Variation of Enamel Microstructure in Vertical Hunter-Schreger Bands
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Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina Juan D. Carrillo and Robert J. Asher ABSTRACT We describe one of the oldest notoungulate skeletons with associated cranioden- tal and postcranial elements: Thomashuxleya externa (Isotemnidae) from Cañadón Vaca in Patagonia, Argentina (Vacan subage of the Casamayoran SALMA, middle Eocene). We provide body mass estimates given by different elements of the skeleton, describe the bone histology, and study its phylogenetic position. We note differences in the scapulae, humerii, ulnae, and radii of the new specimen in comparison with other specimens previously referred to this taxon. We estimate a body mass of 84 ± 24.2 kg, showing that notoungulates had acquired a large body mass by the middle Eocene. Bone histology shows that the new specimen was skeletally mature. The new material supports the placement of Thomashuxleya as an early, divergent member of Toxodon- tia. Among placentals, our phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA, collagen, and morphology matrix favor only a limited number of possible phylogenetic relationships, but cannot yet arbitrate between potential affinities with Afrotheria or Laurasiatheria. With no constraint, maximum parsimony supports Thomashuxleya and Carodnia with Afrotheria. With Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic (including Macrauchenia and Toxodon known for collagens), these clades are reconstructed on the stem -
Hoja Cachi.P65
Cachi 1 RESUMEN Pucará y Altos del Cajón de edad ordovícica repre- sentan el magmatismo paleozoico en la Cordillera La Hoja Geológica 2566-III, CACHI, está ubi- Oriental. cada en las provincias de Salta y Catamarca, en el Las sedimentitas cretácico-paleógenas del Gru- noroeste de Argentina. Esta cubre parte de dos pro- po Salta afloran en la Cordillera Oriental. Esta uni- vincias geológicas: la Puna en el oeste, la cual ocupa dad está integrada por los depósitos de sinrift del aproximadamente el 70% de la superficie de la Hoja, Subgrupo Pirgua, constituido por conglomerados y y la Cordillera Oriental o Subprovincia de las Cum- areniscas rojas, y las secuencias de postrift de los bres Calchaquíes, en el este. Subgrupos Balbuena y Santa Bárbara, integradas por Los pueblos de Payogasta, Cachi, Seclantas, Mo- areniscas, areniscas carbonáticas, pelitas y ocasio- linos y Angastaco constituyen las principales con- nales calizas correspondientes a las Formaciones centraciones urbanas en la parte oriental y las minas Lecho, Yacoraite, Mealla, Maíz Gordo y Lumbrera. Tincalayu y Fénix son los centros de desarrollo más El Paleógeno de la Puna está representado por importantes de la región puneña. Las principales ac- la Formación Geste, compuesta por conglomerados tividades económicas del sector oriental de la Hoja y areniscas, cuya fauna registra condiciones de cli- son la ganadería, agricultura y turismo, mientras que ma subtropical. La actividad del arco magmático en el sector occidental es la minería. andino y el acortamiento tectónico controlaron la Las provincias geológicas tienen una diferente naturaleza de las unidades neógenas en la Puna. Las expresión morfológica. -
The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates
Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to paleobiology • number 101 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates Juan D. Carrillo, Eli Amson, Carlos Jaramillo, Rodolfo Sánchez, Luis Quiroz, Carlos Cuartas, Aldo F. Rincón, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years in thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (SISP) publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on research and collections of the Institution’s museums and research centers. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via exchange mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and evaluation by SISP’s Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (available at https://scholarlypress.si.edu). -
To Link and Cite This Article: Doi
Submitted: October 1st, 2019 – Accepted: June 8th, 2020 – Published online: June 11th, 2020 To link and cite this article: doi: https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2020.3306 1 COTYLAR FOSSA, ITS INTERPRETATION AND FUNCTIONALITY. 2 THE CASE FROM SOUTH AMERICAN NATIVE UNGULATES 3 4 MALENA LORENTE1,2, 3 5 1 División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n B1900FWA, La 6 Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected]; 2 CONICET; 3 Facultad de Ciencias 7 Naturales y Museo 8 9 Number of pages: 21, 7 figures 10 Proposed header: LORENTE, COTYLAR FOSSA 1 11 12 Abstract. The cotylar fossa is a complex anatomical character in the astragalar medial malleolar 13 facet. It represents a dynamic relationship between the astragalus and the tibia in the upper tarsal 14 joint. The astragalus must accommodate the medial tibial malleolus when the tibia is in an extreme 15 flexion. It is one of the three morphological synapomorphies considered for Afrotheria, although it 16 is also a recurrent trait among different groups of mammals. Here, fossil South American Native 17 Ungulates and extant mammals were surveyed to reevaluate how much this character is spread and 18 how variable it is. Beyond afrotherians, it is observed that it also appears in primates, macropodid 19 marsupials, laurasiatherian archaic ungulates, perissodactyls, pantodonts, and dinoceratans; it is also 20 in some but not all of the extinct endemic ungulates from South America. No function has been 21 suggested before for the presence of a cotylar fossa. The cotylar fossa could be an adaptation to a 22 passive, rest related posture. -
