DOCSLIB.ORG

Galling Arthropods and Their Associates Ecology and Evolution K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

K. Ozaki, J. Yukawa, T. Ohgushi, RW. Price (Eds.) Galling Arthropods and Their Associates Ecology and Evolution K. Ozaki, J. Yukawa, T. Ohgushi, P. W. Price (Eds.) Galling Arthropods and Their Associates Ecology and Evolution With 68 Figures Springer Kenichi Ozaki, Ph.D. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan Junichi Yukawa, D.Agr. Former Director Kyushu University Museum 1-5-12 Matsuzaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0035, Japan Takayuki Ohgushi, Ph.D. Professor Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University 2 Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan Peter W. Price, Ph.D. Regents' Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, Arizona 86011-5640, USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2006921176 ISBN-10 4-431-32184-5 Springer-Verlag Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-4-431-32184-2 Springer-Verlag Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.conn © Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2006 Printed in Japan Typesetting: Camera-ready by the editors and authors Printing and binding: Nikkei Printing Inc., Japan Printed on acid-free paper Preface This book is the result of an international symposium on gall-inducing arthropods, which was held September 5-9, 2005, in Kyoto, Japan. It was organized as the 4th international symposium on gall-inducing insects and as the symposium of the In­ ternational Union of Forestry Research Organizations (lUFRO) working group, 7.03.02, Gall-Inducing Insects. The book addresses recent developments in the ecology, evolution, systematics, physiology, and biodiversity of gall-inducing arthropods, with individual contri­ butions ranging in scope from detailed descriptions to profoundly synthetic stud­ ies. One underlying theme of the book is the various impacts of gall induction that indirectly affect insect communities on the host plant. The other important contri­ bution is the highly intricate and dynamic interactions between galling arthropods and their uniquely specialized host plants. Included also are chapters that discuss biodiversity and distribution patterns of gall-inducing arthropods, and biological control of invasive gall-inducing arthropods and of invasive trees. We believe that this book makes an important contribution to the knowledge of galling arthropods and their associates and to the development of robust, general principles of the ecology and evolution of these organisms. We gratefully acknowledge the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations Japan (lUFRO-J), and the 21st Century COE Programs, Kyoto University (Formation of a Strategic Base for the Multidisciplinary Study of Biodiversity, and Innovative Food and Environmental Studies Pioneered by Entomomimetic Sciences), for generous financial support. We also acknowledge the following colleagues who reviewed chapters of the book: Robert Anderson, Joseph Bailey, Randy Bangert, Daniel Burckhardt, Jonathan Brown, Tim Craig, Luc De Bruyn, Paul Dykstra, Phil Fay, Ray Gagne, Keith Harris, Moshe Inbar, Masato Ito, Kaoru Maeto, Masahiro Nakamura, Dan Quiring, Heikki Roininen, Ei'ichi Shibata, Joseph Shorthouse, Graham Stone, Ken Tabuchi, Koichi Tanaka, and Gina Wimp. Masato Ito and Ken Tabuchi took on the role of editing each chapter for consistency in style. Nami Uechi provided pictures for the cover. The editors also wish to thank all the par­ ticipants of the symposium, whose penetrating and spirited contributions helped make this scientific exchange highly worthwhile. Kenichi Ozaki Junichi Yukawa Takayuki Ohgushi Peter W. Price Sapporo, Japan, January 2006 Contents Preface V Contributors XI 1. Biodiversity and Community Structure 1. Latitudinal and Altitudinal Patterns in Species Richness and Mortality Factors of the Galling Sawflies on Salix Species in Japan Heikki Roininen, Takayuki Ohgushi, Alexei Zinovjev, Risto Virtanen, Veli Vikberg, Kotaro Matsushita, Masahiro Nakamura, Peter W. Price, and Timo O. Veteli 3 2. Species Richness of Eriophyid Mites on Finnish Trees and Shrubs Pekka Niemela, Heikki Roininen, Henri Vanhanen, and Timo O. Veteli 21 3. Diversity, Biology, and Nutritional Adaptation of Psyllids and their Galls in Taiwan Man-Miao Yang, Ling-Hsiu Liao, Mei-Fiang Lou, Wei-Chung Chen, Shih Shu Huang, Gene-Sheng Tung, Yu-Chu Weng, and Chia-Chi Shen 33 4. Trophic Shift in <5^^N and ^*^C through Galling Arthropod Communities: Estimates from Quercus turbinella and Salix exigua Christopher T. Yames and William J. Boecklen 43 5. Temporal Variation in the Structure of a Gall Wasp