Lighting Devices in the National Reference Collection, English
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Aids to Survival
WA POLICE ACADEMY COMMAND & LAND OPERATIONS UNIT AIDS TO SURVIVAL AIDS TO SURVIVAL Twenty Second Edition [First Issued 1979] June 2002 This book is a Western Australia Police Academy Publication and is available free of charge to individuals from their local Police Station. Organisations or groups requiring larger quantities can access and download this publication from our website [www.police.wa.gov.au]. The book is offered as an ongoing service in the interest of community safety. The contents are not subject to copyright and there are no restrictions on copying in any form by interested individuals and groups. In keeping with the mission of the Western Australia Police Service to work in partnership with the community to create a safer and more secure Western Australia by providing quality police services the Command & Land Operations Unit at the Western Australia Police Academy invite comments, affirmations and suggestions for possible inclusion in future editions in an endeavour to improve this publication. Comments may be forwarded to the Command & Land Operations Unit at the Western Australia Police Academy. A copy of this publication has been deposited in the Australian National Library. ISBN: 0-646-36303-4 2 AIDS TO SURVIVAL Introduction This Western Australia Police Academy publication was initially written and compiled by Sergeant Bert O’Meagher APM, Officer In Charge, Command & Land Operations Unit at the Western Australia Police Academy in collaboration with First Class Constable Dennis Reid and Dr Ross Harvey MBBS Dobst RCOG. The Command & Land Operations Unit was introduced to provide members of the Western Australia Police Service with the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out their duties in outback Western Australia and to enable them to co-ordinate or participate in emergency operations and advise on outback safety. -
Roman Lamps Amy Nicholas, ‘11
Roman Lamps Amy Nicholas, ‘11 The University of Richmond’s Ancient World Gallery contains six ancient Roman lamps. One was donated to the Richmond College Museum in 1885 by Colonel J. L. M. Curry, Confederate soldier and congressman, U.S. Minister to Spain, Trustee of Richmond College, and an ardent collector. Another was donated to the Ancient World Gallery in 1980 from the estate of Mae Keller, the first dean of Westhampton College. In 2008, Gertrude Howland donated a Late Roman lamp which she had acquired while traveling in Jordan in 1963. The others probably come from the original collection of the Richmond College Museum, but their donors are unknown. From various time periods and locations, these objects have come together to form a small, but diverse collection of ancient Roman lamps that exemplify a variety of shapes, sizes, and decorations. Oil lamps, some of the most common household items of the ancient world, were used as early as the Stone Age. Usually made of stone or clay, they were the main source of light in ancient times. Indoors, they provided general lighting throughout the household and also in workshops and enterprises. Lamps were also used outdoors at games or religious festivals and have even been found in mass quantities along streets and above doors, where they must have provided street lighting. Used in temples, they served as both sanctuary decoration and votive offerings to gods and goddesses. The main sources of lamps in modern collections, however, are from tombs. As early as the 3rd millennium BCE, lamps were placed in tombs along with other pottery and jewelry. -
Intro to Light Fixtures
Intro to Light Fixtures IN THE BEGINNING PRIMITIVE LAMPS - (c 13,000 BC to 3,000 BC) Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave. These lamps, made from naturally occurring materials, such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. In the ancient civilizations of Babylonian and Egypt, light was a luxury. The Arabian Nights were far from the brilliance of today. The palaces of the wealthy were lighted only by flickering flames of simple oil lamps. These were usually in the form of small open bowls with a lip or spout to hold the wick. Animal fats, fish oils or vegetable oils (palm and olive) furnished the fuels. Early Developments Early Developments Rush lights: Candles: Tall, grass-like plant dipped in fat Most expensive candles made of beeswax Most common in churches and homes of nobility Snuffers cut the wick while maintaining the flame Early Developments Early Developments New Developments There was a need to improve the light several ways: 1. The need for a constant flame, which could me left unattended for a longer period of time 2. Decrease heat and smoke for interior use 3. To increase the light output 4. An easier way to replenish the source….thus, the development of gas and electricity 5. Produce light with little waste or conserve energy Page 1 Intro to Light Fixtures Industrial Revolution - Europe Gas lamps developed: London well known for gas lamps Argand Lamp Eiffel Tower (1889) originally used gas lamps The Argand burner, which was introduced in 1784 by the Swiss inventor Argand, was a major improvement in brightness compared to traditional open-flame oil lamps. -