IJOMS Vol 18-4 7.Indd
IJOMS Vol 18-3_4 IJOMS Vol 18-3_4 164 Int J Oral-Med Sci 18(3)( 4):164–171, 2020 Original Article Undulating Vertical Prism Decussation of Pyrotherium(Pyrotheria, Mammalia)Mo- lar Tomohiko Hirayama1, 2, 3 and Kunihiro Suzuki3 Department of 1Histology and 2Liberal Arts(Biology), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271–8587, Japan 3Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271–8587, Japan Article History Abstract Received 9 August 2019 Most mammalian teeth are covered in enamel and its external tooth shape is deter- Accepted 25 September 2019 mined by the phylogenic background and the mode of mastication and occlusion. Char- acteristic microstructure also exists in the internal structure of enamel, and the charac- teristics of enamel prism and Hunter-Schreger bands(HSB)are well studied. Pyrotherium(Pyroteria)is an extinct Tertiary period mammal of South America, with unknown ecology and phylogeny. In previous study, we observed a dendritic streak with a thick, wavy trunk extending in the direction of the tooth axis. This is classified as a vertical HSB with some similarity to rhinoceros molar. We demonstrate a complex Keywords: structure of the vertical HSB of Pyrotherium molar by using three-dimensional imag- enamel prism, ing of prisms based on serial SEM images. And also, we report the shape of the enamel Hunter-Schreger bands, prisms of Pyrotherium molar is keyhole-shaped with a head and tail, which is a pre- Pyrotherium, dominantly found in humans and other animals, but in some parts it is similar to the 3D reconstruction ginkgo-shape found in proboscideans. -
A New Pre-Deseadan Pyrothere (Mammalia) from Northern Peru and the Wear Facets of Molariform Teeth of Pyrotheria
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(3):760–769, September 2006 © 2006 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology A NEW PRE-DESEADAN PYROTHERE (MAMMALIA) FROM NORTHERN PERU AND THE WEAR FACETS OF MOLARIFORM TEETH OF PYROTHERIA RODOLFO SALAS1, JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ2, and CÉSAR CHACALTANA2 1Museo de Historia Natural-UNMSM, Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Perú, [email protected]; 2INGEMMET, Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico, Avenida Canadá 1470, San Borja, Lima 41, Perú ABSTRACT—Baguatherium jaureguii gen. et sp. nov. from the early Oligocene of northern Peru is the best known pre-Deseadan pyrothere. It has a relatively wider palate and less oblique lophs on the molariform teeth than Pyrotherium macfaddeni and Pyrotherium romeroi. A conspicuous lingual crest connects the anterior and posterior lophs of molari- form teeth. Nares are retracted. Phylogenetic analysis places Baguatherium with Gryphodon and Pyrotherium in an unresolved polytomy. In Proticia and Colombitherium the wear facets of the molariform teeth indicate a mainly grinding masticatory apparatus. In Pyrotherium, Baguatherium, Gryphodon, and to a lesser degree, Propyrotherium, the oblique wear facets generate a cutting surface caused by a greater antero-posterior component to dorsoventral mastication. The cingulae function like stops or buttresses. Considering its brachydont condition, this specialization and the increase in the molariform surface in Baguatherium and Pyrotherium may have improved masticatory efficiency in response to the expansion of open environments during the Oligocene. INTRODUCTION terpretations of masticatory functional anatomy of pyrotheres based upon dental macrowear are also provided. Pyrotheria are one of the most enigmatic and least studied Institutional Abbreviations—AMNH, American Museum of orders of South American Cenozoic mammals due to the scarcity Natural History, New York, New York; MACN, Museo Ar- of known remains. -
The Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Monito Del Monte (Dromiciops Gliroides) and Its Relatives
