Final Report

Photo: Bienvenida Bauer

Photo by: Bienvenida Bauer Workshop on Capacity Strengthening in Agricultural Best Management Practices for USAID and the Caribbean Implementing Partners

Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic

July 8th-12th , 2013

Lead by: Co-organized & facilitated by:

Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

Workshop Methodology

Case Studies and Technical Presentation……………………………………………………………………………………………………..1

Field Visits……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

Group work………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2

Data Synthesis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

Workshop Evaluation……..…………………………………………………………………………………………..3

Annexes:

Workshop Agenda…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…….4-8

BMP’s Workshop Synthesis……………………………………………………………………………………………….……..… 9-14

General BMP’s Matrix………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….15-22

Country Matrix……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....23-25

Crop-Specific Matrix……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..26-34

Workshop Evaluations & Other Commentaries.……………………………………………………………….……..….35-36

Participants List………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37-38

Introduction

The workshop was led by REDDOM, with Sun Mountain International as the co-organizer. It was a multi-country initiative with a goal to produce tangible Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Caribbean-based existing and future USAID and Government projects working in agriculture and global climate change (GCC) adaptation. It provided project participates an opportunity to collaborate with other organizations in the sharing of lessons learned from the implementation of agriculture/GCC adaption projects. The workshop was designed for agricultural/GCC adaptation project planners and implementers. The purpose of the workshop was to join key players in the Caribbean region to share, and document, agricultural Best Management Practices that focus on adaptation and risk reduction of GCC impacts to agriculture production.

The workshop was highly participatory in nature. Each participant was seen as a presenter and each presenter as a participant. The workshop allowed ample time for participant discussions, field visits, and presentations of Case Studies of Agricultural BMPs with a focus on GCC adaptation from the participating countries (Jamaica, Haiti, Dominica and Dominican Republic). USAID DR/REDDOM and Sun Mountain technical specialists provided the workshop materials and facilitated the workshop discussions on BMP strategies. The workshop methodology consisted of Case Study presentations, technical presentations, participant discussions on the information presented, field visits, and small group work sessions to identify and document BMPs. Due to weather conditions, the group was only able to see 4 of the 5 field sites (Constanza greenhouse was the only site that was not visited).

Workshop Methodology

The workshop opened with an overview of the current situation of Agricultural Projects in the Dominican Republic and USAID priorities in the LAC region. Sustainable farming systems and how they adapt to Climate Change was presented in an introductory video.

Case Studies and Technical Presentation Each participating country presented case studies on a variety of topics. The case studies were accompanied by technical presentations which elaborated on the best agricultural management practices for that topic. The following case studies and associated technical presentations were presented:

• Aquaponics - Jamaica / Use of the water, irrigation methods and sustainability • Drought management in livestock - Dominican Republic / Global Climate change Adaptation Integrated in Agriculture Projects • Soils, Integrated Nutrient Management including the use of organic methods - Dominican Republic and Dominica / Soils, Integrated Nutrient Management including the use of organic methods • Soil Conservation Management – Haiti / Soil Conservation Management, particularly in hillside agriculture • Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) - Dominican Republic / Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) • Additional case study: Climate Change - Dominican Republic

This integrated approach of combining real-world experiences (case studies) with in-depth technical presentations, produced useful discussions between the participants as well as best agricultural management practices for each topic.

Field Visits Another key part of the workshop strategy was field visits. It was originally planned that participants would visit five sites where agricultural BMP’s were being practiced, those sites and topics were: 1) Belarminio Ramirez y Hnos Coffee Factory – Coffee processing 2) Coffee Nursery – Seedling develop 1

3) Jose Cruz Organic Farm – Organic farming 4) Dajaos / Hnos Ramirez Farm – Organic farming, agro-tourism, and eco-tourism 5) Constanza – Greenhouse production

Note: All sites were within one hour of the workshop venue – Jarabacoa, DR

Unfortunately, each participant was only able to see two of the five sites due to tropical storm Chantal. On the first field visit day (day 2), the participants were divided into two groups; one group saw Dajaos-Hnos Ramirez Farm and Jose Cruz Organic Farm and the other saw Belarminio Ramirez y Hnos’ Coffee Factory and the Coffee Nursery. Heavy rains made it unsafe to travel to the sites on days three and four. To make sure that the BMP’s from each site were known to all participants, the two groups created brief presentations summarizing their key findings from the sites they visited. They presented the BMP’s for their field visits to the other group. Although the storm prevented visitation to all sites, the important BMP’s from each site were identified and presented, to all the participants, for those four sites. The fifth site to green houses in Constanza (Nunez Agricultural Investments) was completely canceled due to the heavy rains.

Group work Maybe the most important element for this workshop was the participatory documentation of the BMP’s. The participants were asked to draw from their professional experiences, case studies, technical presentations, and field visits to complete three types of matrixes: 1) BMP’s Matrix - divides BMP’s into agricultural systems areas (e.g. water conservation, soil conservation, etc.) (Annex 3) 2) Country Matrix - identifies the countries’ crops and the climate change issues that affect those crops (Annex 4) 3) Crop Matrix – identifies the BMP’s and CC issues for a specific crop (Annex 5)

The aim of the BMP’s Matrix was to get the participants to document all the BMP’s that they observed during the workshop through case studies, technical presentations, and field visits, as well as their own experiences. The matrix served as the base for the documentation process and identifies the majority of the BMP’s from the workshop.

The purpose of the Country Matrix was to identify what crops each participating country was producing and what were the country’s climates change issues that affect their crops. This matrix helped to focus the discussion on the crops that the participants were familiar with, so time would be used more efficiently. The participants, divided into groups by country and used this matrix to identify the climate changes issues in their countries (e.g. intense rainfall, tornados, intense droughts, etc.) While most of the issues were shared by all of the countries, there were some differences. For example, the Dominican Republic reported that Tornados were very problematic while the other countries did not. These climate change issues that the country-groups identified were used in the formulation of the third matrix – crop matrix.

To get the participants to think about the BMP’s from a different perspective, a third matrix was used – the Crop Matrix. This matrix took the most common climate change issues that were identified in the Country Matrix and categorized them by crop. Also, this process allowed the participants to think about the BMP’s in a crop-specific-way which produces even more BMP’s, some that were only specific to a certain crop, that were missed in the general BMP’s Matrix.

Data Synthesis Utilizing the data collected from the three matrixes the workshop coordination team was able to synthesize the agricultural BMP’s and the corresponding climate change issues into one concise document (Annex 2). Because most of the BMP’s can be implemented with almost any crop, the team decided to organize the document in the following manner:

1) General BMP’s – BMP’s were divided by agricultural systems areas (e.g. water conservation, soil conservation, etc.) for all crops. Under the general areas, sub-sections were added to better define the specific type of BMP. 2) Crop-specific BMP’s – BMP’s that are unique to a certain crop (e.g. cocoa and coffee - grafting of pest and climate resistant species) 3) Common climate changes issues, represented by a,b,c,d,e,f, (e.g. a = Temperature Increase, b = Irregularity in the rainfall season, etc.) were placed with the BMP sub-sections which could help to mitigate the given climate change issue. (e.g. Water harvesting - irregularity in the rainfall season and/or intense droughts)

Recommendations

The following are recommendations that were made by participants during the workshop for follow up action:

• Form technical crop Clusters that would provide follow-ups that would identify gaps in the BMP’s that have been documented for specific crops • Prepare a BMP manual that could be used by farmers and extension agents and provide direction within the LAC Environment Guidelines • Develop one to two pages crop-specific pamphlets that are simple and easily understood by farmers • Share information and keep participants connected through the use of basecamp (web based cloud system) • The workshop planning team will develop a draft action plan to identify next steps and move the BMPs forward. The draft action plan will be submitted to participants within 3 weeks after the workshop for their review and comments. • Agroforestry needs to be incorporated in to all agricultural actions • The workshop information should be presented to CARICOM and OECS to enhance their land use policies. • Need for cross-sector approach to climate change (tourism, forestry, health, etc.) • Any future follow up workshops should involve municipal and ministerial government representation.

These recommendations will be taken in to consideration in the planning of similar workshops in the future. These will not only help to improve the effectiveness of the workshop, but also the documentation of best management practices that can be used to mitigate climate change issues in the agricultural sector.

Workshop Evaluation

At the end of the workshop, evaluations were filled out by the participants. These evaluated various aspects of the workshop from technical presentations to case studies to workshop logistics and venue. The participants were very pleased with the workshop’s methodology, case studies, technical presentation. The only categories that receive a average-to-low rating were translations and quality of lodging. Please see Annex 6 for the evaluation summary and additional comments.

