The Design
December 2015 - Fiona Morris – Atelier Rabbit - [email protected] Contents:
1. Title Page 14. Designing – 4 Site Functions 28. Green Infrastructure 29. Reserves for Beneficial Plants 2. Contents 15. The Design 30. Boundary Planting 3. Site Location 16. Access 31. Division Planting 4. The Brief 17. The Field – design plan 32. Livestock Hedge 5. Design Context - overview 18. Cross-sections of The Field 33. Woodland Edge 6. 19. 1.Ecological Connections Project Space - plan 34. Willow Wetland
7. 2.Campus Community’s Vision – 20. Incremental Colonisation 35. Pond & seating Project EAT 21. Apples & Worms 36. Wildlife Connections 8. 3.Compensation Planting 22. The Mush Room 37. People Connections 9. 4.Kennisveld – MTD 38. Low-Input/Carbon-Neutral 23. Water & Power 10. 5.Public/Private - Planning Rules Options 24. Amenity Space 11. Soil Challenge 25. Amenity Building 12. Water Challenge 26. Community Build Options… 13. Social Challenge 27. Sheep Shelter/Woodland Workshop Site Location:
FORUM
3 The Brief:
An area suitable for 'inhabitants of Wageningen Campus' to realize temporary, ground bound projects for a.o. demonstration, information and training in relation to the knowledge fields of Wageningen UR.
4 Design Context:
From open fields to knowledge fields.....
Elike Wijnheijmer
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Many existing plans and requirements to take into account 5 1. Ecological Connections - WUR 2010-13
The area is conceptually meant to connect the park in the south with the small wood in the north – how best to do this? 6 2. Campus Community’s Vision – Project EAT
Interactive Educational Social Human-scale Colourful Abundant...
BUT this design was for the centre of campus, not the edge.
7 3. Compensation Planting – Provincie Gelderland/ WMO
Plants disturbed by the new bus-lane would be compensated by new planting. How to integrate a new design with this? 8 4. Kennisveld – Facilitair Bedrijf, MTD Landschapsarchitecten 2015
Development in cooperation with key figures of Project EAT (Eetbare Academische Tuin) and its network of staff and students. Design: Space for experimentation, demonstration, information, education
9 5. Public/Private – Planning rules
“
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p.18
Public Land: open access 06:00-24:00 if users keep to the general rules; 24:00-06:00 passing through only. Organised activity allowed on approval by the Campus Manager. 10 Soil Challenge:
Majority is added unstructured subsoil for 1-2m depth
Soil height actively changing (settling) during designing
Subsurface compaction due to previous use of site for soil heaps and machinery
Standing water
No worms seen
Average amount of Nitrogen is 0.08%
Average amount of Phosphorus 0.04%
Average amount of organic matter 2,53% (Recommended 5%)
pH 7.19 - 7.25
Soil testing & picture bottom right by Students FSE-50306 2015: Dienke Stomph Kristýna Kohoutková Miguel Ruiz Marchini Margaux Villebrun Veronica Reynoso Mingue Marner 11 Water Challenge: Wettest areas: 1. (HISTORIC) Area where seepage water rises and stands for many days.
1. 2. (NEW & SHORT-TERM ISSUE) Standing water unable to penetrate unstructured, raised soil and leaving the site at its edges creating erosion.
2.
12 Social Challenge:
New bus-stop (change of use)
A high volume ‘walk through’ path would be major infrastructure, expensive, restricting activity types & wildlife habitat function.
Encouraging access behind VITAE conflicts with safety: liquid nitrogen storage tanks and regular lorry traffic.
Enlarging of the woodland Dassenbos (least disturbed area on campus)
Near to but no connection with the VITAE building
Public and highly overlooked by student-flat Dijkgraaf, local houses, passing buses & cyclists
Continued use as an unofficial dog park would restrict food growing options, landscape maintenance by sheep etc. DESIGNING - 4 Site Functions:
1. Restore the quality of the land
Primarily soil-water functions, plus habitat for as wide a range of native flora and fauna as possible 2. Accommodate and support ground-bound initiatives In a flexible framework enabling a broad range of project activities: - good access - healthy soil - natural pest control - Protection from the elements/stray dogs etc. - Space for education - Social facilities - Potential for carbon neutral maintenance 3. Create ecological connections
Create appropriate links between the Blauwe Bergen and the Dassenbos 4. Encourage community interaction
Activities and educational opportunities for, by, and between: campus users, campus partners, and Wageningen inhabitants. 14 The DESIGN…
15 Access:
1.
2.