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2013 The Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Monito del Monte (Dromiciops Gliroides) and its Relatives Ariel Berthel University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Berthel, Ariel, "The Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Monito del Monte (Dromiciops Gliroides) and its Relatives" (2013). Honors College. 117. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/117 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MONITO DEL MONTE (DROMICIOPS GLIROIDES) AND ITS RELATIVES by Ariel Berthel A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Zoology) The Honors College University of Maine May 2013 Advisory Committee: Irving L. Kornfield, Professor of Biology and Molecular Forensics William E. Glanz, Associate Professor of Zoology Seth Tyler, Professor of Zoology Edith Pratt Elwood, Honors College, faculty Karen A. Linehan, Department of Art, faculty Abstract Marsupials are a group of mammals that give birth to young that are not fully developed. These offspring must complete the remainder of their development outside of the womb attached to their mother’s teat. Marsupials only occur in South America and Australasia, with one species extending into North America. The marsupial known as the monito del monte, which is Spanish for ‘little monkey of the mountain,’ (Dromiciops gliroides) is a South American marsupial; however, it shares a key morphological feature of ankle bone morphology with Australasian marsupials. -
SUPPLEMENTARY ONLINE MATERIAL for New Palaeogene
http://app.pan.pl/SOM/app66-Fernandez_etal_SOM.pdf SUPPLEMENTARY ONLINE MATERIAL FOR New Palaeogene South American Native Ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Salta Province (Argentina) Mercedes Fernández, Ana N. Zimicz, Mariano Bond, Laura Chornogubsky, Michelle Arnal, Magalí Cárdenas, and Juan C. Fernicola Published in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2021 66 (1): 85-97. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00784.2020 Supplementary Online Material SOM 1. Geological setting. SOM 2. Localities and stratigraphy of the studied area. SOM 3. Eocene chronostratigraphic chart of Northwestern Argentina. SOM 4. Stratigraphic and chronological distribution of the South American Native Ungulates recognized in the Palaeogene of Northwestern Argentina. SOM 5. Hypothetical model of the distribution of brachydont and hypsodont taxa along the topographical gradient through the early to late Eocene. SOM 6. Discussion of the Northwestern faunas along the topographical gradient. SOM 7. Hypsodonty categorization of the genera identified in the lithostratigraphic unit discussed in the main text. SOM 1. Geological Setting. Los Cardones National Park is located in the Calchaquí Valleys, Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina (see SOM 2B). The fossil specimens studied here were collected from the lower levels of the Quebrada de Los Colorados Fm. (middle Eocene; Casamayoran SALMA) exposed along the Camino de los Colorados road, mostly at the Quebrada Grande locality. In this locality, the stratigraphic relationships of the Quebrada de Los Colorados Fm. are, at the base, with the Lumbrera Fm. (lower section), and, at the top, with the Angastaco Fm. (Del Papa et al. 2013a). The Quebrada de Los Colorados Fm. -
New Observations and Reinterpretation on The
[Palaeontology, Vol. 53, Part 2, 2010, pp. 319–325] NEW OBSERVATIONS AND REINTERPRETATION ON THE ENIGMATIC TAXON COLOMBITHERIUM (?PYROTHERIA, MAMMALIA) FROM COLOMBIA by GUILLAUME BILLET*, MAE¨ VA ORLIAC , PIERRE-OLIVIER ANTOINEà,§,– and CARLOS JARAMILLO** *IPHEP, CNRS UMR 6046, Faculte´ des Sciences Fondamentales et Applique´es, Universite´ de Poitiers, 40, avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 POITIERS Cedex, France; e-mail [email protected] Institut des Sciences de L’Evolution, CNRS UMR 5554, Universite´ de Montpellier II – C.C. 064, Place Euge`ne Bataillon, F-34095 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5, France; e-mail [email protected] àUniversite´ de Toulouse; UPS (SVT-OMP); LMTG; 14 Avenue E´ douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France §CNRS; LMTG; F-31400 Toulouse, France –IRD; LMTG; F-31400 Toulouse, France; e-mail [email protected] **Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama; e-mail [email protected] Typescript received 21 April 2009; accepted in revised form 5 June 2009 Abstract: The controversial taxon Colombitherium toli- Colombitherium and other pyrotherians (except Proticia) mense (Mammalia) (probably Late Eocene in age) from and challenges further its referral to Pyrotheria. The pecu- Colombia, although known for nearly 40 years, still bears liar morphology of Colombitherium relative to other pyro- much mystery. Aside from the problematic ordinal attribu- therians is indeed striking. In fact, Colombitherium has tion of the holotype and only specimen, its determination nothing in common with pyrotherians but bilophodont as an upper or lower jaw remains a highly debated issue. cheek teeth, a feature largely widespread in placental mam- New observations include the presence of a contact facet mals. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Mammalian Biology 76 (2011) 101–108 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Mammalian Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/mambio Original Investigation Afrotherian affinities for endemic South American “ungulates” Federico L. Agnolin a,b, Nicolás R. Chimento c,∗ a Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina b Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología, CEBBAD – Universidad Maimónides, Valentín Virasoro 732 (C1405BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina c División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n (B1900FWA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina article info abstract Article history: The phylogenetic relationships of endemic South American ungulates are a highly debated topic. Among Received 25 November 2010 them, the most well-known clades are the Notoungulata and the Astrapotheria. Three unambiguous Accepted 3 December 2010 hard-tissue features characteristic of afrotherian mammals potentially indicate a relationship with the two South American clades: delayed cheek-tooth replacement, more than 19 thoracolumbar vertebrae, Keywords: and the presence of a well defined astragalar cotylar fossa. -
Structural Variation of the Masseter Muscle in Typothe- Ria (Mammalia, Notoungulata) Luis Marcelo SOSA1 and Daniel Alfredo GARCÍA LÓPEZ2
Serie Correlación Geológica - 34 (1): 53 - 70 Tucumán, 2018 - ISSN 1514-4186 - ISSN on-line 1666-9479 Structural variation of the masseter muscle in Typothe- ria (Mammalia, Notoungulata) Luis Marcelo SOSA1 and Daniel Alfredo GARCÍA LÓPEZ2 Resumen: VARIACIÓN ESTRUCTURAL DEL MÚSCULO MASETERO EN TYPOTHERIA (MAMMALIA, NOTOUNGULATA). La gran diversidad morfológica del orden Notoungulata se expresa en rasgos notorios, como el tamaño corporal, incluyéndose aquí desde animales del porte de un pequeño roedor (e.g., Punapithecus) hasta formas de más de una tonelada (e.g., Trigodon). Se conocen ade- más, diferentes casos de convergencia con otros placentarios, reconociéndose formas rodentiformes y otras similares a lagomorfos, perisodáctilos y artiodáctilos. Esta notable diversidad se expresa también en rasgos específicos, como la región auditiva y el aparato masticatorio. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis sobre la evolución estructural de la zona de origen del músculo masetero enfocada en el subor- den Typotheria. Se seleccionó una muestra de 12 representantes de ese grupo más dos representan- tes de notoungulados tempranamente divergentes (Henricosborniidae y Notostylopidae). La muestra abarca un lapso de más de 43 Ma (Eoceno–Pleistoceno). Se establecieron tres condiciones principales relacionadas con el origen del masetero que muestran cierto ordenamiento temporal y filogenético. La Condición 0 (e.g., Colbertia, Oldfieldthomasia) se caracteriza por el origen puntual y restringido del masetero superficial y por una zona limitada para el masetero profundo, encontrándose exclusivamen- te en formas eocenas y siendo comparable al plan generalizado presente en ciertos marsupiales (e.g., Didelphis). La Condición 1 (e.g., Notopithecus, Protypotherium) presenta un masetero profundo de desarrollo limitado y un masetero superficial asociado a un proceso descendente conspicuo, mostrando simili- tudes con Lagomorpha (e.g., Oryctolagus). -
UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Two New Oligocene “Notohippids” (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Toxodontia) from the Central Chilean Andes: Taxonomy and Phylogenetics A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Earth Science by John Christian Munson Committee in charge: Professor André Wyss, Chair Professor Susannah Porter Professor Bruce Tiffney March 2019 The thesis of John Christian Munson is approved. _____________________________________________ Susannah Porter _____________________________________________ Bruce Tiffney _____________________________________________ André Wyss, Committee Chair December 2018 Two New Oligocene “Notohippids” (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Toxodontia) from the Central Chilean Andes: Taxonomy and Phylogenetics Copyright © 2018 by John Christian Munson iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extraordinarily grateful for the academic and personal guidance I received while at UC Santa Barbara. This project would not be possible or completed without the seemingly endless knowledge of my primary advisor, Dr. André Wyss. My work benefitted from advice on writing style, content, and proper figure display by Dr. Wyss, Dr. Susannah Porter, Dr. Bruce Tiffney, Andrew McGrath, Chris Everett, Tina Woltz, Dr. Dan Luna, Dr. John Moore, and Dr. Heda Agić. I credit my enthusiasm for teaching to having served as a teaching assistant for Dr. Luna, Dr. Wyss, Dr. Porter, and Dr. Tiffney. They conducted the most engaging lectures and labs I have been part of. Finally, thank you to my friends and family for their continued support and interest in my research. iv ABSTRACT Two New Oligocene “Notohippids” (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Toxodontia) from the Central Chilean Andes: Taxonomy and Phylogenetics by John Christian Munson Two new Oligocene “notohippids” from the Abanico Formation, a geographically widespread volcanic and volcaniclastic lithostratigraphic unit in the Andean Main Range of central Chile, are described and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.