Search. To maximize the possibility of eradicating exotic pests, it is critical that pheromones or other attractants be identified and deployed by regulatory agencies as soon as possible after the initial discovery of an incipient infestation Chemoecology 23 , 21—44 Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Traps were suspended from 1. In addition, no other cerambycid species were significantly attracted to trichoferone at any of our field sites. Ray, A. Synthesis of 2-hydroxymethylphenylhexanone 2 as a mixture of 4 stereoisomers Sec -BuLi 1. Aerations were performed over four nights between 18—22 December from to the next morning. Aronoff, M. Naturwissenschaften 93 , — Kolk A, Starzyk JR. Reprints and Permissions. Forest Research, Rotorua, New Zealand. Woodboring beetles in the family Cerambycidae present special challenges for regulatory personnel because the immature life stages feed inside dry wooden containers, pallets, and dunnage, and may escape detection 1 , complicating efforts to prevent introduction, establishment, and spread of exotic woodborers 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle
    Endangered SpecU.S. Environmental iesFacts Protection Agency Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Description and Ecology Status Threatened, listed August 8, 1980. Zone and the American River Parkway Zone) along and close to the American River in Sacramento. Over the past 25 years Critical Habitat Designated August 8, 1980. the loss of riparian habitat has slowed, and in the middle and Appearance The adult valley elderberry longhorn beetle northern Valley 50,000 acres of existing riparian habitat have Male valley elderberry longhorn beet le courtes y of T. S. Talley has an elongated shield-shaped body, 1/2 to 1 inch long when been protected. In addition, 5,000 acres of riparian habitat measured from the top of the head to the tail. Its dark and have been restored specifically for the valley elderberry long- knobby antennae are nearly as long as its body. The anten- horn beetle. The slowdown in habitat loss, the protection and The valley elderberry longhorn nae of males are longer than those of females, but the bodies restoration of riverine habitat, and the increase in valley el- of females are larger, 3/4 to 1 inch in length. Both have dark beetle is a threatened species. derberry longhorn beetle occurrences, together have been the heads and legs. The outer wings, or elytra, of females are a major reasons for the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)having Threatened species are plants dark, nearly metallic green in contrast with a bright red edge. considered delisting this species (Valley Elderberry Longhorn and animals whose population Male elytra are bright red accented with four oblong dark Beetle 5-year Review, September 26, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Withdrawal
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS–R8–ES–2011–0063] [FXES11130900000C2-123-FF09E32000] RIN 1018–AV29 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Withdrawal of the Proposed Rule To Remove the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Proposed rule; withdrawal. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), withdraw the proposed rule to remove the valley elderberry longhorn beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the 1 Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended. This withdrawal is based on our determination that the proposed rule did not fully analyze the best available information. We find the best scientific and commercial data available indicate that the threats to the species and its habitat have not been reduced to the point where the species no longer meets the statutory definition of an endangered or threatened species. DATES: The Service is withdrawing the proposed rule published October 2, 2012 (77 FR 60238) as of [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: The withdrawal of our proposed rule, comments and materials we received, and supplementary documents are available on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS–R8–ES–2011–0063. All comments, materials, and supporting documentation that we considered in this final agency action are available by appointment, during normal business hours, at: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W–2605, Sacramento, California 95825; telephone 916–414–6600; or facsimile 916–414–6713.