Annex 1

Workshop Agenda

Day Module Objective/Summary of the Contents Day 1 10:00 -11:00 Participant Registration

11:00-12:15 Welcome and Introduction Facilitador: Pilar Ramirez Plans for the week, workshop expectations and Panel: Alexandria Panehal, Inocencio discussion panel Garcia Javier Victor Bullen, Jesus de los Santos and Scott Solberg 12:15-1:15 Lunch 1:15-2:45 Session 1: Current situation of Agricultural Projects in the Dominican Republic and USAID priorities in the LAC Highlight the challenges (food production chain, food region. security, dependence of rainwater for irrigation and Presenters: Dr. Jesus de los Santos/Joe agriculture in the highlands, soil conservation, and Torres climate variability) and search for innovative Agricultural Discussion Panel: Victor Bullen, Joe Torres, Best Management Practices. Jerry Bauer, Irvin Durand, Moffat Ngugi Facilitator: Scott Solberg/Andrew Duffy 2:45-3:45 Session 3: Sustainable Agriculture Identify key environmental aspects within the region’s Video Presentation and Dialogue agriculture production challenges and agricultural Presentation prepared by: Ron Savage priorities (use of pesticides, use of fertilizers, climate Facilitators: Joe Torres & Victor Bullen change adaptation, water and soil management, market considerations and incentives). Discuss key risks for the agricultural development without the incorporation of environmentally sustainable activities. Discuss technologies for intensive agriculture production (use of inputs, soil quality); increased access to the irrigation water (water quality and sustainable use of the water); improved access to markets (roads quality and durability). 3:45-4:00 Coffee Break

4:00-5:30 Session 4: Presentation of participant Present each USAID Agriculture project in Dominican country projects Republic, Jamaica, Dominica and Haiti. Format of the Presentation and Dialogue presentation should follow: Background and Presenters: Juan Aracena, John Atis, Irvin Justification, Activities, Implementation Strategy and Durand, Dwight Forrester, Paul Barret, and Adjustments made, Results Yves Gossin

Day 2 Apply basic skills of environmental analysis and sustainable agriculture techniques discussed in days 1 Session 5: Field Visits that demonstrate and 2 through field visits, and follow up with the Best Management agricultural Practices working groups in order to (1) synthesize the field 8:00-12:20 (Jarabacoa) observations and (2) identify the best practices observed Facilitator: Luis Tolentino during field visits. Field visits in Jarabacoa to 2 integrated agricultural fincas, a coffee factory, and a coffee tree nursery. 12:20-1:30 Lunch Session 6a: Case Study: Use of water and water sustainability (Aquaponics) 1:30-1:50 Presentation and Dialogue Facilitator: Paul Barrett – Jamaica 1:50-2:10 Session 6b: Presentation on Use of the Increase the knowledge of water/rain issues as a limiting water, irrigation methods and factor for the agricultural production, climate change sustainability related issue regarding water availability; conflicts Presentation and Dialogue regarding water and the need for conservation or Facilitator: Michela Izzo improved drainage or irrigation. General Description of the current innovations and the approaches for the adaptation in water use within agriculture. Session 6c: Discussion about water use 2:10-2:30 and sustainability 2:30-2:50 Session 7: Global Climate Change Review of the sustainable watershed management, Adaptation Integrated in Agriculture natural resources management, and the innovations into Projects the integrated agriculture production through the lens Technical Session and Presentations of the of the climate change. Case Studies Facilitator: Michela Izzo

2:50-3:10 Session 8a: Case Study: Soils, Integrated Nutrient Management including the use of organic methods Presentation Presenter: Gustavo Gandini 3:10-3:30 Session 8b: Soils, Integrated Nutrient Discussion of USAID program practices related to Management including the use of organic integrated soil fertility management and long term methods improvement of soil quality. Improved practices include Dialogue composting, natural fertilizers, soil conservation, crop Facilitator: Gustavo Gandini rotation, cover crops, alternative crops, livestock integration). 3:30-3:50 Session 8c: Discussion about Soils, 5

Integrated Nutrient Management including the use of organic methods 3:50-4:00 Coffee Break 4:00-4:30 Session 9a: Presentation on Integrated Discuss components of, and options for, Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) Pesticide Management (IPM), identify potential Presentation and Dialogue problems of pesticide use and available pesticide Facilitator: Julio Borbón options, including organic combination; explore how USAID and the implementing partners may promote cultural and organic pesticides in order to avoid ecological impacts. 4:30-5:00 Session 9b: Discussion about Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) Day 3 8:00-8:20 Session 10a: Case Study: Soil Conservation Management: Winner/Haiti 8:20-8:40 Session 10b: Presentation on Soil Demonstrate the current initiatives and the Conservation Management, particularly opportunities in the hillside agricultural soil conservation in hillside agriculture and the loss of top soil due to erosion, full tillage, floods, Presentation and Dialogue etc. Facilitator: Ezequiel Echeverria 8:40-9:00 Session 10c: Discussion of soil conservation management 9:00-9:20 Session 11: Case Study on Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) REDDOM/ Dominican Republic 9:20-11:20 Session 12a: Preparation of Cross-group Because of heavy rain the field visits for day 3 were field visit presentations. canceled. The groups prepared a brief presentation of Facilitator: Andrew Duffy the important information and BMP’s found during their day 2 field visits. The presentations consisted of the following information: 1) site description 2) BMP’s observed 3) Inappropriate practices observed 4) Recommendations 11:20-12:30 Session 12b: Cross-group field visit The two groups presented their finding to the other presentations group so that all participants know the situation in the Facilitator: Andrew Duffy sites.

12:30-1:30 Lunch 2:00-2:20 Session 13: Case Study: Global Climate BMP’s with Livestock in the Dominican Republic Change Adaptation – Drought Management Facilitator: Luis Tolentino 1:30-2:00 Session 14: Soil Conservation Working with slopes and drainage. Management 6

Technical Presentation Facilitator: Ezequiel Echevarria 2:20-2:45 Session 15a: Discussion of the scope and Give the participants an understanding of the Matrix and purpose of the BNP’s matrix how it will be used. Facilitator: Scott Solberg 2:45-3:00 Coffee Break 3:00-5:30 Session 15b: Work in groups: Development of a BMP’s matrix with Identify BMP and facts that contributed with their the BMP implemented in the projects success. during the field visits and case studies

Day 4 8:30-10:30 Session 15c: Continuation of the development of a matrix with the BMP implemented in the projects during the Identify BMP and facts that contributed with their field visit success. Working Groups Facilitator: Andrew Duffy 10:30-10:45 Coffee Break 10:45-11:15 Session 16: Country Evaluation For Matrix Each country represented will identify (in a matrix) their projects, crops, and climate changes they face. This matrix will be used in the final documentation. 11:40-12:30 Session 17a: Continuation of the development of a matrix with the BMP implemented in the projects during the Identify BMP and facts that contributed with their field visit success. Working Groups Facilitator: Scott Solberg 12:30-1:30 Lunch 1:30-3:00 Session 17b : Final Preparation for BMP The two groups do final preparations of the BMP’s Matrix matrix 3:00-5:00 Session 17c: Presentation of the BMP The two groups present their BMP’s matrixes to the matrix and Cross-matrix analysis other group. Discussion on the common BMP’s and the Two working Groups differences. Facilitator: Juan Aracena Day 5 8:00-10:00 Session 18: Development of the Crop- The participants are divided into 6 crop-groups and specific matrix document BMP’s for certain crops. Crops: 1) Cocoa 2) Working Groups coffee 3) beans 4) banana 5) fruit trees 6) horticulture. Facilitator: Andrew Duffy Utilizing the information for the other two matrixes the participants create Crop specific matrixes that encompass BMP’s and CC issues. 7

10:00-10:20 Session 19: Soil Conservation Presentation Soil conservation presentation from Jamaica. Use of Presenter: Dwight Forester vegetation; specifically vetiver grass

10:20-10:35 Coffee Break

10:35-12:30 Session 20: Conclusions and closing Summary of the main lessons learned and conclusions Facilitator: Pilar Ramirez of the groups’ presentation; address unsolved Panel guests: Margie Bauer, Victor Bullen, questions or problems and summarize the information Jesus de los Santos, Joe Torres, and Scott presented during the workshop. Solberg

Annex 2

BMP’s Workshop Synthesis

Common GCC Issues / Problemas Comunes del CCG ***(Put the letter by BMP that apply / Ponga la letra al lado de la mejor práctica que aplique)*** a) Temperature Increase / Incremento de Temperatura

b) Irregularity in the rainfall season / Irregularidad en la estación de lluvia

c) Tropical storms/hurricanes that are more intense (resulting in flooding, tornados, physical crop damage) / Tormentas/cyclones tropicales más intensos (resultando en inundaciones, daño físico a cultivos, tornados) d) Intense Droughts / Sequías Intensas e) Increased and changes in incidence of pests/diseases (black sigatoka, coffee rust, bean golden mosaic virus) / Incremento y cambios en plagas y enfermedades (sigatoka negra, roya de café, etc.) f) Stronger winds / Vientos más fuertes

General BMP’s

The following agriculture best management practices apply to all crops.

