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SLÆDESPORET Nr SLÆDESPORET Nr. 41 Oktober 2015 12. årgang Knud Rasmussen Selskabet Indholdsfortegnelse Ekspedition til Agpat ..................................................................... 101 Hundeslædekørsel på Tjukotka ...................................................... 108 Thule i 1951- for 60 år siden- og lidt før ....................................... 110 Udsigt til det arktiske landskab .................................................................. 113 Dagbog afslører ny om Knuds færdn på Tjukotka ............................... 115 Erasmiana ........................................................................................................ 117 Kilaasi´s Polar Fortællinger ......................................................................... 118 Dette nummer af Slædesporet indeholder intet mindre end en sensationel opdagelse. Peter Jessen som er mere end velbevandret udi det russiske sprog og de sibiriske folkeslags etnografi har forsket i Knud Rasmussens Ruslands ophold. Om Knud Rasmussens besøg nogensinde er blevet omtalt i en offentlig rapport er meget sandsynligt, men det vil kræve et overmåde stort arbejde at få gravet frem. Imidlertid fandt Peter Jessen en russisk dagbogs optegnelse som kort omtaler 5. Thule ekspeditions besøg i Sibirien. I næste nummer af Slædesporet følger vi op på dette spor og sætter spot på nogle af de kærneområder, som Knud Rasmussen omtaler fra sit Sibirien ophold. Ligesom vi skal beskrive guvernøren over Tjukotka, i hvis hus Knud Rasmussen overnattede. Ligeledes vil vi benytte lejligheden til at fortælle lidt om tjukternes etnografi og historie. Her på redaktionen arbejder vi på højtryk for at få det omtalte Slædespor ud før jul – Kilaasi Forside: Maske af hvalben fra Point Hope, Alaska Eftertryk af artikler kun med forfatterens tilladelse De i artiklerne fremsatte synspunkter er forfat- Layout og tryk: Hans Christian Heickendorf ternes egne og dækker ikke nødvendigvis Knud Oplag: 300 eks. Rasmussen Selskabets synspunkter. ISSN 1603-9246 100 Ekspedition til Agpat Af Jakob Bjerre Ekspedition til Agpat i 110-året for Den som jeg havde udpeget som mest sandsynligt danske litterære Grønlandsekspedition for ekspeditionens mål. Ekspedition i det Nordgrønlandske for at Det var netop i 2013 110 år siden, at Den genfinde anvendt af Den danske litterære danske litterære Grønlandsekspedition ved Grønlandsekspedition i vinteren 1903- at rejse over isen i Melvillebugten fik skabt 1904 kontakt til polareskimoerne i Thuleområdet. Lørdag d. 20. juli 2013 startede gråt og delvist Hvalfangere og nordpolsekspeditioner med tåget på Thule Air Base i det nordvestlige skib havde tidligere været i kontakt med Grønland. Det var ikke umiddelbart godt vejr eskimoerne heroppe, men en egentlig kontakt for en motorbådsekspedition, hvor vi skulle mellem Nord- og Sydgrønland og dermed holde øje med kysten fra skibssiden, og hvor med Danmark havde ikke tidligere været der skulle ledes efter spor af menneskelig etableret. aktivitet på land, der hvor vi ville blive I 1903 kørte Den danske litterære landsat. Grønlandsekspedition med hundeslæder over Imidlertid brød solen igennem tågen og det Melvillebugten og fik der først slædekontakt blev solskin op ad formiddagen til min store med et polareskimoisk ægtepar ikke langt syd tilfredshed. for den nuværende Thule Air Base. Greenland Contractors udflugtsbåd, Blue Jay, Dette var samtidig første gang, Knud var denne dag taget ud af den daglige rutine Rasmussen kom til området, og dermed starten med bådudflugter for basens udstationerede på hans mangeårige virke i Thuledistriktet. soldater og personale. Båden var hyret af Som beskrevet i litteraturen var Den danske mig til et specielt togt, hvor jeg ønskede at litterære Grønlandsekspedition opstået som udruste en dokumentationsekspedition til midlet til at en flok unge mennesker med øen Saunders Island, eller på grønlandsk, eventyrlyst og udforsker trang fik en lovlig Agpat. mulighed for at rejse til Grønland. På det Over middag kom skipper og de øvrige tidspunkt var Grønland et lukket land, ekspeditionsdeltagere til stede på bådebroen hvor der krævedes tilladelse fra de danske ved havnen i Thule medbringende fotoudstyr, varmt tøj og gode vandrestøvler. En gummibåd med påhængsmotor var i dagens anledning tilføjet Blue Jays udstyr, så det ville være muligt at blive landsat på stranden. Båden afsejlede i solskin fra Thule Air Base og satte kurs mod Agpat, hvor tågebankerne kom og gik hele tiden, mens Blue Jay nærmede sig øens østkyst, ændrede kurs og tog retning syd om øen. Der var givet tilladelse til flere landsætningsforsøg, hvis det blev nødvendigt, Forstranden på Agpat men foreløbig sattes kursen efter det punkt, 101 Landgang på Agpat myndigheder, hvis man ville rejse dertil. For stod af undervejs