16 The Field Livestock Hedge Alder/willow Ditch (‘Elzensingel’) Willow Wageningen Campus Wetland
Dead-hedge
Project Space Dividing Vermicomposting Hedges
Pond CGN Single-storey building with covered Orchard Project porch, meeting room, basic kitchen, Gardens & compost toilet
Project Space Pollarded Willows
Storage Outdoor Practicum/Workshop Sheep Shelter Project Space
Sheep Enclosure/ Boundary Event space Planting
Woodland-edge Habitat Planting
Drainage Perennial Ditch Wildflowers
17 Cross-sections of The Field Site:
Hedge + shrubs Project area not in make mammal Boundary use becomes corridor planting wildflower meadow Amenities & social area & willows Project worm- Wildflower Orchard Division Project area in use edging garden compost hedges beds Café Bus & bike lanes waste
A A
Woodland edge planting for bird habitat Willow wetland for Historic Building with porch and basic meeting natural willow/ Sheep shelter/ Boundary facilities seepage alder ditch Project workshop space & willows Sheep water storage for planting beds equipment storage drainage Project area between paddock/ pathways & wildflowers event area Bus & bike lanes 18
B B Project Space = 0.5 Ha
19 Incremental Colonisation:
1. 1. Smaller, more intensive projects get space nearer to the site facilities. 2. 2. Larger-scale or less intensively managed projects.
3. If there are few projects, this section 3. can be fully managed as as a flowering meadow.
20 Apples & Worms Living Bins
Large bins with small holes around the sides sunken into the ground and seeded with manure and mainly epigeic worms provide a soil-building organic waste disposal system for projects.
Café Composting
Green Office at Wageningen University wish to promote http://www.nwf.org recycling of food waste on campus via worm farms. CGN Orchard
80+ apple varieties on show, with public fruit-picking, and education and demonstration activities.
21 Scott Bauer, USDA Marathon The Mush Room!
www.geograph.org.uk
http://www.mcnamarafencing.ie/ agri-animal/superknot-sheep- livestock-fence/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
Student design groups from FSE (2015 & 2016) have proposed mushroom growing projects for this north-facing, shaded area
Gives multi-purpose to ditch-management access area
Can be fenced off from dogs/sheep/people for food production, which also increases the wildlife benefit of this area by minimising human disturbance
On-site coppicing of Corylus, Alnus, and pollarding of Salix spp. provide the material. When students are not involved this material and other woody waste can be stacked and allowed to degrade naturally through local, non-edible fungi, providing increased habitat and forage for wildlife 22 Water & Power:
Electricity Options: www.pedalpowersound.co.uk
Solar panels on building (size of courtyard trees must not interfere) or free-standing ‘flower arrays’
Phone-charging, water-pumping etc. by bike, or other new and trial energy generating technologies Water Options:
Hand/solar pumped ground-water - depending on water quality
Gravity-fed rainwater-harvesting from VITAE building/ on site building into tanks on roof/ by VITAE/ underground
Drinking water: ceramic filters, or piped from the VITAE building
http://airroofing.com/gallery
23 Amenity Space:
Open space on hard- Garden project spaces standing for informal providing colour, scent, meeting, organised Nwf.org Open space on meadow when sheep are interactive education, insect events, and socialising. not on site for outdoor workshops and fodder & habitat etc. small organised events. 24 Amenity Buildings
Passive air-vent A simple one-storey building providing shelter, work- and social-space for project-workers or outreach activities and campus events.
CHALLENGE:
Ventilation pipe To involve the campus community in a sustainable build project
Off-grid design - including turning one of Urine-separating toilet bowl & seat the project gardens into a Urine: separate & collect, or phytoremediation system for waste-water combine evenly
Container with soil, Showcasing existing techniques and bark chippings, toilet Urine pipe and kitchen waste. Spreader plate technologies for sustainable building, and Air-intake creating space for trialling new ones Inspection hatch Air channels Beautiful and human-scale with good Urine delayer
inside-outside relationships (e.g. open Air- www.mullis.se porches) intake Swedish closed compost toilets:
Urine separation for fertilizer Nwf.org Composted waste matter added to willow wetland
25 Community Build Options… Recycled Design Donated materials
www.noorderparkbar.nl Covered porch
Timber Cabin Sustainable timber Green roof Space to relax
Above: from Lex Maas - RIKILT
Above: from Annet Kempenaar – LAR Wageningen UR Earthship Integral greenhouse Straw Bale Passive solar gain Ewig Lernender – location Swalmen, NL Use excess subsoil from campus High insulation High % biodegradable
Dominic Alves – location Brighton, UK Temporary barriers 3 4 Sheep Shelter/
5 6 Woodland Workshop 1 2
www.living-wood.co.uk/green_woodwork_courses.html
Access Base for sheep when on the site. Sheep can also Sheep shelter/ access other areas workshop sequentionally, allowing space rotational grazing as an alternative management Storage option. Pollarded willow can be used to make