Water Conservation

Water harvesting/storage capacity (b, c, d) • Collection Tanks • Construction of reservoirs • Roof water collection units • Creating earthen dams between areas of different elevations which can be also used as aquaculture sites. These can also be used for irrigation for horticulture crops farther down the hills. • Utilize bigger water containment units (underground units) • Creating small depressions/semi moons/individual basin/micro basin to capture rain water for arid or semi arid lands • Trenching to retain water for later use

Irrigation practices (b, d) • Appropriate timing of irrigation (early or late in the day) • Drip irrigation measure water/know what you actually need • The use of gravity-feed irrigation systems • Use of drip emitters to improve irrigation under low flow conditions (self compensating) • Stabilize canals with vegetation, rock, cement, etc. • Canal rehabilitation and upgrading water flow/use efficiency

Soil Moist Conservation (a,b,d,f) • Use of shade and agro-forestry systems which increase humidity and decreases temperature • Use of live vegetation and mulch (organic and plastic) • Match height of the crop beds to the specific crop and rainfall conditions • Use of wind barriers stop evaporation • Use of melon crops to retain moisture

Controlled environments (Green house, aquaponics, permaculture, shade house) (a,b,c,d,e,f) • Mesh over plants to prevent water loss/evaporation (preferably white mesh) • Aquaponics for continuous water recycling

• Use of harvested water that can be reused • Adding in water crops (lillies, water cress, duckweed) into water with high nitrite levels • Ensure that the design of irrigation and water storage systems are deeper and with less surface area

Monitoring (b,d) • Monitoring water use of irrigation systems • Monitoring the amount of water for irrigation • Evaluating water quality to decrease potential pollutants (PH tests, chemical level, etc.) • Monitoring the soil humidity to plan for what type of irrigation system is needed, when to irrigate and how much water is needed • Monitor irrigation water runoff for potential pollutants

Maintenance (c) • Checking irrigation system for leaks

Soil Fertility

All encompassing: Vermiculture Use of agro-forestry for overall soil enhancement Use of farm animal waste (manure) Rotation of crops Crop diversification Use of animals to eat and trample post harvest waste

Maintaining/Restoration of Soil Nutrients (a,b,c,d) • Marrying of two crops • Using compost (none) • Using post harvest waste for soil re-fertilization • Use of bio char • Use of nitrogen-fixing hedge rows • Use Grass and post harvest waste as mulch to improve soil texture • Select varieties that create good nitrogen fixation nodules • Use bean waste for nitrogen in soil (B)

Maintaining Soil Biodiversity (a,b,d,e,f)

Soil Structure (b,c,d) • Use Grass and post harvest waste as mulch to improve soil texture • Use of bio char • Use of pumice

Fertilizer (b,d) • Focus on organic fertilizers (e.g. Compost, bocashi, worm compost) • Timing and of fertilizer application • Ensure correct amount inorganic fertilizers application • Soil analysis for correct fertilization N/P/K • Avoid the application of inorganic fertilizer during the dry periods • If inorganic fertilizer are used, they should be highly soluble • If inorganic fertilizer are used, they should be slow-release fertilizers • Apply fertilizers beneath the soil 10

Monitoring (b,c,d) • Monitor soil structure, nutrients, and soil micro organisms

Soil Conservation All encompassing: • Rotation of crops

Planning/Design (b, c) • Design drainage system for maximize water flow away from crops • Design irrigation systems to minimized soil erosion (e.g. drip vs. flood) • Design of access, rural roads along contours instead of making fast route from point A to B • Plan farm plots before growing (e.g. drainage systems, contour, etc.)

Erosion (b,c,d,f) • No/low tillage • planting grass on hillsides • Planting on the contour lines through of the A frames • Use a stable crop along borders and contour lines • Use of live barriers (e.g. hedge rows, wind breaks, bamboo, etc.) to prevent soil movement and runoff • Use of dead barriers (e.g. rocks and logs of coppicing trees) • Don’t plant annual crops in monoculture on slope steeper than 35% • Control your irrigation systems to prevent runoff and erosion • Select varieties that have expansive root systems • Avoid slash and burn methods • Use of live and dead bamboo as barriers instead of cutting trees for dead barriers • Avoid burning of post harvest crop residue so that it can be used to stabilize soils • Use of mulch (organic or plastic) • Use of tuber crops in pooling areas to ensure that water does not stagnate and create fast runoff • Use a staple crop (e.g. pineapple) for contour barriers • Planting of vegetation along roads and rivers to prevent sediment runoff • Ensure that all farming plot have vegetative cover (crops and plants) at all times, so that their soil is not expose that would lead to erosion • Use of mesh to prevent heavy water flow falling on plants and soil for small area plots

Pesticide Use All encompassing: • Use organic methods of control first and followed by Integrated Pest Management methods

Natural/Cultural Control (a, b, d, e, f) • Bio control agents like wasps • Use pheromones • Create gaps in planting rows to prevent a disease or pest from affecting the row (A,E) • Use of natural pest control like NEEM • Spray a light soap to prevent aphids • Repellant crops • The use of non resistant varieties planted as hedge rows to attract pests from the main crops being grown • Use fowl as pest control in gardens

• Introduce and maintain natural predators • Eliminate stagnate water within the crops to minimize pest breeding • Use of pepper and cinnamon stray to ward off caterpillars • Squish up caterpillar and spray on plants to ward off other caterpillars • Use of wood ash and cinnamon to ward off ants • Diversify crops to minimize pest outbreaks

Chemical Control • Only use general class product (class 3 and 4)

Safe Use (a, c) • Use protective suits for spraying (Human health and E) • Follow LAC environmental guidelines regarding pesticides storage (such as not near food items, place on higher shelves, dry and cool place, etc.) (E) • Basic safety and sanitation training (Human Health, E) • Training in use of pesticides (human health, E) • Training, technology transfer and follow up • Appropriate equipment calibration • Wash pesticide containers three times, perforate, and dispose as hazardous waste • Better labeling on pesticides/fertilizers

Monitoring (a, b, d, e, f) • Monitoring of pest through plot trails • Monitoring peak pest cycles to kill pests at an early stage

Waste Management (a,b,c,d,e) • Utilize animal rotation on farms for fertilizer use • Use living organisms in composting of animal waste (e.g. worms, black soldier fly) • Use bean waste to make energy (e.g. briquette or bio fuel) • Permaculture-running water continually through a system/recycling water • Explore alternative recycling practices • Use of biodigestor for livestock and crop waste to capture and use the methane gas as well as using the decomposed solid waste fertilizer • Use of burnt waste for fertilizer • Use of animal solid waste for fish feed • Reduce, reuse, and recycle non-biodegradable materials • Use of tanks to collect and classify solid waste • Promote use of biodegradable within a production system

Others

Policies/Management (a, b, c, d, e, f) • Keeping records for risk mitigation and insurance • Development and implementation of land-use plans and knowledge of zoning regulation • Development of a payment for ecological services system and connect farm with this opportunity • Create and use land-use maps/range maps to identify plant species’ characteristics (slope, elevation, soil type, etc.) • Create protocols for bio-engineered crops

Energy (a, b, c, d, f) • Design and build greenhouses that permit different temperature levels without the use of electrical energy 12

• Use of alternative energy sources (biofuel, solar, etc.) • Promote the use of low-cost cooling systems for products in route to market

Livestock (a, b, c, d, e, f) • Promote better pasture management (pasture rotation) • Improved livestock grass with high nutrients and grow rate to be used for feed • Incorporate silvo-pastoral systems

Additional Agricultural Management Techniques (a, b, c, d, e, f) • Incorporate pollinators into the farming system (e.g. bees) • Promote the implementation of perennial and agro-forestry systems • Promote “Spreading Root System” techniques