Assemblage along a Genetic Cline of Quercus crispula (Fagaceae) Masato Ito 55 6. Effects of Floods on the Survival and Species Component of Rhopalomyia Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated with Artemisia princeps (Asteraceae) Growing in a Dry Riverbed in Japan Tomoko Ganaha, Nami Uechi, Machiko Nohara, Junichi Yukawa, and Yukihiro Shimatani 67 7. Guild Structure of Gall Midges on Fagus crenata in Relation to Snow Gradient: Present Status and Prediction of Future Status as a Result of Global Warming Naoto Kamata, Shinsuke Sato, and Jiro Kodani 79 VII VIII 2. Biological Control and Galling Arthropods 8. Early Parasitoid Recruitment in Invading Cynipid Galls Karsten Schonrogge, Seiichi Moriya, George Melika, Zoe Randle, Tracey Begg, Alexandre Aebi, and Graham N. Stone 91 9. Parasitoid Recruitment to the Globally Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Alexandre Aebi, Karsten Schonrogge, George Melika, Alberto Alma, Giovanni Bosio, Ambra Quacchia, Luca Picciau, Yoshihisa Abe, Seiichi Moriya, Kaori Yara, Gabrijel Seljak, and Graham N. Stone 103 10. Cynipid Gall Wasps in Declining Black Oak in New York: Relationships with Prior Tree History and Crown Dieback Carolyn C. Pike, Daniel J. Robison, and Lawrence P. Abrahamson 123 11. Gall-forming Cecidomyiidae from Acacias: Can New Parasitoid Assemblages be Predicted? Robin J. Adair and Ottilie C. Neser 133 12. Recent Outbreaks of the Maize Orange Leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata Inducing Gall-like Structures on Maize in Japan Masaya Matsumura, Makoto Tokuda, andNobuyuki Endo 149 3. Galling Arthropods - Plant Interactions 13. Different Oviposition Strategies in Two Closely Related Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Aggregation versus Risk Spreading Ken Tabuchi and Hiroshi Amano 161 14. A Protective Mechanism in the Host Plant, y4i/cii^a, against Oviposition by the Fruit Gall M\dg(^^ Asphondylia aucubae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Kensuke Imai 169 15. Genetic Variation in the Timing of Larval Mortality and Plant Tissue Responses Associated with Tree Resistance against Galling Adelgids Kenichi Ozaki and Yasuaki Sakamoto 177 IX 16. Variable Effects of Plant Module Size on Abundance and Performance of Galling Insects Dan Quiring, Leah Flaherty, Rob Johns, and Andrew Morrison 189 17. Biology and Life History of the Bamboo Gall Maker, Aiolomorphus rhopaloides Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Ei'ichi Shibata 199 18. Effects of Host-tree Traits on the Species Composition and Density of Galling Insects on Two Oak Species, Quercus crispula and Quercus serrata (Fagaceae) Noriyuki Ikai and Naoki Hijii 209 4. Indirect Effects of Galling Arthropods 19. Positive Indirect Effects of Biotic- and Abiotic-mediated Changes in Plant Traits on Herbivory Masahiro Nakamura 219 20. Deer Browsing on Dwarf Bamboo Affects the Interspecies Relationships among the Parasitoids Associated with a Gall Midge Akira Ueda, Teruaki Hino, and Ken Tabuchi 229 21. Influence of the Population Dynamics of a Gall-inducing Cecidomyiid and Its Parasitoids on the Abundance of a Successor, Lasioptera yadokariae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Junichi Yukawa, Shigekazu Haitsuka, Katsuhiko Miyaji, and Takahiro Kamikado 241 5. Evolution and Taxonomy 22. Evolution of Wing Pigmentation Patterns in a Tephritid Gallmaker: Divergence and Hybridization Jonathan M. Brown and Idelle Cooper 253 23. The Evolution of Gall Traits in the Fordinae (Homoptera) Moshelnbar 265 24. Life History Patterns and Host Ranges of the Genus Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Nami Uechi and Junichi Yukawa 275 X 25. Taxonomic Status of the Genus Trichagalma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with Description of the Bisexual Generation YoshihisaAbe 287 26. Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Wagnerinus Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Associated with Galls Induced by Asphondylia baca Monzen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Toshihide Kato, Hiraku Yoshitake, and Motomi Ito 297 Key Word Index 307 Contributors Yoshihisa Abe, Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Agricul­ ture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan Lawrence P. Abrahamson, State University of New York's College of Environ­ mental Science and Forestry, 241 Illick Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Robin J. Adair, Department of Primary Industries, Primary Industries Research Victoria, PO Box 48, Frankston 3199, Australia Alexandre Aebi, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The Kings Buildings,
Recommended publications
  • Willows of Interior Alaska

