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Urbanoman EXHIBITION Panel 01 140319.Indd Research Collection Conference Poster Urban Oman Exhibition Panel 2 - Introduction Dynamic of Growth Author(s): Richthofen, Aurel von; Nebel, Sonja; Eaton, Anne Publication Date: 2014 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010821752 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library U Introduction Introduction ProjectDynamic of O Rationale R Growth M B A A N N ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ :ﺃﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ: ﺃﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ: ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺩﻳﻨ: ﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ: ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻤﺮ ﺣﻀﺮﻱ RAPID ECONOMIC UNBALANCED POPULATION ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ 21 ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ D DEVELOPMENT AND DENSITY ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻮﻝ ﺑﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ، ﺑﺪءﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ (ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 1960) ﻁﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺻﺤﺎﺭ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻊ /POPULATION GROWTH The country’s average population density of 9 p ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﻙ (ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ 1960ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ،) ,sq km (2010) doesn’t reflect the real situation ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ Before the discovery of oil and gas in Oman ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺻﻴﺪ ﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﻙ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﻔﻲ، ﻧﻈﻤﺖﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ، as the population is concentrated mainly in the . ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ. -Y (end of 1960s) the country relied on fishery, ag ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ.ﻭﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻯ، ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺭﻳﻔﻲ، ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻤﺖ -coastal strip. According to the Statistical Bulle ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪ riculture, animal husbandry, handicraft, and ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﻯ، ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ tin from June 2013 (NCSI, National Centre for ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻁﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺎﺕ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ 1970، ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻰ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ، ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ -trade. Oman was a rural society, socially orga ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻁﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺎﺕ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ 1970، ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻰ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ -Statistics and Information, Oman) the total pop ﻗﺎﺑﻮﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ، ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻱ. nized in tribes and family clans, living in villages ﻗﺎﺑﻮﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ، ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ulation registered in May 2013 was already 47.6٪ ﻓﻲ 1980 ﺇﻟﻰ 72،80٪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ N and hamlets, mostly oasis settlements. After .2010 47.6٪ ﻓﻲ 1980 ﺇﻟﻰ 72،80٪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ million, compared to 3.623,001 in mid .2010 3.876,383 ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ: ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ . when His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said ,1970 ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ year 2012. Focusing on Muscat Governorate ﺗﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍاﻹﺣﺼﺎءﺍاﺕت 82.9٪ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃأﻥن ﻫﮬﮪھﺬﻩه 2050. ﻓﻰ ﺍاﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻑف 2011,ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ -took power, the percentage of urban dwellers in ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ٪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ the average population density increased to ﺍاﻟﺰ﫳ﺎﺩدﺓة 73.44 ٪ ﻟﺘﺼﻞﻣﻦ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ 82.982.9٪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ 20502050..ﻓﻲ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺎﻡم ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ 20112011,, ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ 﫳ﻌﺘﺒﺮ -creased from 47.6 percent in 1980 to 72.8 per ٪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ inhabitants per sq. km in 2011. Migration 257.4 ﻭ73.4473.44 26.56٪ ٪ ﻣﻦﻓﻲ ﺇإﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﻋﺪﺩد ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ. ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥن ﻓﻲﻛﺸﻒ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁطﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍاﻟﺤﻀﺮ﫳ﺔ 2010 ﺃﻥ .A cent in 2010 ﻭوﻭ26.5626.56٪٪ ﻓﻲﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁطﻖﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍاﻟﺮ﫳ﻔﻴﺔﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ.. ﻛﺸﻒﻛﺸﻒ ﺗﻌﺪﺍاﺩدﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥنﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡمﻋﺎﻡ 20102010 ﺃأﻥنﺃﻥ plays a vital role in the country. There is rural to 53.3٪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ (2.773.479 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ) ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺛﻨﻴﻦ urban internal migration but as well international 53.353.3٪٪ ﻣﻦﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉعﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥنﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ((479479..773773..22 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥنﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ)) 﫳ﻌﻴﺶﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲﻓﻲ ﺍﺛﻨﻴﻦ -Population projections show that this percent ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻭ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ (ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭﺷﻤﺎﻝ)، ﻭﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ migration, mostly towards MCA. Muscat Capital ﻣﻦ ﺍاﺛﻨﻴﻦﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﺍاﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻘﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕت ﻂ ﻭ ﺁﻝﻣﺴﻘﻂ2 ﻭو ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ (ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﻁطﻨﺔ (ﺟﻨﻮﺏ 2ﺟﻨﻮﺏب ﻭﺷﻤﺎﻝ)،ﻭوﺷﻤﺎﻝل )٬، ﻭﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻭوﻛﻼﻫﮬﮪھﻤﺎ age will continue to increase to reach 82.9 per- 2 ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ 16.400ﻛﻢ22 . (12.500 ﻛﻢ22 ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ ﻭ 3.900ﻛﻢArea reflects population growth in dynamic ex- 2 ﺗﺗﻐﻄﻲﻐﻄﻲﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ 16.40016.400ﻛﻢﻛﻢ .. ((12.50012.500 ﻛﻢﻛﻢ ﺍاﻟﺒﺎﻁطﻨﺔﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ ﻭوﻭ 3.900ﻛﻢ M cent in 2050. In 2011 73.44 % of total population pansion of built-up areas. 2 . ( ﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ3.900) .ﻛﻢ ﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ) . .is considered to be urban and 26.56 % rural The 2010 census revealed that 53.3 % of the to- ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ tal population (2,773,479 million) lives in the ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ 2 ﻻ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ 9 ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ/ ﻛﻢ I two governorates of Muscat and Al Batinah ﻻ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ 9 ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ/ ﻛﻢsouth and north), both covering only an area of 2) (ﺍاﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ 2010) ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ، ﺍاﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍاﺯزﻧﺔﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ (2010) ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ2 ﻓﻲ sq.kms. (12,500 sq.kms. Batinah and 16,400 ﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ 﫳ﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ. ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﺍاﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦﺍاﻟﺒﻼﺩد ﻣﻦﺷﻬﺮ 9 ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﺍاﻓﺮﺍاﺩد/ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ. ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﻋﺎﻡ sq.kms. Muscat) Settlement development in Al Khoud 3,900 (20102013() ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻲ ﺍاﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ٬، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻺﺣﺼﺎء 﫳ﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ، ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥنﻋﻤﺎﻥ ) ﻛﺎﻥﺃأﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ 2013(ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻺﺣﺼﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ) ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍاﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉع ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥﺍاﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ . ﻭوﻓﻘﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓة ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﺇإﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ2013 ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺷ뛬ﺮ 﫳ﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﻋﺎﻡم 3.876.383 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ C ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ 2013 ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ 3.876.383 ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ 2013ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ (ﺏ ﺍاﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍاﻟﻮﻁطﻨﻲ 3.623.001 ﻓﻲ ﻟﻺﺣﺼﺎء ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭوﺍاﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕت٬، 2012. ﻋﻤﺎﻥنﻣﻊ) ﻛﺎﻥن ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺏ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ3.623.001ﺣﻴﺚﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ 2012. ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥن ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍاﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻘﻂﻣﺎ﫳ﻮ ﺣﻴﺚ2013 ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ 3.876.383 ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥن ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﺭرﻧﺔ ﺏب 3.623.001257.4ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﻡم ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ 2012. ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ 2011. ﻭﺍاﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ 257.4 ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 2011. ﻭ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ MUSCAT AS PART OF AN Iran ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﺭرﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ, ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂﺍاﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ 257.4ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ, ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ URBAN CORRIDOR ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡم ﻭﻟﻜﻦ2011. ﻭوﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍاﻟ뛬ﺠﺮﺓة ﻛﺬﻟﻚ، ﻓﻲ ﺩدﻭوﺭرﺍا ﺣﻴﻮ﫳ﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ، ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ BAHRAIN ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ Iran ﺍاﻟﺒﻼﺩد,ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂﺍاﻟ뛬ﺠﺮﺓة ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻜﺲﺍاﻟﺮ﫳ﻒ ﺇإﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍاﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁطﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍاﻟﺤﻀﺮ﫳ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺍاﻟﺪﺍاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ. PAKISTAN ﻭوﻟﻜﻦ ﺍاﻟ뛬ﺠﺮﺓة ﺍاﻟﺪﻭوﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ٬، ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤ뛬ﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ In the beginning oft he 21st century Oman con- PERSIAN GOLF ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ. BAHRAIN ﺍاﻟﺘﻰ ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ:ﺍاﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍاﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍاﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻲﺍاﻟﺪ﫳ﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ 1970ﻟﻠ، ﻤﻨﺎﻁطﻖ 1982، ﺍاﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ. O tributes to a highly and densely urbanized ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ: ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ 1970، 1982، ﺍاﻧﻈﺮ 2012.ﺍاﻟﺨﺮﺍاﺋﻂ: ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍاﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ٬1970، ٬1982، coastal strip along the Arabian Sea, starting at PAKISTAN .2012 Muscat and following the coastPERSIAN line GOLF until Sohar,QATAR .2012 where urbanization finally merges with the ag- F glomerationQATAR of Fujeirah and continuing along the Gulf to the United Arab Emirates and beyond. SEA OF OMAN GOLF OF OMAN UAE U G UAE R R B O SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI ARABIA A W LEGEND: N The dynamic of growth is observarable all over the Sultanate of Oman. Urbanization patterns cover vast areas of valuable land of the Sultanate of Oman. T Coastline ARABIAN SEA Mountains DRIED LAKES ARABIAN SEA SECONDARY SECONDARY ROADWAYS H SecondaryROADWAY SRoadways VEGETATION LWEGEadisND /: Flood plains Suwadi MAJOR ROADWAYS MajorMAJO RoadwaysR ROADWAYS C WADI GOVERNORATES Suwadi Alwa Place namesLIM I2013TS Maghsil 2978GovernoratesG mOVERNORA TlimitsES SETTLEMENT Muraysi LIMITS Coastline Billah Murayjat Hifri Manunah 2250 m Uqdah Abu Nukhayl 1500 m Barka Haradi SETTLEMENT Settlement Area 2013 Yemen Settlements 750 m 60 O Ar Rumaidh Ad Duwaykah Ghursheba ±0 m (above sea level) Moun0 tains 100km Yemen As Seeb Road Infrastructure 2013 60 60 Samhan Al Ma’balla 0 100km Suwadi 0 100km Wadis / Flood plains Concentrations of settlements and roadway network of the Sultanate of Oman. R Al Hail Darsait Qurm Suwadi Alwa Place names 2013 Saruq Mutrah Maghsil Muscat LEGEND: Muraysi Mawalih Udhaybah Wutayyah Ruwi Billah Murayjat Hifri Manunah Sidab Uqdah Abu Nukhayl Coastline R Barka Haradi Ghrubrah Madinat Sultan Qabous Wadi Kabir Settlement Area 2013 Halban Coastline Hamriyah Mountains Ar Rumaidh Ad DuwaykahAl KhoudhGhursheba Muaskar al Murtafa Qantab Mountains tawn As Seeb Road InfrastructurWadis/Floode 2013 plains Wadis / Flood plains Samhan Rusayl Bowsher I Al Ma’balla Al Ansab Place names 2013 Al Amarat Yiti Place names 2013 Al Hail Darsait Settlement Area 2013 Al Ajalsheria Qurm Settlement Area 2013 Mutrah Bandar Kayran Saruq Road Infrastructure Al Hibra Tawasir Murayrat Muscat Road Infrastructure 2013 Mawalih Hammam Udhaybah Wutayyah Ruwi D Sidab Mansur Ghrubrah Madinat Sultan Qabous Wadi Kabir Khubrah Halban Hamriyah Fanja Al Khoudh As Sukhnah Muaskar al Murtafa Qantab tawn Wahlah Wadi Mayh As Sifa Thumayd O Muslimat Rusayl Al Ansab Bowsher Yiti Bidbid Al HajarAl Amarat Tawiyah Nakhl Al Ajalsheria Alayah Bandar Kayran Al Hibra Multaqa Tawasir R Murayrat Hammam Firjat Qaylah Khubrah Mansur Faud Luzugh Fanja MughrbahAs Sukhnah Wahlah Wadi Mayh As Sifa Thumayd Muslimat Bidbid Al Hajar Tawiyah Nakhl 5 15 N Alayah Multaqa 0 10 20 Firjat Muscat as part of an urban corridor- Urbanization around the double nucleus of Greater Muscat andQ Asaylah Seeb, 2013. Faud1:300,000 Luzugh 1 cm = 3 km Mughrbah RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS: 5 15 N The Research Council German University of Technology in Oman Sultan Qaboos University http://urbanoman.org/urbanization.htm (C) UrbanOman.org0 2014 10 20 1:300,000 1 cm = 3 km.
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