Training / Education (a, b, c, d, e, f) • Education of water use and technologies • Education of the value of water (create an understanding of the importance of water and the actual cost) • Education of water policies • Provide knowledge of crop specific water needs • Promote adaptive seed varieties for drought and excesses water conditions • Use pictures to describe techniques to farmers (farm method, pesticide use, etc.) • Best management of invasive species/knowledge about what new crops or animals that you are introducing • Bring message of sustainable agriculture and environment to children and churches

Crop Specific BMP’s The following best agricultural management practices are specific to the following crops:

Banana • Substitute canal irrigation systems with other more efficient irrigation systems (b, c, d) • Bananas are very susceptible to wind throw thus wind breaks and/or agro-forestry should be implemented (f) • Due to the strong market for organic banana, organic fertilizers and pesticides should be used

Beans • Introduction of limited amounts of sulfur to legume systems (b, c, d) • Don’t grow beans on slopes greater than 35-40% (c) • Leave the roots in the soil after bean harvest for nitrogen and soil conservation purposes (c,d) • Bean vine and leaves should be left on the ground or tilled into the soil because of their high nitrogen content (b, c, d) • Use bean waste for fodder (cows and goats) (d)

Cocoa and Coffee • Grafting pest and climate resistant species into existing trees (a, b, d) • Teach farmers pruning techniques (b, c, d, f) • Low cost drying systems (a, b, d) • Both should be grown in an agro-forestry system to provide shading and moisture control (a, b, c, d, f) • Specific species of shade tree should include nitrogen-fixing trees and fruit trees (specifically avocado and citrus) • Use of husk waste for organic composting and bio-fuels • Use of waste water in bio-digester for methane gas production and to minimize pollution

Fruit Trees • Fruit trees (especially citrus) should be grafted for pest and climate resistance as well as for productivity and marketable varieties (a, b, c, d, e, f) • No tilling should be done (b, c, d) • Organic fertilizers should be used (a, b, c, d, f)

Horticulture • Utilize greenhouse for climate control to increase production (a, b, c, d, f) • Promote intergraded planting method (vertical and horizontal) in greenhouses to maximize space and promote perennial crops on land previously used by horticultural crops • Use of organic fertilizers and Integrated Pest Management (especially the use of colored sticky traps) in greenhouses (c) • Aquaponics optimal for greenhouse situations (a, b, c, d)

Rice (Not recommended to be grown as a focus crop due to the high inputs and environmental impacts) (a, b, c, d)

If rice is grown it should: • Be done on small farmer-scale • Using organic methods • Using improved varieties such as SRI • Deep place of urea in the rice system

Annex 3

BEST PRACTICES FOR POTENTIAL GGC IMPACTS MATRIX – Group 1 (DR participants)

Qualifications / Additional considerations Best Ag. Practices related to Climate Change Issues Calificaciones: / adicionales Mejores Prácticas agrícolas relacionadas con los problemas del Cambio Climático EX. Country/País, Crops/Cultivo, etc.

Water Conservation 1. Using sandbags to hold the riverbanks together DR/J/H Conservación del Agua 2. Keep livestock away from the water’s edge D/J 3. Use living barriers planted along stream banks US For example: 4. Creating earthen dams between areas of different elevations which can be also used as aquaculture sites. H - Water sustainibility These can also be used for irrigation for horticulture crops farther down the hills. Sostenibilidad del agua 5. White mesh over plants to prevent water loss/evaporation 6. Aquaponics for continuous water use. - Tasa de infiltración del suelo 7. Roof water collection units Rate of soil infiltration 8. Shading to prevent water loss 9. Trenching to retain water for later use. - Water retention ability 10. Creating small lagoons Capacidad de retención de 11. Use of harvested water that can be reused agua 12. Permaculture 13. Utilize bigger water containment units (underground units) 14. increasing forest cover/reclaimation 15. Measure water/know what you actually need 16. Selection of the correct irrigation type. 17. More direct irrigation for above ground irrigation 18. Drip irrigation 19. Identifying and monitoring water loss— 20.Improving irrigation under low flow conditions 21. Creating a backup irrigation system if the current one fails 22. Canal rehabilitation and upgrading water flow/use efficiency 23. Education of water use and technologies 24. Ensure that water is deep and not spread shallowly in water retention areas 25. Monitoring and assessing the quality of the water in system use or reuse --can also monitor for pre-disposal 15

26. Knowledge of crop water needs 27. Knowledge of crop and variety selection 28. Adding in water crops (lillies, duckweed) into water with high nitrite levels 29. Make water regulation more stringent 30. Make water cost more per litre/ water rights 31. Creating small depressions/demi moons/individual basin/micro basin to capture rain water for arid or semi arid lands 32. Timing irrigation (early or late)

Soil Fertility 1. Improve the texture of soil utilization of saw grass to be cut and used as mulch. Dry for 3-4 days then lay it St. Elizabeth, Jamaica, Fertilidad de suelo on top of the land. Keeps the soil cool, adds back in nitrogen. Keeps soil covered so there is very little erosion. spices and vegetables- Prevents transpiration. Driest area/ dry farming technique. Not good for wetter areas because it can cause nitrogen fixing (scalions For example: fungus. and thyme, tomatoes, -Nutrients/Nutrientes 2. Utilizing dual crops to maintain the soil fertility such as carrots and lettuce together or cocoa and coffee sweet peppers, cabbages) plants. The marrying of two crops. -Biological Activity and 3. Hedge rows to retain the soil fertility. diversity 4. Using compost J/DR/H Actividad e diversidad 5. Utilization of post harvest waste to increase soil fertility. biológica 6. Urea deep placement for rice H 7. Vermiculture US - Construction/Mantinance of 8. Timing of fertilizer applications US SOM 5. Ensuring correct quantity of applications US Construcción/ Mantenimiento 6. Introduction of pumice US de MOS 7. introduction of sulfur to legume systems J/DR J Soil Conservation 1. Rotation of crops and fallow land. Combine tomatoes and sweet peppers growing together to provide tiered J Conservación de suelo growth and protection for the later crop. Use of harvested grass improves texture of soil for farming. Would work well in most Caribbean locales. -Erotion/Erosión 2. No tillage for drier areas because it would increase additional runoff.. 3. Planting grass on hillsides to retain soil. Especially in coffee areas J/DR 4. Utilize sticks that are bamboo versus cutting down trees. 5. Use tubers for pooling areas to ensure that water does not stagnate and create fast runoff. 6. Yam hills are sometimes covered in citranella/fever grass to cover the weeded hills to retain the rains when J they do come and prevent erosion. J 7. Post harvest animals are brought in to weed eat and trample the growth and fertilize. J 8. Planting on contours using a A-frame and a pendulum to find points of equal elevation. 9. Use a stable crop like pineapple as a barrier/contour definer to prevent soil erosion Dominica 10. Melons to retain the rainfall 11. Creating grooves into the hillsides to collect water as it runs off. Dominica 12. Divergent ditches to divert water flow. 13. Minimal tillage using hoes. DR

14. Can use sandbags to hold in loose soil, easier surface for water flow. 15. Smart design of roads that are more contour conscious instead of just making the fastest route from point DR A to B 16. Use trees along the side of the road and river to prevent sedimentation runoff. H 17. Ensuring that all plots have cover crops/plants on them at all times to ensure that they do not just lie H stripped, leading to erosion J 18. Creating hedge rows DR 19. Using mesh to prevent heavy water flows falling on plants. DR 20. Establishing a maximum slope that you can plant on 21. grow yams on living pole. DR 22. Plan what you want to do/grow before you do it. DR/D

IV. Uso de fertilizantes y/o 1. Looking to other countries experiences with things like rice. pesticidas 2. Using bio controls to attack pests such as wasps against caterpillers Fertilizer Use 3. Using protective suits for spraying 4. Using pheromones to biologically get rid of pests -Degradation Rate 5. Bio char – used to be burned and then placed into the soil before planting (can also use coffee husks) Tasa de degradación -can be used as a PH buffer. 6. Eliminate stagnant water -Absorptivity/ Absorción 7. Creating gaps in planting rows to prevent a disease or pest from destroying a whole row. 8. Grafting pest resistent cocoa into existing cocoa -Solubility/Solubilidad 9. Look at natural pest control (i.e. neem oil) 10. Pepper with cinnamon spray for the getting rid of caterpillers -Volatility/Volatilidad 11. Squishing up caterpillers and spraying on plants 12. Spraying simple soap to stop aphid populations 13. Wood ash to stop ants 14. Cinnemon to stop ants 15. Repellant crops 16. A dummy/host crop 17. Use chickens in gardens 18. Keep natural predators 19. As an IPM method, using tradition non resistant crop varieties along the borders of the Resistant variety plot would attract pests away from the the main crop being grown 20. correct storage of pesticides 21. basic safety and sanitation training

