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A Better Maintenance Strategy, a More Sustainable Hanok: Towards Korean Traditional Public Facilities

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A Better Maintenance Strategy, a More Sustainable Hanok: Towards Korean Traditional Public Facilities buildings Article A Better Maintenance Strategy, a More Sustainable Hanok: Towards Korean Traditional Public Facilities Jeong-Hyuk Jeong, Deuk-Youm Cheon and Seung-Hoon Han * School of Architecture, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Korea; [email protected] (J.-H.J.); [email protected] (D.-Y.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-62-530-1646 Received: 5 December 2018; Accepted: 26 December 2018; Published: 3 January 2019 Abstract: Currently, user demands for Hanok, the Korean traditional building type, are increasing in Korea, and their use as residences and accommodations are especially booming, while public facilities are rarely built in the style of Hanok these days. One of the most critical reasons for the issue is that Hanok lack usability and are difficult to maintain as a public facilities. Therefore, it is improvement of the usability of Hanok is needed for them to be accepted as public buildings and to set up the maintenance strategy for the style of the wooden structure. This research has defined public buildings in Hanok and classified them into three types according to structural standards. Then, this study analyzed the characteristics of each type, and suggested a checklist for Hanok usability, employing it to analyze the most recent exemplar Hanoks built as results in the governmental research project, monitored them in aspects of the facility management focused on the wooden structure and suggested strategies for sustainability by deriving eight factors in usability and another eight major types of defects to review the current status of the maintenance for the wooden structure. Finally, this study proposed the main direction for Hanok maintenance to establish its strategies for sustainability. Keywords: Hanok; Korean traditional building; public facilities; Han style; usability; assessment system; maintenance strategy; sustainability 1. Introduction Recently, the awareness of environmentally-friendly buildings, nature-friendly urban environment, and sustainable settlement for residents has increased when compared to the past. Hanok, Korean traditional buildings, are mainly used for residential facilities such as houses and accommodations, while inactively applied at public buildings in comparison [1]. Therefore, various attempts for Hanok to be a crucial type on non-residential architecture have been considered through empowering the usability of Hanok. In addition, maintenance and operation are quite important for the type of the wooden structure like Hanok to be more functional and sustainable as the multi-purposed facility for multiple users [2,3]. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to propose evaluation indexes for the usability of Hanok public buildings based on classifications of structural composition and to suggest the main strategies for maintenance operation with monitoring recently-built public facilities in the style of Hanok. For this study, nine target buildings have been selected and analyzed with field surveys using professional devices and monitoring know-hows for a year from November 2017 to November 2018. All of them were built as prototyped testbeds of Korean traditional public facilities by the precedent R&D projects supported by Ministry of Land and Transport Affairs of Korean Government. The range of Hanok to be analyzed in this study is in the building style with Korean traditional characteristics and elements—especially merged with recent technologies, structures, and materials for contemporary Buildings 2019, 9, 11; doi:10.3390/buildings9010011 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings Buildings 2019, 9, 11 2 of 14 BuildingsBuildingsBuildings 2019 2019 2019, ,9 9 FOR, FOR9 FOR PEER PEER PEER REVIEW REVIEW REVIEW 22 2 use. The scope of the public facility was also designated with a basis in precedent studies that defined itTherefore, asTherefore,Therefore, the facility thisthis this constructed studystudy study hashas has by selectedselected selected the budget ninenine nine of targettarget thetarget government builbuil buildingsdingsdings in andin in accordanceaccordance openaccordance to the withwith generalwith thethe the publicaboveabove above [ two4two ,5two]. specificationsspecificationsspecificationsTherefore, to to toperform perform perform this study monitoring monitoring monitoring has selected for for for their their their nine usability usability usability target and buildingsand and maintenance maintenance maintenance in accordance status status status in in with inorder order order the to to above toreveal reveal reveal two thethethe specifications mainmain main directiondirection direction to perform towardtoward toward monitoringthethe the HanokHanok Hanok for sustainability.sustainability. sustainability. their usability ForFor andFor thisthis maintenancethis study,study, study, thethe the status targettarget target in buildingsbuildingsorder buildings to reveal werewere were the classifiedclassifiedclassifiedmain directionby by by the the the type type towardtype o of fothe thef thethe structural structural Hanokstructural sustainability. formation formation formation with with with For collecting collecting this collecting study, data data thedata such targetsuch such as as buildings asphotographs, photographs, photographs, were building classifiedbuilding building by referencesreferencesreferencesthe type and and of and thearchitectural architectural architectural structural drawings formation drawings drawings as withas asdetailed detailed detailed collecting summary summary summary data such of of ofthe the as the photographs,cases. cases. cases. Then, Then, Then, the the building the characteristics characteristics characteristics references of of andof thethethe architecturalcases cases cases were were were analyzed analyzed drawingsanalyzed in in asinaspects aspects detailedaspects of of ofthe summarythe the spatial spatial spatial ofusability usability theusability cases. and and and Then, the the the maintenan themaintenan maintenan characteristicscece ceperformance performance performance of the cases using using using were thethethe analyzedchecklist checklist checklist inand and and aspects the the the onsite onsite ofonsite the estimation. estimation.spatial estimation. usability Finally, Finally, Finally, and the the the concept concept maintenanceconcept of of ofthe the the maintenance performancemaintenance maintenance strategy usingstrategy strategy the for for checklist for Hanok Hanok Hanok and hashashas thebeen been been onsite suggested. suggested. suggested. estimation. Finally, the concept of the maintenance strategy for Hanok has been suggested. 2.2. Characteristics2. Characteristics2. Characteristics Characteristics of of ofKorean Korean of Korean Korean Traditional Traditional Traditional Traditional Public Public Public Public Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities ThereThereThereThere are are are arevarious various various various classification classification classification classification methods methods methods methods to to todistinguish distinguish to distinguish distinguish thethe the thetypes types types types of of ofpublic ofpublic public public facilities facilities facilities facilities in in inHanok Hanok in Hanok Hanok proposedproposedproposedproposed byby by by aa fewa few fewfew officialofficial officialofficial institutionsinstitutions institutions in inin in KoreaKorea Korea like likelike like Ministry MinistryMinistry Ministry of ofof Land, of Land,Land, Land, Transport TransportTransport Transport and andand Maritime and MaritimeMaritime Maritime Affairs; Affairs;Affairs;Affairs;Ministry Ministry Ministry Ministry of Culture, of of ofCulture, Culture, Culture, Sports Sports Sports andSports Tourism;and and and Tourism; Tourism; Tourism; The KoreanThe The The Korean Korean Korean Housing Housing Housing Housing Association, Association, Association, Association, and soand and on.and so so As soon. on. aon. resultAs As As a a a of resultresultresultanalyzing of of ofanalyzing analyzing analyzing those tho criteriatho thosese secriteria criteria definingcriteria defining defining defining Hanok Hanok Hanok andHanok new-Hanok and and and new new new-Hanok-Hanok- orHanok neo-Hanok, or or orneo neo neo-Hanok,-Hanok,-Hanok, it was it it judged was itwas was judged judged thatjudged the that that that most thethethe appropriatemost most most appropriate appropriate appropriate classification classification classification classification standard standard standard standard is establishing is is isestablishing establishing establishing three differentthree three three different different different types accordingtypes types types according according according to their to to structural totheir their their structuralstructuralstructuralformations formations formations formations and materials and and and materials materials materials [6]. 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