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control ASSESSING HOST RANGES FOR PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS USED FOR CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: A GUIDE TO BEST PRACTICE R. G. Van Driesche and R. Reardon, Editors Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2004-03 Department of Service September 2004 Agriculture __________________________________ ASSESSING HOST RANGES OF PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION PREDICTING HOST RANGES OF PARASITOIDS AND PREDACIOUS INSECTS—WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? R. G. Van Driesche Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science: Division of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA [email protected] GOALS FOR HOST RANGE TESTING Estimating the likely nontarget impacts of agents released to suppress invasive plants has been legally required, to one degree or another, for many decades. Similar predictions were not formally required for introductions of parasitoids or predators of pest arthropods. That is now beginning to change. This book has as its goal an exploration of how such estimates can best be made. This requires overcoming a series of problems, some logistical, some technical, some tied to an unclear theoretical framework for the activity. In this book, the editors and authors have tried to address many of these needs, in some chapters as essays on important tasks that need to be achieved, in other chapters as case history explorations of how the tasks were done in particular cases. This book will not be the final answer, but we hope it might propel the search for such an answer along. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Whether or not predicting the host ranges of parasitoids and predators is legally required varies among countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Desmocerus Californicus Dimorphus)
    Assistance with the 5-Year Review of the Valley elderberry longhorn beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) Prepared by: Theresa Sinicrope Talley David Wright Marcel Holyoak For: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sacramento Office Sacramento, California 1 Assistance with the 5-YEAR REVIEW Species reviewed: valley elderberry longhorn beetle (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Heading Page 1 General information 3 2 The Assistance Report 4 2.1 Updated biological information 4 2.1.1 Taxonomy and distribution 4 2.1.2 Biology and Ecology 7 2.1.3 Habitat status 20 2.1.4 Summary and Conclusions 25 2.2 Identification of threats 26 2.2.1 Present or threatened destruction, modification or curtailment of VELB habitat or range 26 2.2.2 Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific or educational purposes 32 2.2.3 Disease or predation 32 2.2.4 Inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms 35 2.2.5 Other natural or human made factors affecting VELB’s continued existence 37 2.3 Summary of conservation efforts 43 2.3.1 Habitat protection and restoration 43 2.3.2 Invasive species control 49 2.3.3 Safe harbor agreements 50 2.3.4 HCP activities 50 2.3.5 Conservation Banks 53 2.3.6 In-lieu fund 53 2.3.7 Implementation of section 7 conservation recommendations 53 2.3.8 Mitigation lessons 54 2.4 Thoroughness of recovery criteria 56 2.4.1 The goal of recovery plans 56 2.4.2 Progress in attaining recovery objectives 57 2.4.3 Development of recovery criteria 57 2.5 Information about three delisting factors 58 2.5.1 Does the VELB appear to be extinct? 58 2.5.2 Have any or all of the VELB recovery criteria been met? 58 2.5.3 Were there errors in the original data supporting the listing decision or the interpretation of those data? 60 2.6 Summary 61 3 Bibliography 62 2 ASSISTANCE WITH THE 5-YEAR REVIEW valley elderberry longhorn beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Chemical Ecology of Cerambycids
    5 Chemical Ecology of Cerambycids Jocelyn G. Millar University of California Riverside, California Lawrence M. Hanks University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 161 5.2 Use of Pheromones in Cerambycid Reproduction ....................................................................... 162 5.3 Volatile Pheromones from the Various Subfamilies .................................................................... 173 5.3.1 Subfamily Cerambycinae ................................................................................................ 173 5.3.2 Subfamily Lamiinae ........................................................................................................ 176 5.3.3 Subfamily Spondylidinae ................................................................................................ 178 5.3.4 Subfamily Prioninae ........................................................................................................ 178 5.3.5 Subfamily Lepturinae ...................................................................................................... 179 5.4 Contact Pheromones ..................................................................................................................... 179 5.5 Trail Pheromones ......................................................................................................................... 182 5.6 Mechanisms for
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Conservation