Waste Mangement 1. Utilize animal rotation on the farm cowgoatchicken then move after a time and then farm the US/D/J Manejo de Desechos land. 2. Using animals to eat pests (ducks eating slugs) -Solid waste 3. Use the black soldier fly in the composting process. Consumes organic matter and animal waste. Desechos solidos 4. Use of biodigester. Use wastes as inputs to other production methods -Liquid waste -pigs (essential) Desechos liquidos -corn husks -cattle -coffee 5. Use of burned waste as fertilization 6. Pemaculture-running water continually through a system/recycling water 7. Waste can be used for fish feed 8. Explore alternative recycling practices 9. Teach farmers how to prune for increasing plant production V. Others 1. Better land regulations for what can be done to the land. DR Otros 2. More stringent oversight of construction and development of lands. DR 3. Creating a land use map/range maps that can tell you what to plant at what elevations and soil types DR/J/D and slopes. Species specific 4. Updating existing maps US 5. Utilize “other” livestock like bees J 6. Better labeling for farmers to understand how much to/the right type of fertilizer to apply 7. Using pictures to show how to apply or show how to use fertilizer and pesticide. 8. Simplification of bringing IPM/ICT to farmers 9. Bring message of the earth and the soil and introduce through children and churches to integrate better practices into the system. High use of visuals. 10. A move/selection to/of perennial systems (longer term, longer producing) crops 11. Multi use crops for composting, food, forage and fodder (know what is appropriate for farm animals) 12. Create a crop map that is future looking that farmers can refer to when selecting crops 13. Physical transportation of crops to market 14. Low cost Cooling systems for products en route to market 15. Training in business management 16. Financial management training 17. Best management of invasive species/knowledge about what new crops or animals that you are

introducing 18. Keeping records for risk mitigation and insurance coverage 19. Creating protocols for bio engineered crops 20. Comprehensive log frame to respond to conditions being experienced 21. Adding back in trees to the farming system -encourage biodiversity 22. Ensuring that you have wind breaks in windy areas 23. Horizontal farming (spreading root systems) 24. Use oil free energy efficient equipment when possible 25. Use solar/ wind energy technology where possible

BEST PRACTICES FOR POTENTIAL GGC IMPACTS MATRIX– Group 2 (All other participants)

Best Ag. Practices related to Climate Change Issues Qualifications / Additional Mejores Prácticas de Ag. respetosas al Cambio Climático considerations Calificaciones: / adicionales EX. Country/País, Crops/Cultivo, etc.

Water Conservation 1. Reservoirs construction Corresponden a Conservación del Agua 2. Reforestation medidas de 3. No application of agro-chemicals close to water adaptación y For example: 4. Encourage forest coverage mitigación al cambio - Water sustainibility 5. Training and implementación climático. Sostenibilidad del agua 6. Establishment of efficient irrigation systems (e.g drip, canal maintenance, and gravity-feed) 7. Organic material use in soils - Tasa de infiltración del suelo 8. Use of cover crops (e.g. Maní forrajero) Rate of soil infiltration 9. Appropriate soil leveling on agricultral land 10. Monitor soil humidity for irragation planning - Water retention ability 11. Periodically analyze wastewater after treatment before being discharged Capacidad de retención de 12. Using wet ecological benefit coffee; reduce water use in more than 90% to avoid contamination of water agua bodies. 13. Using live and dead hedge 14. Adjust the height of the beds crop need (Example vegetables with shallow root systems) 15. Use rainwater (in greenhouse rainwater can be used for irrigation and bathrooms) 16. Replace irrigation channels on floor by other practices 17. Compaction of irrigation canals. 18. Avoid extensive livestock overgrazing. 19. Encourage analog forestry

Soil Fertility Fertilidad de suelo 1. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological and leaf analysis 2. Monitor soil fertility (in greenhouses ...... ) For example: 3. Incorporate organic matter (compost, bokashi, green manure -Nutrients/Nutrientes 4. Cover crop (forage peanut) 5. Crop rotation -Biological Activity and diversity 6. Minimum tillage or zero tillage Actividad e diversidad biológica 7. Avoid fertilizing in times of continued 8. Culture Association System (coffee, cocoa system, cassava, banana, beans,) - Construction/Mantinance of 9. Windbreak barriers around property SOM 10. Using highly soluble fertilizer (Greenhouse, house and open field mesh drip fertigation) Construcción/ Mantenimiento 11. Training, technology transfer and monitoring. de MOS 12. Establishment of live and dead barriers 13. Encourage analog forestry

Soil Conservation 1. Establishment of live and dead barriers Conservación de suelo 2. Contour planting, terrace 3. Minimum or zero tillage -Erosion/Erosión 4. Construction of proper drainage (Underground and surface) 5. Avoid the practice of slash and burn 6. Avoid burning of crop residues and incorporated into the soil. 7. Triple washing pesticide containers 8. Design and construction appropriate way and covered slope protection 9. Encourage the use of drip irrigation 10. Establishing mulch 11. Stone gabions or walls to prevent landslides 12. Deviation setting channels 13. Windbreaks 14. Encourage analog forestry IV. Uso de fertilizantes y/o 1. Training, technology transfer and monitoring pesticidas 2. Fertilization localized or directed Fertirrgation Fertilizer Use 3. Use of organic manure (compost, bokashi, Vermicompost) 4. Use protective equipment for pesticide application -Degradation Rate 5. Encourage the use of farm waste to make organic fertilizer Tasa de degradación 6. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological and leaf analysis 7. Promote integrated pest management -Absorptivity/ Absorción 8. Proper calibration of equipment 9. Proper storage of chemicals -Solubility/Solubilidad 10. Using triple washing and drilling vessels containing pesticides 11. Using slow release fertilizer -Volatility/Volatilidad 12. Pest monitoring 21

13. Implement period of closures and crop zoning to break the cycle of pests. 14. Crop diversification Waste Mangement Manejo de Desechos 1. Training, technology transfer and monitoring 2. Reduce, reuse and recycle plastic or non-biodegradable materials used in production -Solid waste 3. Encourage the use of organic waste from the farm to make organic fertilizer Desechos solidos 4. Encourage the use of treatment system for liquid effluents (Biodigestores, septic, pond) wastewater -Liquid waste 5. Using containers or tanks to collect and classify solid waste on the farm Desechos liquidos 6. Signage on farms 7. Encourage the use of biodegradable materials in production processes

V. Others Políticas 1. Development and implementation of plans and land use. Otros ) 2. Encourage the payment for environmental services Invernaderos 1. Design and build features to manage greenhouse temperature variations without electricity use

Energía 1. Using alternative energy sources (production and use of biogas, rice husks, coffee and other crop residues)

Variabilidad 1. Selection of varieties resistant to pests and diseases genética Ganadería 1. Livestock feedlot, pasture improvement and grazing management 2. Silvopastoral systems established

Biodiversidad y 1. Analog Forestry (where natural forest is limited in an area determined by agricultural systems) manejo de bosques

Annex 4

Country Evaluation for BMP Matrix Evaluación por País de la Matriz de MPM Country/País Projects/Proyectos: Priority Crops / CC Issues/Problemas del CC: Cultivos Prioritarios: Domincan REDDOM 1. Coffee: • Change (increase, decrease) of temperature Republic • Cyclones • Changes in precipitation patterns • Heavier rainfall  • Intense Droughts • Incidence of pests (rust and CBB) 2. Cocoa • Cyclones • Changes in precipitation patterns • Heavier rainfall  • Intense Droughts • Incidence of pests (Black Cob cocoa) 3. Banana • Cyclones • Frequently Tornados • Faster winds • Changes in precipitation patterns • Heavier rainfall  • Intense Droughts • Increased incidence of pests (black Sigatoka) • Increased crown rot disease (postharvest) • Hailstorms 4. Livestock • Droughts intense • Floods • Increased temperature 5. Avocado • Cyclones • Changes in precipitation patterns • Heavier rainfall • Intense Droughts 6. Mango • Cyclones • Changes in precipitation patterns 23

Country/País Projects/Proyectos: Priority Crops / CC Issues/Problemas del CC: Cultivos Prioritarios: • Intense rainfall • Intense droughts 7. Pineapple • More intense rainfall • Temperature rise 8. Greenhouse • Cyclones Vegetables: • Tornadoes  Peppers • Hailstorms  Tomatoes • Temperature rise  Cucumbers • Heavy rains • Cloudiness • Relative Humidity 9. Vegetables in open • Cyclones field • Tornadoes  carrot • Hailstorms  lettuce • Temperature rise  cauliflower • Heavy rains  celery • Cloudiness  Broccoli • Relative Humidity Haiti Feed the future North 1. Beans • Irregularity in the rainfall season and West 2. Corn / Maize • Increase in temperature (bean golden mosaic virus) 3. Plantain • Low productivity due to droughty condition 4. Rice • Bad distribution of rainfall cycle (quantity and intensity of rainfall increased) 5. Mango • Drought 6. Potatoes • Flood (frequent tropical storm) 7. Cocoa • Destruction of plantain , maize…field by wind 8. Vegetables (lettuce, • Erosion (caused by rain), (Reduce in fertility) pepper, leeks, ...) • Humidity in vegetable nursery (too much rain)

Jamaica Jamaica Aquaponics: • Prone to fungal infections (rust) they are densly grown and require daily Adaptive Agriculture 1. Tilapia, inspection. Program and Climate 2. Leafy vegetables mainly • Crop Diversification , affected by extreme weather conditions such drought, Change Adaptation Lettuces and herbs, and bushfire , hurricane, unpredictable rainfall pattern pests and diseases, Disaster Risk spices for inadequate market and the high cost of inputs. Management. The Climate change Adaptation Project.