    Willows of Interior Alaska

    1 Willows of Interior Alaska Dominique M. Collet US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 2 Willows of Interior Alaska Acknowledgements The development of this willow guide has been made possible thanks to funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge - order 70181-12-M692. Funding for printing was made available through a collaborative partnership of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Defense; Pacific North- west Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture; National Park Service, and Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The data for the distribution maps were provided by George Argus, Al Batten, Garry Davies, Rob deVelice, and Carolyn Parker. Carol Griswold, George Argus, Les Viereck and Delia Person provided much improvement to the manuscript by their careful editing and suggestions. I want to thank Delia Person, of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, for initiating and following through with the development and printing of this guide. Most of all, I am especially grateful to Pamela Houston whose support made the writing of this guide possible. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author. Disclaimer This publication is designed to provide accurate information on willows from interior Alaska. If expert knowledge is required, services of an experienced botanist should be sought. Contents
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
  • Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea

    Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea

    New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea A. Haris & B. Zsolnai Haris, A. & B. Zsolnai. New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (7), 8.vi.2007: 137-147, fi gs. 1-18.— ISSN 0024-0672. Attila Haris, H-8142 Urhida, Petöfi u. 103, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Balázs Zsolnai, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service of County Fejér, H-2481, Velence, Ország u. 23, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Hymenoptera; Symphyta; Tenthredinidae; Pristiphora; Pachynematus; Pontania; Euura; Japan; Korea; new species. Seven new species of Nematinae (Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea are described: Pachynematus hirowatari spec. nov, P. hayachinensis spec. nov., Pristiphora nigrocoreana spec. nov, P. issikii spec. nov., P. shinoharai spec. nov, Pontania nipponica spec. nov. and Euura soboensis spec. nov. Pristiphora punctifrons (Thomson, 1871) is new record for Japan. Introduction Matsumura (1912) was the fi rst to study intensively the sawfl y fauna of Japan. However, the Nematinae sawfl ies are a group that has been neglected and its species are still poorly known. As a comparison, 116 Nematinae species occur in the post-Trianon Hungary (93,000 mi2) (Haris, 2001), yet only 94 species are recorded from Japan (377,835 mi2). In this paper, I add eight species to the Japanese and Korean fauna, seven of which are new and one is new record. A revision of the Nematinae of Japan and the Far East will be published in a separate paper. The material studied is mainly in the Takeuchi collection deposited in the Univer- sity of Osaka Prefecture; one species is described from the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.
  • Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories

    Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories

    PATHWAYS ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE PLANTS AND INSECTS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Project PM 005529 NatureServe Canada K.W. Neatby Bldg 906 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6 Prepared by Eric Snyder and Marilyn Anions NatureServe Canada for The Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Wildlife Division, Government of the Northwest Territories March 31, 2008 Citation: Snyder, E. and Anions, M. 2008. Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories. Report for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Government of the Northwest Territories. Project No: PM 005529 28 pages, 5 Appendices. Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories i NatureServe Canada Acknowledgements NatureServe Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, would like to acknowledge the contributions of all those who supplied information during the production of this document. Canada : Eric Allen (Canadian Forest Service), Lorna Allen (Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre, Alberta Community Development, Parks & Protected Areas Division), Bruce Bennett (Yukon Department of Environment), Rhonda Batchelor (Northwest Territories, Transportation), Cristine Bayly (Ecology North listserve), Terri-Ann Bugg (Northwest Territories, Transportation), Doug Campbell (Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre), Suzanne Carrière (Northwest Territories, Environment & Natural Resources), Bill Carpenter (Moraine Point Lodge, Northwest
  • Notes on the Natural History of Juneau, Alaska