Bob Harvey temporary barriers – moveable fence panels or short-life ‘dead hedges’. The workshop is for organised events by Chris Reynolds student groups with nature organisations, and for practicums. 27 Green Infrastructure
Cultural-historical, and ecological value
1. Reserves for native plants 2. Boundary planting 3. Division Planting (including dead hedge 3.a) 4. Livestock Hedge 5. Woodland Edge Planting 6. Willow Wetland & restored fragment of old field boundary: alder and willow coppice ditch (Elzensingel & knotwilg) 7. Pond and seating 28 Across whole site: Insect and bird forage Seed reservoir Soil-building by creating undisturbed areas Pest control species Colourful walking routes (mown paths) Field-work and nature-education resource Reserves for Beneficial Plants
NAT
HOOI
ZOOM
29 Prunus spinosa Rosa rubiginosa
Boundary Planting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro Wide, informal thorny _spinosa#/media/File:Schlehe1.jpg sa_rubiginosa#/media/File:Pink_R boundary planting. ose2.jpg
Barrier for dogs, people, & Ilex aquifolium Ulex europaeus sheep
Beautiful colours for year- round interest
Easy & low maintenance
Food and habitat for birds, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulex_e https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_a uropaeus#/media/File:Ulex_europaeu quifolium#/media/File:Acebo.jpg insects, and small mammals s8.jpg 30 Surviving &/improving poor soil Rosa rubiginosa Salix purpurea Division Planting:
Control movement and access https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal sa_rubiginosa#/media/File:Pink_R ix_purpurea#/media/File:Salix- for sheep, people, dogs ose2.jpg purpurea-leaves.JPG Survive poor soil conditions
Improve soil (N-fixing, no- disturbance, build-up of organic matter)
Sheep forage (self-pruning hedge)
Wildlife habitat, forage, & 31 corridor Natural England/ Catherine Burgess Prunus spinosa Acer campestre Rhamnus cathartica Quercus robur Euonymus europaeus Cornus sanguinea Ligustrum vulgare Corylus avellana Viburnum opulus Livestock Hedge: Ribes nigrum Rosa arvensis
Ecological link/mammal corridor between park and woodland
Using local provenance plant stock
Showcasing an historical agricultural technique and landscape element
Control access - sheep, people & dogs
Provide sheep forage
Workshop opportunities (hedge laying) M J Roscoe 32 +
Woodland Edge: Viburnum opulus Corylus avellana Adding understorey fruiting trees/shrubs of local provenance Prunus padus to the existing mature trees edging the south of the site at Euonymus europaeus Dijkgraaf to create extra habitat and forage for birds. Prunus spinosa Sambucus nigra Rhamnus frangula Ilex aquifolium Rhamnus carthartica Rosa arvensis Cornus sanguinea
33 Salix viminalis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi kipedia/commons/1/11/Salix_vim inalis_002.jpg Willow Wetland:
Space to allow natural fluctuation of seepage water in an area which has always flooded
Adapted traditional Dutch landscape management (griend) – local provenance plants used
Habitat and forage for a range of wetland plants, insects, and birds.
Provides plant material – fences, baskets, mushroom logs, (in leaf) sheep forage
Takes composted waste from compost toilet 34 An artificial pond to provide a consistently full (non-fluctuating) water-body for insects which will provide pest-control to the orchard and other projects, and create extra habitat for amphibians
A sitting area of benches made from some logs preserved from the bus-lane felling
Water source for birds & small mammals Pond & Seating:
www.arc- trust.org/advice/species- id/amphibians/great-crested- newt www.forestcrafts.co.uk/store/schools-playtime/childrens-outdoor-seating-tabl/log- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeshna_viridis bench/showitemL-BENCH.aspx 35 Wildlife Connections
Creating and connecting the various hedge-bank-ditch structures maximizes the variety of species that are provided with habitat, forage & corridors.
36 People Connections
Building Public access Interdisciplinary project work Community courses School visits Social activities Hosting campus guests
Orchard
Public fruit-picking Worm farm Example of how Guided tours projects can link Courses functionally link people to wider Green Infrastructure campus life Field-work possibilities Views for bus & bike travelers Meadows & Event flowering hedges space create attractive 37 walking routes Low-Input/Carbon-Neutral Options
Off-grid Materials
Possibility to create a self-sustaining All green waste can be managed on low-impact building site, generating materials (e.g. coppice wood for fences, compost), creating Ground water irrigation (by hand or solar pumps)/ gravity fed rainwater structures, feeding sheep, growing irrigation mushrooms, cold-composting etc. Solar panels for building & power Cold Composting line Worm towers and log piles recycling Fossil-fuel Free Maintenance organic waste in-situ.
All green infrastructure can be Carbon Sinks maintained manually by traditional methods, giving opportunity for Addition of trees, permanent shrubs, & skills workshops and student groups areas of undisturbed grassland act as to organise practial workgroups. carbon sinks. Site design means that low numbers of sheep could be used to manage grassland and some hedge-growth through grazing in rotating sections.
38 December 2015 - Fiona Morris – Atelier Rabbit - [email protected]