inden ekspeditionen drog at få tilladelse, krævedes en god begrundelse. nordpå til polareskimoerne. Deltagerne var højst forskellige og, viste det Der var altså tale om en flok unge og uerfarne sig undervejs, langt fra enige om mål og midler mennesker i tyverne, alle med ambitioner, for ekspeditionen. Ludvig Mylius Eriksen men ikke nødvendigvis et fælles mål for deres var journalist og havde store ambitioner fælles ekspedition. Efter min opfattelse, var om at gøre noget epokegørende. Han anså hele projektet baseret på tilfældigheder, og i sig selv for ekspeditionens leder, men delte stor udstrækning på held og uheld. gerne ansvaret med de øvrige, når der var Efter at have overvintret i Ilulissat vinteren problemer. Knud Rasmussen var student og 1902-03 ledte ekspeditionen efter nye opvokset i Ilulissat, hvor faderen var præst. udfordrende mål. Der var allerede stor Han ville gerne tilbage til Grønland. Jørgen uenighed mellem deltagerne om alt fra Brønlund var Knuds barndomskammerat arbejdsfordeling til i hvor høj grad man kunne og indfødt grønlænder fra Ilulissat. Harald tage imod den tilbudte gæstfrihed i de bygder, Moltke var greve og kunstmaler, hans rolle var ekspeditionen besøgte. Man besluttede dels at dokumentere ekspeditionen i billeder, at gøre forsøg på at krydse Diskoøen med dels også at give ekspeditionen et vist niveau slæder, hvilket nær var endt med katastrofe. overfor myndighederne i form af grevetitlen. Efter at være kommet til hægterne igen efter Endelig deltog Aage Berthelsen, ung læge, dette forsøg, blev målet, at rejse på isen tværs på den første del af ekspeditionen, men han over Melvillebugten – primært fordi det ikke 102 var gjort før. eskimohusene sammen med de lokale. De Samtidig havde det dog lige fra drengeårene lærte herved indbyggerne godt at kende, og været Knud Rasmussens drøm at besøge de kom alle til hægterne igen ovenpå den polareskimoerne, så i hvert fald han var helt udmarvende tur over bugten. Også Harald indstillet på, at man skulle rejse nordpå. Moltke kom sig langsomt, og han begyndte at De fire ekspeditionsdeltagere blev suppleret af tegne landskaber og portrætter af bopladsens to lokalkendte fangere fra Upernavikdistriktet, indbyggere. Specielt hans portrætter af nemlig Gaba og Elias, der rejste videre polarfolkene er meget udtryksfulde og sammen med ekspeditionen. levende. Jagten undervejs over Melvillebugten var Det var ikke fra starten hensigten, at dårlig, vejret var imod ekspeditionen, og ekspeditionen skulle overvintre på Agpat. Harald Moltke blev alvorligt syg undervejs, Den nok ikke så velgennemtænkte plan muligvis efter at have spist bjørnekød. Moltke var, at man ville søge kontakt med en af var så syg, at han måtte have hjælp til alle de hvalfangerbåde, der passerede området dagligdags foreteelser, da han var delvist i sommerhalvåret og få lov til at sejle hjem lammet og lå fastspændt til en slæde, når med den. Imidlertid gik der lang tid uden ekspeditionen rykkede frem. Der var derfor kontakt til hvalfangere, og da en enkelt ikke mange lyspunkter, da ekspeditionen efter endelig dukkede op og gjorde holdt i store anstrengelser kom frem til en eskimoisk farvandet, var der ikke mulighed for at sejle boplads ved Kap York – og fandt den forladt med retur med denne båd. Ekspeditionen og øde. Ekspeditionen delte sig herefter, idet havde været ombord og forhandle med Knud Rasmussen og Jørgen Brønlund kørte skipper på hvalfangerbåden, og som trøst for i forvejen mod nord, for hurtigst muligt afslaget om hjemtransport, fik ekspeditionen forhåbentlig at finde mennesker – og mad, foræret en flaske rødvin. Som understregning mens resten af ekspeditionen fulgte med i det af ekspeditionens gentagne uheld, blev vinen tempo transporten af Moltke tillod. tabt og flasken gik i stykker på vej retur fra Ud for Cap Athol, det store bjergrige hvalfangeren. Ekspeditionens humør var på næs sydvest for den nuværende Thule Air dette tidspunkt på nulpunktet. Base, så Knud og Jørgen slædespor med en Da det blev klart, at ekspeditionen alligevel mindre sporvidde, end deres egne slæders. ville komme til at overvintre på Agpat, Dermed var de sikre på at have fundet spor byggede de med hjælp fra bopladsens folk af polareskimoerne. Ved at følge disse spor et stenhus, de kunne bebo vinteren over. mødte Knud Rasmussen og Jørgen Brønlund Huset blev bygget op ad en naturlig lodret kort efter et par polareskimoer, et ægtepar, der klippevæg, som kom til at udgøre husets ene straks vendte deres slæde og tog dem med til væg. Huset bestod af to rum med vægge af bopladsen på Agpat, hvor jagten ifølge dem stablede sten og tagspær af træ, der sikkert skulle være god. har været drivtømmer. Huset blev dog ifølge På denne boplads boede ifølge beretningen beretningerne en kold fornøjelse, da det viste ”mange mennesker”,
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