Confidential Ssociates a History of Energy Part I
Winter 2014 Luthin Confidential ssociates A History of Energy Part I History of Lighting - Part 1 It wasn’t until the late In the early 1800s, gas M el Brooks’ 2000- 1700’s that European light (initially at less than Inside this issue: year old man used oil lamps (at ~0.3 lu- 1 lumen/watt), used coal torches in his cave, but mens/watt) became gas or natural gas from History of Lighting Part 1 1 today’s lighting is a tad widely available and mines or wells, and was more sophisticated, accepted due to im- relatively common in ur- How to Become A Producer 2 having gone through provements in design ban England. Its use ex- half a dozen stages, and the whaling indus- panded rapidly after the Can Spaceballs Be Shot Out 3 each producing more try’s ability to produce development of the incan- of Earth Tubes? light out of less energy sperm oil. That refined descent gas mantle around i.e., efficacy, than its product burned cleanly, 1890. That device more High (Voltage) Anxiety 3 predecessor. didn’t smell too bad, than doubled the efficacy and was relatively (to 2 lumens/watt) of gas On A Personal Note 4 Torches made of moss cheap compared to lighting, using a filament and animal fat, and commercially-made containing thorium and and the power industry adopted crude oil lamps were candles. cerium, which converted it as a standard. During this the mainstay for indoor more of the gas flame’s period, Nikola Tesla, and oth- lighting until the pro- The Industrial Revolu- heat into white light. -
Abstracts-Booklet-Lamp-Symposium-1
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses XI Ancient terracotta lamps from Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean to Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond. Comparative lychnological studies in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire and peripheral areas. An international symposium May 16-17, 2019 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Laurent Chrzanovski Last update: 20/05/2019. Izmir, 2019 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium Logo illustration: An early Byzantine terracotta lamp from Alata in Cilicia; museum of Mersin (B. Gürler, 2004). 1 This symposium is dedicated to Professor Hugo Thoen (Ghent / Deinze) who contributed to Anatolian archaeology with his excavations in Pessinus. 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to the ancient lychnological studies in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the symposium...................................6-12. Program of the international symposium on ancient lamps in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond..........................................................................................................................................12-15. Abstracts……………………………………...................................................................................16-67. Constantin -
Seal Oil Lamp Coloring Sheet Activity
UAMN Virtual Early Explorers: Light Seal Oil Lamp Coloring Sheet Discover a historical way to light homes during Arctic winter nights! In the Arctic, people have used seal oil lamps to light their homes for thousands of years. These lamps are made in a variety of shapes. Color the inside of the lamp to “fill” it with oil. Then draw a wick and a bright flame! This lamp has a crack! When this happened, people would repair the lamp so they could keep using it. Drawings from Walter Hough, The Lamp of the Eskimo, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898: Plates 12, 14, 15, 18. UAMN Virtual Early Explorers: Light Seal Oil Lamps Seal oil lamps are important in many Arctic cultures, including the Iñupiat, Yup’ik, Inuit, and Unangan (Aleut) peoples. They were essential for survival in the winter, as the lamps provided light, warmed the home, melted water, and even helped cook food. A seal oil lamp could be the most important object in the home! Right: Sophie Nothstine tends a lamp at the 2019 World Eskimo Indian Olympics. Photo from WEIO. Left: Siberian Yup'ik Lamp from St Lawrence Island, UA2001-005- 0019. Right: Lamp from King Salmon, UA2015-016- 0003. Seal oil lamps were usually made of soapstone, a stone that can be carved and is very resistant to heat. They were sometimes made of pottery or other kinds of stone. Seal oil lamps are made in different shapes and designs to help burn the wick and make the best light possible. The lamp was then filled with oil or fat. -