    Notes on the Natural History of Juneau, Alaska

    Notes on the Natural History of Juneau, Alaska Observations of an Eclectic Naturalist Volume 2 Animals L. Scott Ranger Working version of Jul. 8, 2020 A Natural History of Juneau, working version of Jul. 8, 2020 Juneau Digital Shaded-Relief Image of Alaska-USGS I-2585, In the Public Domain Natural History of Juneau, working version of Jul. 8, 2020 B Notes on the Natural History of Juneau, Alaska Observations of an Eclectic Naturalist Volume 2: Animals L. Scott Ranger www.scottranger.com, [email protected] Production Notes This is very much a work under construction. My notes are composed in Adobe InDesign which allows incredible precision of all the elements of page layout. My choice of typefaces is very specific. Each must include a complete set of glyphs and extended characters. For my etymologies the font must include an easily recognized Greek and the occasional Cyrillic and Hebrew. All must be legible and easily read at 10 points. Adobe Garamond Premier Pro is my specifically chosen text typeface. I find this Robert Slimbach 1989 revision of a typeface created by Claude Garamond (c. 1480–1561) to be at once fresh and classic. Long recognized as one of the more legible typefaces, I find it very easy on the eye at the 10 point size used here. I simply adore the open bowls of the lower case letters and find the very small counters of my preferred two- storied “a” and the “e” against its very open bowl elegant. Garamond’s ascenders and decenders are especially long and help define the lower case letters with instant recognition.
  • Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H

    Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H

    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4.
  • On the Taxonomy and the Host Plants of North European Species of Eupontania

    On the Taxonomy and the Host Plants of North European Species of Eupontania

    Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X Beitr. Ent. 56 (2006) 2 239 56 (2006) 2 S. 239 - 268 15.12.2006 On the taxonomy and the host plants of North European species of Eupontania (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae) With 3 figures and 1 table VELI VIKBERG and ALEXEY ZINOVJEV Zusammenfassung In Europa umfasst Eupontania die vesicator-, viminalis-, aquilonis- und crassipes-Artengruppen. Aus Nord- europa werden 13 Arten der Eupontania-viminalis-Gruppe aufgeführt. E. brevicornis (Förster, 1854), sp. rev. und comb. n. (= Nematus congruens Förster, 1854, syn. n., Pontania carpentieri Konow, 1907, syn n., Pontania pedunculi auct., nec Hartig), die Gallen an Salix cinerea L. hervorruft, wird in Finnland nachgewiesen und mit der eng verwandeten E. arcticornis (Konow, 1904) verglichen, die Gallen an Salix phylicifolia L. bildet. Die Taxonomie und die Wirtspflanzen von E. pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) (= Nematus bellus Zaddach, 1876; Pontania gallarum auct. nec. Hartig) und E. gallarum (Hartig, 1837) (= N. aestivus Thomson, 1863, syn. n.; Pontania varia Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.; Pontania norvegica Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.) werden kurz diskutiert. E. pedunculi wird als Art betrachtet, die Gallen an verschiedenen Arten der Sektion Vetrix hervorruft, nicht aber an S. cinerea: Salix aurita L., S. caprea L., S. starkeana ssp. starkeana Willd. und ssp. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Hultén (= S. bebbiana Sarg.). Der Status von E. myrtilloidica (Kopelke, 1991), die an S. myrtilloides L. in Finnland nachgewiesen wurde, bleibt unsicher. Die Wirtspflanze von E. gallarum ist Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. einschliesslich der ssp. borealis (Fr.) Hyl. Lectotypen werden festgelegt für Pontania arcticornis, P. phylicifoliae Forsius, 1920, P. viminalis var. hepatimaculae Malaise, 1920, Nematus brevicornis, P.
  • Contribution to the Knowledge of Sawfly Fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the Low Tatras National Park in Central Slovakia Ladislav Roller - Karel Beneš - Stephan M

    Contribution to the Knowledge of Sawfly Fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the Low Tatras National Park in Central Slovakia Ladislav Roller - Karel Beneš - Stephan M

