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Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting X Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X Presented by December 3-5, 2014 Broomfield, Colorado Credit: Tom Ryon, NREL PIX 24481 Credit: Iberdrola Renewables, NREL Pix 15188 Credit: Ann Froschauer, USFWS, Flickr Meeting Proceedings Published April 2015 Prepared by: Susan Savitt Schwartz, Editor American Wind Wildlife Institute 1110 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 950 Washington, DC 20005-3544 Acknowledgments The Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X was planned by the American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) with support from volunteer advisors from the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (see below). Dr. Taber Allison, AWWI’s Director of Research and Evaluation, chaired the planning of the meeting and agenda. Presentations were selected from abstracts submitted to AWWI that were reviewed and scored by anonymous reviewers. The NWCC is co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind and Water Technologies Program through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the American Wind Wildlife Institute, which facilitates the NWCC. The Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X was funded by AWWI with the generous support from meeting sponsors. AWWI wishes to acknowledge and thank the following companies, organizations, and individuals for their support in planning and executing the meeting: Platinum Sponsors: NextEra Energy Resources • National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Tetra Tech • Western EcoSystems Technology • Gold Sponsors: EDP Renewables • Invenergy • Stantec • U.S. Geological Survey • Silver Sponsors: DT Bird • H.T. Harvey & Associates • Meals Sponsors: Merjent • Pattern Energy • SWCA Environmental Consultants The NWCC meeting advisors who contributed volunteer hours in planning this meeting, as well as all others who provided input: Ed Arnett, Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership • David Bigger, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management • William Burnidge, The Nature Conservancy • Alvaro Camiña, Acrena • Bridget Canty, CH2M Hill • Patrick Ferguson, NaturEner • Bryan Gasper, Burns & McDonnell • Amanda Hale, Texas Christian University • Cris Hein, Bat Conservation International • Manuela Huso, U.S. Geological Survey • Caroline Jezierski, Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit • Christy Johnson-Hughes, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service • Deron Lawrence, CH2M Hill • Dave Phillips, Apex Clean Energy • Sue Phillips, U.S. Geological Survey • Joseph Platt, POWER Engineers • Katy Reagan, Sunbird Biological Consultants • Jerry Roppe, Iberdrola Renewables • Tom Schreiner, Colorado Parks and Wildlife • Lynn Sharp, retired • Karin Sinclair, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Heidi Souder, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Dale Strickland, WEST, Inc. Those who volunteered their time to review submitted abstracts. The meeting volunteers who offered their time to support the meeting logistics. AWWI’s 2014 Partners and Friends, who support AWWI: Partners - Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies • BP Wind Energy • Berkshire Hathaway Energy • Defenders of Wildlife • DTE Energy • Duke Energy Renewables • EDF Renewable Energy • EDP Renewables • Environmental Defense Fund • GE Power & Water • Iberdrola Renewables • National Audubon Society • National Wildlife Federation • Natural Resources Defense Council • OwnEnergy • Pattern Energy Group • Renewable NRG Systems • RES Americas • Sierra Club • SunEdison • The Nature Conservancy • The Wilderness Society • Union of Concerned Scientists • Friends - American Wind Energy Association • Clean Line Energy Partners • Enel Green Power • Infinity Wind Power • MAP Royalty • Pacific Gas & Electric Co. • Shell WindEnergy • Terra-Gen Power • TradeWind Energy • Vestas Americas Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X Proceedings i April 2015 Abstract Wind energy’s ability to generate electricity without carbon emissions will help reduce the potentially catastrophic effects of unlimited climate change on wildlife. Wind energy also provides several other environmental benefits including substantially reduced water withdrawals and consumption, mercury emissions, and other sources of air and water pollution associated with burning fossil fuels. Adverse impacts of wind energy facilities to wildlife, particularly to individual birds and bats have been documented. Impacts to wildlife populations have not been documented, but the potential for biologically significant impacts continue to be a source of concern as populations of many species overlapping with proposed wind energy development are experiencing long-term declines because of habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, non-native invasive species, and increased mortality from numerous anthropogenic activities. These proceedings document current research pertaining to wind energy and wildlife impacts and innovations in technologies and methods to address these impacts, including: understanding risk, demographic impacts, fatality estimation, detection and deterrence technologies, and impact minimization and mitigation. Suggested Citation Format This volume: PNWWRM X. 2015. Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X. Broomfield, CO December 2-5, 2014. Prepared for the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative by the American Wind Wildlife Institute, Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 137 pp. Preceding volumes: PNWWRM IX. 2013. Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting IX. Broomfield, CO November 28-30, 2012. Prepared for the Wildlife Workgroup of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative by the American Wind Wildlife Institute, Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 151 pp. PNWWRM VIII. 2011. Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VIII. Lakewood, CO October 19-21, 2010. Prepared for the Wildlife Workgroup of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 191 pp. PNWWRM VII. 2009. Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VII. Milwaukee, WI October 28- 29, 2008. Prepared for the Wildlife Workgroup of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 116 pp. PNWWRPM VI. 2007. Proceedings of the NWCC Wildlife Workgroup Research Planning Meeting VI. San Antonio, TX November 14-15, 2006. Prepared for the Wildlife Workgroup of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 138 pp. POWIWD-V. 2005. Proceedings of the Onshore Wildlife Interactions with Wind Developments: Research Meeting V. Lansdowne, VA November 3-4, 2004. Prepared for the Wildlife Subcommittee of the National Wind Coordinating Committee by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed. 120 pp. PNAWPPM-IV. 2001. Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind Power Planning Meeting IV, Carmel, CA, May 16-17, 2000. Prepared for the Avian Subcommittee of the National Wind Coordinating Committee by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, Susan Savitt Schwartz, ed., 179 pp. Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X Proceedings ii April 2015 PNAWPPM-III. 2000. Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind Power Planning Meeting III, San Diego, CA, May 1998. Prepared for the Avian Subcommittee of the National Wind Coordinating Committee by LGL, Ltd., King City, Ont., 202 pp. PNAWPPM-II. 1996. Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind Power Planning Meeting II, Palm Springs, CA, September 1995. Prepared for the Avian Subcommittee of the National Wind Coordinating Committee by RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, and LGL, Ltd., King City, Ont., 152 pp. PNAWPPM. 1995. Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind Power Planning Meeting IV, Denver, CO, July 1994. Repot DE95-004090. RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC, and LGL, Ltd., King City, Ont., 145 pp. Ordering Information These Proceedings are available in PDF format with accompanying presentations available as separate pdf files. Proceedings may be downloaded from the NWCC website: www.nationalwind.org. Disclaimer Some of the presentations described in the Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X may have been peer reviewed independent of this meeting, but results should be considered preliminary. This document may be cited, although communication with the author before doing so is highly recommended to ensure that the information cited is current. These proceedings do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Wind Wildlife Institute or the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative. AWWI expressly disclaims any warranties or guarantees, expressed or implied, and shall not be liable for damages of any kind in connection with the material, information, techniques, or procedures set forth in this publication. Wind Wildlife Research Meeting X Proceedings iii April 2015 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ VII WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS ................................................................................................ 1 Welcome .................................................................................................................................. 1 Opening remarks: retrospective and looking ahead ............................................................... 1 LATEST POLICIES AND PRIORITIES .................................................................................................... 3 Wind Vision: a new era for wind power in the United States ................................................. 3 The wind industry perspective ................................................................................................ 5 United
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