!History of Lightingv2.Qxd
CONTENTS Introduction 3 The role of lighting in modern society 3 1. The oldest light sources 4 Before the advent of the lamp 4 The oldest lamps 4 Candles and torches 5 Further development of the oil lamp 6 2. Gaslight 9 Introduction 9 Early history 9 Gas production 10 Gaslight burners 10 The gas mantle 11 3. Electric lighting before the incandescent lamp 14 Introduction 14 Principle of the arc lamp 15 Further development of the arc lamp 16 Applications of the arc lamp 17 4. The incandescent lamp 20 The forerunners 20 The birth of the carbon-filament lamp 22 Further development of the carbon-filament lamp 25 Early metal-filament lamps 27 The Nernst lamp 28 The birth of the tungsten-filament lamp 29 Drawn tungsten filaments 30 Coiled filaments 30 The halogen incandescent lamp 31 5. Discharge lamps 32 Introduction 32 The beginning 32 High-voltage lamps 33 Early low-pressure mercury lamps 34 The fluorescent lamp 35 High-pressure mercury lamps 36 Sodium lamps 37 The xenon lamp 38 6. Electricity production and distribution 39 Introduction 39 Influence machines and batteries 39 Magneto-electric generators 40 Self-exciting generators 41 The oldest public electricity supply systems 41 The battle of systems 42 The advent of modern a.c. networks 43 The History of Light and Lighting While the lighting industry is generally recognized as being born in 1879 with the introduction of Thomas Alva Edison’s incandescent light bulb, the real story of light begins thousands of years earlier. This brochure was developed to provide an extensive look at one of the most important inventions in mankind’s history: artificial lighting. -
Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot
Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot by Lulu Ma, B. S. A Dissertation In Chemistry Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy Approved Jonathan E. Thompson Chair of Committee Dimitri Pappas Carol L. Korzeniewski Dominick Casadonte Interim Dean of the Graduate School August, 2013 Copyright 2013, Lulu Ma Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Thompson for his guidance and encouragement throughout the past 4 years in Texas Tech University. His profound knowledge, diligence and patience encouraged me and has setup a great example for me in the future. I also thank to Dr. Pappas and Dr. Korzeniewski for their help and for taking time as my committee members. I also would like to thank Dr. Ted Zobeck for his help on soil dust measurements and soil sample collection and also Dr. P. Buseck and his lab for TEM analysis. My group members: Hao Tang, Fang Qian, Kathy Dial, Haley Redmond, Yiyi Wei, Tingting Cao, and Qing Zhang, also helped me a lot in both daily life, and research. At last, I would like to thank my parents and friends for their love and continuous encouragement and support. ii Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………….ii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………..vi LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………….viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………..………………ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………….………………xi I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to Atmospheric Aerosols. ................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Natural Sources ............................................................................................. -
Ignition Probability in Ponderosa Pine Needles and Decayed Douglas Fir Wood
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1966 Ignition probability in ponderosa pine needles and decayed Douglas fir wood Robert E. Burgan The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Burgan, Robert E., "Ignition probability in ponderosa pine needles and decayed Douglas fir wood" (1966). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2638. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2638 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IGNITION PROBABILITY IN PONDEROSA PINE NEEDIÆS AND DECAYED DOUGLAS FIR WOOD by ROBERT EDWARD BURGAN B.S.F. University of Montana, I963 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Forestry UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1966 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean/ Graduate School JUN 2 1966 Date UMI Number: EP36063 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT 0)M «tatlon PuUiahing UMI EP36063 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). -
Commentary Kerosene-Based Lighting: an Overlooked Source of Exposure to Household Air Pollution?