    NATURAE TUTELA 10 57-72 UITOVSKY MIM li AS 'nix, CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SAWFLY FAUNA (HYMENOPTERA, SYMPHYTA) OF THE LOW TATRAS NATIONAL PARK IN CENTRAL SLOVAKIA LADISLAV ROLLER - KAREL BENEŠ - STEPHAN M. BLANK JAROSLAV HOLUŠA - EWALD JANSEN - M ALTE JÄNICKE- SIGBERT KALUZA - ALEXANDRA KEHL - INGA KEHR - MANFRED KRAUS - ANDREW D. LISTON - TOMMI NYMAN - HAIYAN NIE - HENRI SAVINA - ANDREAS TAEGER - MEICAI WEI L. Roller, K. Beneš, S. M. Blank, J. Iloluša, E. Jansen, M. Jänicke, S. Kaluza, A. Kehl, 1. Kehr, M. Kraus, A. D. Liston,T. Nyman, II. Nie, II. Savina, A. Taeger, M. Wei: Príspevok k poznaniu fauny hrubopásych (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) Národného parku Nízke Tatry Abstrakt: Počas deviateho medzinárodného pracovného stretnutia špecialistov na hrubopáse blanokrídlovce (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) v júni 2005 bol vykonaný ľaunistický prieskum hrubopásych na viacerých lokalitách Národného parku Nízke Tatry. Celkovo bolo zaznamenaných 200 druhov a osem čeľadí hrubopásych. Ďalších dvanásť taxónov nebolo identifikovaných do druhu. Dolerus altivolus, D. hibernicus, Eriocampa dorpatica, Euura hastatae, Fenella monilicornis, Nematus yokohamensis tavastiensis, Pachynematus clibrichellus. Phyllocolpa excavata, P. polita, P. ralieri, Pontania gallarum, P. virilis, Pristiphora breadalbanensis, P. coactula a Tenthredo ignobilis boli zistené na Slovensku po prvýkrát. Významný počet ľaunistický zaujímavých nálezov naznačuje vysokú zachovalosť študovaných prírodných stanovíšť v širšom okolí Demänovskej a Jánskej doliny, Svarína a v národnej prírodnej rezervácii Turková. Kľúčové slová: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Národný park Nízke Tatry, ľaunistický výskum INTRODUCTION Sawflies are the primitive phytophagous hymenopterans (suborder Symphyta), represented in Europe by 1366 species (LISTON, 1995; TAEGER & BLANK, 2004; TAEGER et al., 2006). In Slovakia, about 650 species belonging to 13 families of the Symphyta should occur (ROLLER, 1999).
  • Diversitymobile – Mobile Data Retrieval Platform for Biodiversity Research Projects

    Diversitymobile – Mobile Data Retrieval Platform for Biodiversity Research Projects

    DiversityMobile – Mobile Data Retrieval Platform for Biodiversity Research Projects Stefan Jablonski1, Alexandra Kehl2, Dieter Neubacher3, Peter Poschlod4, Gerhard Rambold2, Tobias Schneider1, Dagmar Triebel3, Bernhard Volz1, Markus Weiss3 1Applied Computer Science IV 2 DNA Analytics and Ecoinformatics Laboratory University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany {stefan.jablonski, alexandra kehl, gerhard.rambold, tobias.schneider, bernhard.volz}@uni- bayreuth.de 3IT Center of the Bavarian Natural History Collections Munich, Germany {neubacher,triebel,weiss}@bsm.mwn.de 4Institute for Botany University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany [email protected] Abstract: A majority of biodiversity research projects depend on field recording and ecology data. Therefore it is important to provide a seamless and transparent data flow from the field to the data storage systems and networks. Seamless in the sense, that data are available shortly after their gathering, transparent in the sense that the history of data operations may be traced backward. DiversityMobile (with the complementing applications of the Diversity Workbench frameworks) is a GUI software that provides the option of gathering biological and ecological research data in a structured way by using mobile devices for data retrieval. 1 Introduction With the development of scientific data networks for biological and ecological research projects the need for a seamless and transparent flow of data became increasingly important within the last ten years. Especially the establishment of international web portals such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org), Species2000 (http://www.species2000.org) or the Encyclopedia of Life (http://www.eol.org/) required standards and guidelines set up by politics, and, in parallel, augmented pressure on scientists to provide their primary research data in appropriate interchangeable formats.
  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Sawfly Subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

    Molecular Phylogeny of the Sawfly Subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