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY, MECHANISMS OF DECLINE, AND CLIMATE RELATIONSHIPS OF CALIFORNIA WILDLIFE A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Joseph A. E. Stewart September 2018 The Dissertation of Joseph A. E. Stewart is approved: Professor A. Marm Kilpatrick Professor Barry Sinervo Professor Kristy Kroeker Professor M. Tim Tinker Dr. David Wright Dr. James Thorne Lori Kletzer Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of Contents Table of Contents iii List of Figures iv List of Tables ix Abstract xii Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 — Revisiting the past to foretell the future: summer temperature 7 and habitat area predict pika extirpations in California Chapter 2 — Apparent climate-mediated loss and fragmentation of core 50 habitat of the American pika in the Northern Sierra Nevada, California Chapter 3 — A climate change vulnerability assessment for twenty 88 California mammal taxa Chapter 4 — Habitat restoration opportunities, climatic niche contraction, 216 and conservation biogeography in California's San Joaquin Desert iii List of Figures 1.1 Location and occupancy status of 67 historical pika sites in California. 16 1.2 Pika occupancy as a function of the best predictor variables. 24 1.3 Map of predicted pika occupancy status under 6 climate scenarios for 2070. 26 1.S1 Illustration of the method used set historical site centroid locations. 40 1.S2 Historical photo retake from ‘4 miles southwest of McDonald Peak’, Lassen Co., CA. 42 1.S2 Historical photo retake from Emerald Lake, Lassen Co., CA.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Elderberries: a PRODUCTION MANUAL and ENTERPRISE VIABILITY GUIDE for VERMONT and the NORTHEAST
    Growing Elderberries: A PRODUCTION MANUAL AND ENTERPRISE VIABILITY GUIDE FOR VERMONT AND THE NORTHEAST i Cover photos: Tori Lee Jackson, University of Maine Extension GROWING ELDERBERRIES: A PRODUCTION MANUAL AND ENTERPRISE VIABILITY GUIDE FOR VERMONT AND THE NORTHEAST Funding for UVM Extension’s Elderberry Project was provided in part by grants from the Working Lands Enterprise Initiative (http://workinglands.vermont.gov/), and with a Rural Business Enterprise Grant from USDA Rural Development through the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board and the Northern Border Regional Commission and Northern Community Investment Corporation. Market and Enterprise Analyst Mary Sisock, Ph.D. and Principal Author Assistant Professor – Rose Wilson Extension Forestry Rosalie J Wilson Business Rubenstein School of Development Services Environment and Natural Resources Editor and Project Coordinator University of Vermont Ginger Nickerson, Ph.D. Produce Safety Program Tori Lee Jackson, M.S. Coordinator Extension Educator and UVM Extension Center for Associate Professor of Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture and Natural Resources Farmer and Processor Advisers University of Maine and Contributing Authors Cooperative Extension David Fried Special thanks to: Patrick Byers of University of Missouri Extension for the use of photographs and Elmore Roots Fruit Tree and David T. Handley, Ph.D. previously published materials; Michelle Graziosi Berry Nursery Vegetable and Small Fruit and Elizabeth Brownlee for the use of information on Elmore, Vt. Specialist Multifunctional Riparian Buffers; Ben Waterman for photographs and review of selected sections; Cathy University of Maine Yandow and Cheryl Herrick for editorial assistance; John Hayden Cooperative Extension Tamara Smith for graphic design; and Tori Lee The Farm Between Jackson, Abbie Sewall, John Hayden, David Fried, Todd Hardie, Guido Mase and Jennifer Brown for the use of Jeffersonville, Vt.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of a Male-Produced Aggregation-Sex
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Isolation and identifcation of a male-produced aggregation- sex pheromone for the velvet Received: 14 November 2018 Accepted: 27 February 2019 longhorned beetle, Trichoferus Published: xx xx xxxx campestris Ann M. Ray 1, Joseph A. Francese2, Yunfan Zou3, Kristopher Watson4, Damon J. Crook2 & Jocelyn G. Millar3 The velvet longhorned beetle, Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (“VLB”; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is native to eastern Asia where it infests and damages a wide range of deciduous and coniferous tree species, including orchard and timber species. Immature stages of VLB are transported to new countries via international commerce, and populations have established outside the native range of the species. Here, we show that identifcation of pheromones of invasive pest species can be expedited by knowledge of the semiochemistry of related taxa. Histological sectioning revealed subcuticular, male- specifc prothoracic glands connected to pits in the cuticle, which, in related species, are diagnostic for production of male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones, usually characterized by 2,3-alkanediol/ hydroxyketone structural motifs. However, in preliminary feld bioassays, beetles were not attracted by any known cerambycid pheromones. Subsequently, we identifed a novel variant of the hydroxyketone motif (“trichoferone”) from headspace volatiles of males. In feld bioassays, synthetic trichoferone was more attractive to both sexes of VLB than previously developed high-release-rate ethanol lures, and attraction was strongly female biased. This study demonstrated the utility of the prothoracic gland trait for predicting pheromone use in cerambycid species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, and that identifcation of pheromones of novel species can be expedited by knowledge of pheromones of related species.
    [Show full text]