Feature: Air quality challenges in low-income settlements Commentary Kerosene-based lighting: an overlooked source of exposure to household air pollution? Ariadna Curto 1,2,3, Cathryn Tonne 1,2,3 1Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain 2Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8420 Access to affordable, reliable, modern and sustainable energy is prolonged periods, resulting in high levels of inhaled pollutants one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set (i.e. more mass inhaled per mass emitted). An experimental by the United Nations for 2030. However, estimates indicate that study in Kenya estimated that night kiosk vendors can inhale progress towards that goal is not on track: 650 million people 1560 µg of fine particles per day emitted by kerosene lamps worldwide are estimated to remain without access to electricity alone (Apple et al., 2010). Relatively few studies have attempted in 2030 (IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO, 2019). Nine out of ten of to quantify the contribution of kerosene-based lighting to these people will live in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), mostly in rural particle exposure in populations in SSA. We previously reported communities, which face barriers in terms of affordability and that kerosene-based lighting was the strongest determinant supply. of 24-h average and peak personal exposure to black carbon among women living in a semi-rural area of Mozambique (Curto Without access to affordable and reliable clean energy to et al., 2019). Women who used kerosene as the primary source meet daily cooking, lighting, and heating needs, individuals of lighting had 81% and 93% higher average and peak personal rely on inefficient fuels and technologies that give rise to black carbon exposure, respectively, than those using electricity. -
Rushlight Index 1980-2006
Rushlight Cumulative Index, 1980 – 2006 Vol. 46 – 72 (Pages 2305 – 3951) Part 1: Subject Index Page 2 Part 2: Author Index Page 21 Part 3: Illustration Index Page 25 Notes: The following conventions are used in this index: a slash (/) after the page number indicates the item is an illustration with little or no text. MA before an entry indicates a notice of a magazine article; BR indicates a book review. Please note that if issues were mispaginated, the corrected page numbers are used in this index. The following chart lists the range of pages in each volume of the Rushlight covered by this index. Volume Range of Pages Volume Range of Pages 46 (1980) 2305-2355 60 (1994) 3139-3202 47 (1981) 2356-2406a 61 (1995) 3203-3261 48 (1982) 2406b-2465 62 (1996) 3262-3312 49 (1983) 2465a-2524 63 (1997) 3313-3386 50 (1984) 2524a-2592 64 (1998) 3387-3434 51 (1985) 2593-2679 65 (1999) 3435-3512 52 (1986) 2680-2752 66 (2000) 3513-3569 53 (1987) 2753-2803 67 (2001) 3570-3620 54 (1988) 2804-2851 68 (2002) 3621-3687 55 (1989) 2852-2909 69 (2003) 3688-3745 56 (1990) 2910-2974 70 (2004) 3746-3815 57 (1991) 2974a-3032 71 (2005) 3816-3893 58 (1992) 3033-3083 72 (2006) 3894-3951 59 (1993) 3084-3138 1 Rushlight Subject Index Subject Page Andrews' burning fluid vapor lamps 3400-05 Abraham Gesner: Father of Kerosene 2543-47 Andrews patent vapor burner 3359/ Accessories for decorating lamps 2924 Andrews safety lamp, award refused 3774 Acetylene bicycle lamps, sandwich style 3071-79 Andrews, Solomon, 1831 gas generator 3401 Acetylene bicycle lamps, Solar 2993-3004 -
Humphry Davy and the Arc Light
REMAKING HISTORY By William Gurstelle Humphry Davy and the Arc Light » Thomas Edison did not invent the first electric BRILLIANT light.* More than 70 years before Edison’s 1879 MISTAKES: Humphry Davy, incandescent lamp patent, the English scientist chemist, inventor, Humphry Davy developed a technique for produc- and philosopher: ing controlled light from electricity. “I have learned Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829) was one of the more from my failures than from giants of 19th-century science. A fellow of the my successes.” prestigious Royal Society, Davy is credited with discovering, and first isolating, elemental sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, barium, and strontium. A pioneer in electrochemistry, he appeared between the electrode tips, Davy had to also developed the first medical use of nitrous oxide separate the carbon electrodes slightly and care- and invented the miner’s safety lamp. The safety fully in order to sustain the continuous, bright arc lamp alone is directly responsible for saving of electricity. Once that was accomplished, he found hundreds, if not thousands, of miners’ lives. the device could sustain the arc for long periods, But it is his invention of the arc lamp for which we even as the carbon rods were consumed in the heat remember him here. Davy’s artificial electric light of the process. consisted of two carbon rods, made from wood Davy’s arc lamp of 1807 was not economically charcoal, connected to the terminals of an enormous practical until the cost of producing a 50V-or-so collection of voltaic cells. (In Davy’s day, thousands power supply became reasonable.