    Systematic Entomology (2006),31, 569–583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00336.x Molecular phylogeny of the sawfly subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) TOMMI NYMAN1 , ALEXEY G. ZINOVJEV2 , VELI VIKBERG3 and BRIAN D. FARRELL4 1Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 3Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, Turenki, Finland, 4Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Abstract. Nematinae is one of the largest subfamilies in the sawfly family Tenthredinidae, but internal relationships are unknown in the absence of any formal phylogenetic analysis. To understand the internal phylogeny of Nematinae, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and the nuclear elongation factor-1a gene from thirteen outgroup taxa and sixty-eight nematine species, the ingroup taxa of which represent all major genera and subgenera within the subfamily. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phyloge- netic analyses of the DNA sequence data show that: (1) Nematinae are monophy- letic in a broad sense which includes Hoplocampa, Susana and the tribe Cladiini, which have been classified often into separate subfamilies; together with Craterocercus, these taxa form a paraphyletic basal grade with respect to the remaining Nematinae, but among-group relationships within the grade remain weakly resolved; (2) the remainder of the ingroup, Nematinae s. str, is monophy- letic in all combined-data analyses; (3) within Nematinae s. str, the ‘Higher’ Nematinae is divided into three groups, Mesoneura and the large tribes Nematini and Pristiphorini; (4) although the traditional classifications at the tribal level are largely upheld, some of the largest tribes and genera are obviously para- or polyphyletic; (5) according to rate-smoothed phylogenies dated with two fossil calibration points, Nematinae originated 50–120 million years ago.
  • On the Biology of Nematinae with Hiding Larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) with 10 Figures

    On the Biology of Nematinae with Hiding Larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) with 10 Figures

    Beitr. Ent. Berlin ISSN 0005-805X 48 (1998) 1 S. 145-155 31.03.1998 On the biology of Nematinae with hiding larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) With 10 figures A l e x e y G. Z in o v jev & V e l i V k b e r g Zusammenfassung Die Larven der Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) sind gewöhnlich freilebend. Ausnahmen stellen die Triben Hoplocampini, Pseudodineurini, Pristolini und die folgenden Nematini dar: Decanematus ( = Amauronematus-viduatus-Gruppe), Pontopristia, Amauronematus-longiserra-Gruppe, Polynematus der Subtribus Nematina, die gesamte Subtribus Euurina (Euura und Pontania einschließlich der Subgenera Phyllocolpa und Eupontania), Micronematus, und Sharliphora der Subtribus Pristiphorina, sowie das nearktische Genus Neopareophora mit einer unsicheren taxonomischen Stellung. Deren Larven sind zumindest im ersten Larvalstadium entweder endophytisch oder auf andere Weise nicht typisch freilebend. Die Biologie der aufgeführten Blattwespen wird kurz diskutiert. Es wird vermutet, daß auch Nepionema, die wahrscheinlich mit Rhododendron assoziiert ist, zumindest im frühen Stadium versteckt lebt. Das Eiablageverhalten und die Gailerregung der blattrollenden Pontania wird beschrieben. Summary The larvae of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) are usually free-feeding, except for the tribes Hoplocampini, Pseudodineurini, Pristolini, and the following Nematini: Decanematus (= Amauronematus viduatus-group), Pontopristia, Pie. Amauronematus longiserra-group, Polynematus of the subtribe Nematina, the whole subtribe Euurina (Euura and Pontania including the subgenera Phyllocolpa and Eupontania), Micro­ nematus and Sharliphora of the subtribe Pristiphorina, and also the Nearctic genus Neopareophora with an uncertain taxonomic position. Their larvae are either endophytous or otherwise not typically free-living, at least in the earliest stage. The biology of all these sawflies is briefly discussed.
  • The Arroyo Willow Is Sausal Creek's Namesake Plant

    The Arroyo Willow Is Sausal Creek's Namesake Plant

    What are Those Bumps on the Willows? The arroyo willow is Sausal Creek’s namesake plant; the word sausal means “willow grove” in Spanish. If you’ve been to Dimond Park and other parts of the creek, you have seen many of these water-loving trees. You might have even seen some red bumps on the leaves and wondered “what are those”? If you turn over the leaf, you will find that the bumps extend further on the underside. These are willow apple galls induced by a sawfly Pontania californica. ©May Chen Sawflies are not actually flies but, like ants, bees, and wasps, are members of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera. The common name comes from the saw-like ovipositors that the females use to cut into the plants to lay their eggs. The major distinction between sawflies and the other Hymenopterans is that the adults lack a “wasp waist" and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Female ovipositing on a willow ©Peter J. Bryant Sawflies lay their eggs directly into the leaf of the willow. Each gall holds only a single larva which feeds on the gall tissue. Prepupae drop to the ground via silken threads, where they encase themselves in cocoons. Adults usually emerge in spring, timed with the appearance of new leaves. The gall is itself a complex ecosystem involving inquilines, parasites, and hyperparasites. These can be a wasp, beetle, or even a moth. Note the black pin holes on the galls. They could be the exit holes of the gall Larva emerged from a gall ©Peter J.