Country/País Projects/Proyectos: Priority Crops / CC Issues/Problemas del CC: Cultivos Prioritarios: 1. Carrot 2. Cabbage 3. Tomato 4. Sweet Pepper 5. Turnip 6. Corn 7. String Bean Dominica 1. Bellevue Chopin 1. Herbs and condiments • Heavy rains – (landslides; temperature issues commonly) 2. DOAM – FRUIT Organics: • Dry areas, mainly on the west coast suffering from some drought, Hurricane BASKET 2. Dasheen winds, and recently the yellowing of the coconut palm leaves.... being 3. Potatoes experimented with organically with a bio product of vermiculture; Airborne 4. Yams diseases affecting citrus plants 5. Plantain/Bananas • Certain other pests on bananas and plantains like Yellow and Black Sigatoka

COMMON TO 3. Common Crops Problemas Comunes de CC/Common CC Issues MORE THAN ONE 1. Vegetales/hortalizas • Change in seasonal patterns COUNTRY Leafy Vegetables/  Irregularity in the rainfall season Horticultural crops  Longer more intense drought periods 2. Plátanos/Bananos • More intense tropical storms/hurricanes (resulting in flooding, physical crop Plantain/banana damage) 3. Cacao - Cocoa • Heavier winds 4. Café - coffee • Increase and changes in incidence of pests/diseases (black sigatoka, coffee 5. Maiz - corn rust, bean golden mosaic virus) 6. Granos - beans 7. Mango - mango • Variación en patrones estacionales 8. Arroz - Rice  Irregularidad en las estación de lluvia 9. Taro - Dasheen  Sequias más largas e intensas • Tormentas/cyclones tropicales más intensas (resultando en inundacioes, daño físico a cultivos, ) • Vientos más Fuertes • Aumento y cambios en plagas y enfermidades (sigatoka negra, roya de café, etc>)

Annex 5

Crop-Specific Matrixes

Crop/Cultivo: Bananas / Banano GCC BMP's/Mejores Practicas #

Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua 1. Reforestation (C, F)

2. Training and implementation (All) 3. Establishment of efficient irrigation system (microapersores, and improve surface irrigation, canal maintenance) (A, B, D, E)) 4. Use of organic matter in agricultural soils (D, E)

5. Establishment of cover crops (forage peanut) (A, D, E, C) 6. Monitor soil moisture for irrigation planning (A, B, D, E) 7. Periodically analyzing wastewater after treatment before being discharged 8. Dry process reduces the use of water in greater than 99% (D)

9. Using live and dead hedge (A, D, E, C) 10. Use rainwater in the packing and the house of farmers (D) 11. Replace irrigation channels on floor by other practices (D)

12. Compaction of irrigation channels (D, C) 13. Water tank construction. (D) 14. No pesticide application near water sources 15. Properly leveling soil on farm (C) Soil Fertility / Fertilidad de suelo 1. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological, and leaf analysis 2. Monitor soil fertility (in greenhouses ...... ) 3. Incorporate organic matter (compost, bokashi, green manure) 4. Cover crop (forage peanut) 5. Culture Association System (coffee, cocoa system, cassava, banana, beans,) 6. Windbreak barrier property 7. Using highly soluble fertilizer (Greenhouse, house and open field mesh drip fertigation) 8. Training, technology transfer and monitoring 9. Establishment of live and dead barriers

Soil Conservation / Conservación de suelo

1. Establishment of live and dead barriers 2. Construction of proper drainage (Underground and surface) 3. Triple washing pesticide containers 4. Encourage the use of appropriate irrigation (micro sprinkler) 5. Establishing mulch 6. Stone gabions or walls to prevent landslides 7. Establishing diversion channels 8. Windbreaks

Fertilizer/Pesticide Use / Uso de fertilizantes y/o pesticidas

1. Training, technology transfer and monitoring 2. Use of organic manure (compost, bokashi, Vermicompost) 3. Use protective equipment for pesticide application 4. Encourage the use of farm waste to make organic fertilizer 5. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological, leaf analysis 6. Promote integrated pest management 7. Proper calibration of equipment 8. Proper storage of chemicals 9. Using triple washing and drilling vessels containing pesticides 10. Using slow release fertilizer 11. Pest monitoring 12. Diversification of crops and / or products of banana

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos

1. Training, technology transfer and monitoring 2. Reduce, reuse and recycle plastic or non-biodegradable materials used in production 3. Encourage the use of organic waste from the farm to make organic fertilizer 4. Encourage the use of treatment system for liquid effluents (Biodigestors, septic, pond, activated carbon trap) wastewater 5. Using containers or tanks to collect and classify solid waste on the farm 6. Signage on farms 7. Encourage the use of biodegradable materials in production processes Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros problemas del Cultivo específico

1. Development and implementation of plans and land use. 2. Encourage the payment for environmental services 3. Using alternative energy sources (solar, wind) 4. Selection of varieties resistant to pests and diseases

Crop/Cultivo: Beans / Granoss GCC BMP's/Mejores Practicas #

Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua 1. Shading to prevent water loss (A,D) 2. Use of harvested rain water (A,D,B) 3. Permaculture (A,B,D) 4. Selection of the correct irrigation type (A,C,D) 5. More direct irrigation (A,D) 6. Know the crop’s water needs (A,B,C,D) 7. Knowledge of crop variety selection (A,B,C,D) 8. Creating small semi moons to catch small amounts of water (esp. cowpea) (D) 9. Irrigation timing (A, E) 10. Drip irrigation (ALL)

Soil Fertility and fertilization/ Fertilidad y fertilización del suelo

1. Using grass as mulch to improve soil texture (none) 2. Marrying of two crops (B,E) 3. Using compost (none) 4. Using post harvest waste for soil refertilization (none) 5. Vermiculture (none) 6. Timing and amount of fertilizer (B,D) 7. Using sulfer in limited amounts (none) 8. Using trees for soil aeration (C,F) 9. Soil analysis for correct fertilization N/P/K (none) 10. Use of farm animal waste (manure) (none) 11. Use of bio char (none)

Soil Conservation / Conservación del suelo 1. Rotation of crops (E and due to increased erosion) 2. None/low tillage (erosion and C) 3. Planting grass on hillsides (Erosion and C) 4. Use contour lines with A frames (Erosion and C) 5. Animals used for post harvest consumption of waste (none) 6. Use a stable crop along borders and contour lines (erosion and C) 7. Place barriers to prevent soil movement/runoff (Erosion and C) 8. Design smart roads (Erosion and C) 9. Create hedge rows (Erosion, C,D,F) 10. Don’t grow beans in slopes greater than 35-40% (Erosion and C, F) 11. Control your irrigation systems to prevent runoff and erosion (Erosion B,C,D) 12. Apply fertilizers beneath the soil (D) 13. Select varieties that have expansive root systems (A,B,C,D) 14. Select varieties that create good nitrogen fixation nodules (none)

Pesticide Use / Uso de pesticidas • Bio control agents like wasps (A,E) • Use protective suits for spraying (Human health and E) • Use pheromones (E) • Create gaps in planting rows to hinder pests (A,E) • Look at natural pest control like NEEM (E) • Spray a light soap to prevent aphids (E) • Repellant crops (E) • Plant dummy non resistant varieties around edge of field (D,E,F) • Use chickens (E) • Keep natural predators (E) • When using improved varieties use some of the non improved varieties to attract pests away from the improved varieties (E) • Correct storage of pesticides (human health, E) • Basic safety and sanitation training (Human Health, E) • Training in use of pesticides (human health, E)

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos 1. Utilize animal rotation on farm (B,D,E) 2. Use living organisms in composting of animal waste (worms, black soldier fly) (none) 3. Use bean waste for nitrogen in soil (B) 4. Use bean waste to make energy (i.e. briquette or bio fuel) (A,B,C) 5. Burn waste and spread ashes (none) 6. Use bean waste for fodder (cows and goats) (A,B,D)

7. Teach farmers pruning techniques (B,C,D,F) 8. Compost bean waste (E) 9. Leave the roots in the soil after bean harvest (D,E)

Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros problemas del Cultivo Específico 1. Plan what you want to do with your farm before you do it 2. Business management training 3. Better labeling on pesticides/fertilizers 4. Simplification of bringing IPM and ICT to farmers 5. Use pictures to describe techniques to farmers 6. Low cost drying systems 7. Financial management training 8. Keeping records for risk mitigation and insurance

Crop/Cultivo: Cocoa

BMP's/Mejores Prácticas GCC #

Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua 1. Shading to prevent water loss (a,b, d) 2. Permaculture (a,d) 3. Increasing forest cover( a,d) 4. Education of water use and technologies( b,d) 5. Knowledge of crop water needs (b,d)

Soil Fertility / Fertilidad del suelo

1. Using compost (e,d) 2. Hedge rows to retain the soil fertility (d, f) 3. utilization of post harvest waste to increase soil fertility (e) 4. timing of fertilizer applications (e )

Soil Conservation / Conservación del suelo 1. Planting grass on hillsides to retain soil 2. planting on contours using a A-frame and a pendulum to find points of equal elevation 3. creating hedge rows 4. grow yams on a living poles

Fertilizer/Pesticide Use / Uso de fertilizantes y/o pesticidas 1. Grafting pest resistent cocoa into existing cacao 2. Repellant crops 3. Wood ash to stop ants

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos 1. Permaculture-running water continually through a system/recycling water 2. Explore alternative recycling practices 3. Teach farmers how to prune for increasing plant production

Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros Problemas del Cultivo Específico 1. Using pictures to show how to apply or show how to use fertilizer and pesticide. 2. Best management of invasive species/knowledge about what new crops or animals that you are introducing

BMP's/Mejores Prácticas GCC # Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua

1. Establishment of cover crops (forage peanut) B 2. Using ecological wet coffee benefited B,C 3. Reforestation A,B,C 4. No pesticide application near water sources _ 5. Liquid effluents treatment before being discharged _ Soil Fertility / Fertilidad del suelo 1. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological and leaf analysis E 2. Cover crop (forage peanut) D 3. Avoid fertilizing in times of continued drought D 4. Windbreak barrier property F 5. Training, technology transfer and monitoring. _ 6. Establishment of live and dead barriers B 7. Use cocoa husks and residues to prepare solid waste compost E

Soil Conservation / Conservación del suelo B B 1. Establishment of live and dead barriers _ 2. Contour planting, terrace B 3. Avoid the practice of slash and burn 4. Design and construction of appropriate covered slope protection B 5. Establishing mulch B 6. Stone gabions or walls to prevent landslides B 7. Deviation setting channels B 8. Windbreaks

Fertilizer/Pesticide Use / Uso de fertilizantes y/o pesticidas 1. Fertilization localized or directed 2. Use of organic manure (compost, bokashi, Vermicompost) 3. Encourage the use of farm waste to make organic fertilizer 4. Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological and leaf analysis E 5. Promote integrated pest management 6. Using slow release fertilizer 7. Pest monitoring

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos 1. Reduce, reuse and recycle plastic or non-biodegradable materials used in production 2. Encourage the use of organic waste from the farm to make organic fertilizer 3. Encourage the use of treatment system for liquid effluents (Biodigestores, septic, pond) wastewater 4. Using containers or tanks to collect and classify solid waste on the farm 5. Signage on farms 6. Encourage the use of biodegradable materials in production processes -

Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros Problemas del Cultivo Específico

Crop/Cultivo: Fruit Tress / Arboles Frutales

BMP's/Mejores Practicas GCC #

Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua

1. Construcción de reservorio para almacenamiento de agua (lluvia y otras fuentes) / Building storage reservoir for water (rain and other sources) d 2. No aplicación de agroquímicos próximos a las fuentes de agua / No pesticide application near water sources e 3. Capacitación e implementación Training and implementation 4. Establecimiento de sistema de riegos eficientes ( Goteo, microapersores, y mejorar el riego por gravedad, mantenimiento de los canales) Establishment of efficient irrigation system (Drip, microapersores, and improve surface irrigation, maintenance of the channels) b, d 5. Uso de materia orgánica en suelos agrícolas Use of organic matter in agricultural soils a, d, e 6. Establecimiento de cultivo de cobertura ( Maní forrajero) / Establishment of cover crops (forage peanut) a, c, e, d 7. Nivelación apropiada de suelo en terrenos agrícolas / Properly leveling soil on farm b, d 8. Monitorear la humedad del suelo para planificar los riegos / Monitor soil moisture for irrigation planning d 9. Uso de coberturas vivas y muertas / Using live and dead hedge a, d 10. Acondicionar canales de riego internos para reducir perdidas por infiltración Put internal irrigation canals to reduce seepage losses d

Soil Fertility / Fertilidad del suelo

1. Monitorear la fertilidad del suelo a través de físico, químico y biológico y análisis foliar / Monitor soil fertility through physical, chemical and biological and leaf analysis a, e 2. Incorporar materia orgánica ( Compost, bocashi , abono verde) / Incorporate organic matter (compost, bokashi, green manure) a,d 3. Cultivo de cobertura ( ej. Maní forrajero ) / Cover crop (eg forage peanut) d, f 4. Labranza mínima o labranza cero / Minimum tillage or zero tillage f 5. Establecimiento de barreras rompe viento / Windbreak barriers around property f 6. Usar fertilizante de liberación lenta para disminuir perdidas por lavado con las lluvias / Using slow release fertilizer to reduce losses by washing with rain a, c 7. Capacitación, transferencia de tecnología y seguimiento/ Training, technology transfer and monitoring. all 8. Establecimiento de barreras vivas y muertas / Establishment of live and dead barriers f Soil Conservation / Conservación de suelo

1. Establecimiento de barreras vivas y muertas / Establishment of live and dead barriers f 2. Siembra en curva de nivel, terraza / Contour planting, terrace B, c 3. Labranza mínima o cero / Minimum or zero tillage D, f 4. Construcción de drenajes adecuado ( Subterráneo y superficiales) / Construction of proper drainage (Underground and surface) B, c

7. Triple lavado de los envases de pesticidas / Triple washing pesticide containers e 8. Diseño y construcción apropiada de camino y protección de taludes con cobertura / (English) C 9. Fomentar el uso de riego por goteo / Encourage the use of drip irrigation d

Fertilizer/Pesticide Use / Uso de fertilizantes y/o pesticidas

1. Capacitación, transferencia de tecnología y seguimiento / Training, technology transfer and monitoring 2. Fertilización localizada o dirigida Fertirrigación Fertilization localized or directed Fertigation 3. Uso de abono orgánico ( Compost, bocashi, Lombricompost) / Use of organic manure (compost, bokashi, Vermicompost) 4. Uso de equipo de protección para la aplicación de pesticidas / Use protective equipment for pesticide application 5. Fomentar el uso de los desechos de la finca para preparar fertilizantes orgánicos / Encourage the use of farm waste to make organic fertilizer 6. Hacer análisis de suelo físico, químico y biológico, y análisis foliar / Make physical soil analysis, chemical and biological and leaf analysis 7. Promover el manejo integrado de plagas / Promote integrated pest management 8. Calibración apropiada de equipos / Proper calibration of equipment 9. Almacenamiento apropiado de agroquímicos Proper storage of chemicals 10. Uso de triple lavado y perforación de recipientes que contengan pesticidas / Using triple washing and drilling vessels containing pesticides 11. Uso de fertilizante de liberación lenta / Using slow release fertilizer 12. Monitoreo de plagas / Pest monitoring

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos

1. Capacitación, transferencia de tecnología y seguimiento / Training, technology transfer and monitoring 2. Reducir, reusar y reciclar los materiales plásticos o no biodegradables usados en la producción / Reduce, reuse and recycle plastic or non-biodegradable materials used in production 3. Fomentar el uso de los desechos orgánicos de la finca para preparar fertilizantes orgánicos / Encourage the use of organic waste from the farm to make organic fertilizer 4. Fomentar el uso de sistemas de tratamientos para los efluentes líquidos ( Biodigestores, pozo séptico, laguna ) de 32 aguas residuales / Encourage the use of treatment system for liquid effluents (Biodigestores, septic, pond) wastewater 5. Uso de recipientes o tanques para colectar y clasificar los desechos sólidos en la finca / Using containers or tanks to collect and classify solid waste on the farm 6. Señalización en las fincas / Signage on farms 7. Fomentar el uso de materiales biodegradables en los procesos productivos Encourage the use of biodegradable materials in production processes

Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros Problemas del Cultivo Específico Pruning C, f

Crop/Cultivo: Vegetables / Hortalizas

BMP's/Mejores Prácticas GCC #

Water Conservation / Conservación del Agua b, c, d, General best practices 1. Water harvesting/storage capacity ( b, c, d,) 1. Collection Tanks 2. Construction of reservoirs 3. Roof water collection units 4. Creating earthen dams between areas of different elevations which can be also used as aquaculture sites. These can also be used for irrigation for horticulture crops farther down the hills. 5. Utilize bigger water containment units (underground units) 6. Creating small depressions/semi moons/individual basin/micro basin to capture rain water for arid or semi arid lands 7. Trenching to retain water for later use

2. Irrigation practices (b, d) 1. Appropriate timing of irrigation (early or late in the day) 2. Drip irrigation measure water/know what you actually need 3. The use of gravity-feed irrigation systems 4. Use of drip emitters to improve irrigation under low flow conditions (self compensating) 5. Stabilize canals with vegetation, rock, cement, etc. 6. Canal rehabilitation and upgrading water flow/use efficiency

3. Controlled environments (Green house, aquaponics, permaculture, shade house) • Mesh over plants to prevent water loss/evaporation (preferably white mesh) • Aquaponics for continuous water recycling • Use of harvested water that can be reused • Adding in water crops (lillies, water cress, duckweed) into water with high nitrite levels • Ensure that the design of irrigation and water storage systems are deeper and with less surface area

4. Monitoring • Monitoring water use of irrigation systems 33

• Monitoring the amount of water for irrigation • Evaluating water quality to decrease potential pollutants (PH tests, chemical level, etc.) • Monitoring the soil humidity to plan for what type of irrigation system is needed, when to irrigate and how much water is needed • Monitor irrigation water runoff for potential pollutants

5. Maintenance • Checking irrigation system for leaks Training / Education • Education of water use and technologies • Education of the value of water (create an understanding of the importance of water and the actual cost) • Education of water policies • Provide knowledge of crop specific water needs

Soil Fertility / Fertilidad de suelo

Soil Conservation / Conservación de suelo

Fertilizer/Pesticide Use / Uso de fertilizantes y/o pesticidas

Waste Mangement / Manejo de Desechos

Others Crop Specific Issues / Otros Asuntos Especificos del Cultivo

Annex 6

Evaluation Summary (Note: 1=Unsatisfactory 5=Excellent )

Average out of 5 being the Evaluation Categories highest

4.59 Technical Sessions

Case Studies. • Dominican Republic • Jamaica • Haiti 4.47 • Dominica 3.71 Translations

4.35 Field Visits

4.50 Logistics

4.55 Methodology Quality

Usefulness of subject matter for your organization 4.64

4.64 Quality of the information presented

Level of Satisfaction with the hotel, room and food 3.73

Level of satisfaction with the workshop organization 4.59

Other Commentaries:

The following are some of the comments from the workshop participants.

Positive: • “This workshop was excellent we learned a lot, we shared information that was useful and full of knowledge” • “Case studies were the most valuable part of the conference.” • “Overall travel pickup and reservations were well work out.” • “It was great to share our practices with the other countries.” 35

• “The technical sessions were very instructive.” • “Magnificent opportunity for interchange. You should continue with these types of workshops.” • “Technical Presentations – ample technical depth”

Recommendation for improvement: • “Every participant should have presented in their original language.” • “In the future it would be great to invite at least one member of the ministry of agriculture from each country and also permit better communication by having a translation service.” • “I would have liked additional technical crop experts to have been presented.” • “Make sure that case studies are not too simplistic…” • “Less sessions but more time” • “Professional translation ear pieces are worth the cost.”

NOTE: Professional translation was not available due to budget financial constraints. The workshop did have volunteer translators lined up but unfortunately they had to back out at the last minute. It is noted that for future workshops, professional translation with headsets are important when conducting workshops with participants from various countries with different languages.

Annex 7

Participants’ List

Num Participants Institution Position Telephone E-mail Ministerio de 1 Digna Zorrilla Subdirectora Agricultura 809-910-4170 [email protected]

Ayuntamiento - 2 Andres Brea Encargado UGAM 809-574-2777 [email protected] Jarabacoa

Water Funds (809) 541-7666 3 Ing. Erick Conde TNC Specialist ext. 107 [email protected]

4 Francisco Borbón Coop. Zafarraya Director Técnico 829-566-5222 [email protected]

Environmental 5 Sharon Gulick USAID/Jamaica 876-383-8903 [email protected] Officer

6 Paul Barrett INMED Project Director 876-419-3666 [email protected] Environmental Agricultural 7 Dwight Forrester Health 876-840-4631 [email protected] Extension Officer Foundation (EHF)

8 John Atis WINNER Director Regional (509) 37 02 88 34 [email protected]

Marie Pascale 9 WINNER Regional Director (509) 37 02 88 91 [email protected] François

10 Rose Bertilde Estimé WINNER (509) 36 32 99 70 [email protected]

11 Yves Gossin FTFP-N Team Leader (509)36 68 42 84 [email protected] Staple Crops 12 Mathias Fils-Aimé FTFP-N (509)38 14 60 20 [email protected] Specialist DOAM – 767-245- Dominica Organic 13 Irvin C Durand Marketing 5900/616- [email protected] Agriculture 7669/614-7897 Movement Bureau Environment Officer-Latin 14 Victor Bullen USAID 202-712-4634 [email protected] America and Caribbean (BEO/LAC) Mission

15 Odalis Perez USAID Environment Officer 809-731-7006 [email protected] (MEO) Regional 809-731-7012 Environment 16 Joe Torres USAID 809-754-1080 [email protected] Adivsor-Caribbean (cell) (REA-Caribbean)

202-712-5926

17 Steven Long USAID Analyst (cell) 703-470- [email protected] 8427

18 Moffatt K. Ngugi USAID USDA/FAS 202-712-0476 [email protected]

19 Rob Clausen USAID/Haiti [email protected] 20 Alexandria Panehal USAID/DR Directora 809-731-7000 [email protected]

21 Margie Bauer USDA [email protected]

International Cooperation US Forest Service International 22 Gerald Bauer Asesor Téncico 829-844-1952 [email protected] Institute of Tropical Forestry Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico

23 Bienvenida Bauer USF Voluntaria 829-844-1959 [email protected] Consultor 24 Gustavo Gandini 809-861-5141 Agricultura Orgánica [email protected]

25 Héctor Jimenez CCJ (849) 803-5227/

(809) 574-6487 [email protected] Consultor 809-760-4018/ 26 Ezequiel Echevarria Consultor Agrícola-Forestal 809-616-0463 [email protected] Fausto Gómez Director programa 27 Pronatura [email protected] Pezzotti Menos CO2 809-687-5609

28 Michela Izzo Guakia Ambiente 809-995-7240 [email protected]

29 Tomás Montero REDDOM Coordinado Clúster 809-338-0887 [email protected]

30 Pilar Ramírez REDDOM 809-338-0887 [email protected]

31 Jesús de los Santos REDDOM 809-338-0887 [email protected] 809-338-0887 / 32 Juan Aracena REDDOM [email protected] 809-350-0694

33 Luis Tolentino REDDOM ENR 809-338-0887 [email protected] Gerente de 34 Manny Hallal REDDOM 809-338-0887 [email protected] Operaciones

35 Scott Solberg SMTN Director 593-2-2922625 [email protected]

36 Steven Temple SMTN [email protected]

37 Andrew Duffy SMTN Facilitador [email protected]

38 Patty Ugarte SMTN Asistente Ejecutiva 593-2-2922625 [email protected] 39 Inocencio Garcia MEPyD

40 Julio Borbon OEP/MA-BID Coordinador 809-722-8674 [email protected]

41 Jesus Murillo Vivero/Frutales Responsable 809-250-4584 [email protected]