DOCSLIB.ORG

Palaeomagnetic, 40Ar/39Ar, and Stratigraphical Correlation Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Palaeomagnetic, 40Ar/39Ar, and Stratigraphical Correlation Of Antarctic Science 17 (3), 409–417 (2005) © Antarctic Science Ltd Printed in the UK DOI: 10.1017/S0954102005002853 Palaeomagnetic, 40Ar/39Ar, and stratigraphical correlation of Miocene–Pliocene basalts in the Brandy Bay area, James Ross Island, Antarctica LEÓ KRISTJÁNSSON1*, MAGNÚS T. GUDMUNDSSON1, JOHN L. SMELLIE2, WILLIAM C. MCINTOSH3 and RICHARD ESSER3 1 Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland 2British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK 3New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA *[email protected] Abstract: A revised stratigraphy of Cenozoic volcanic outcrops in the Brandy Bay area on James Ross Island is obtained by combining palaeomagnetic and stratigraphical anlysis with 40Ar/39Ar dating. The fieldwork was carried out between January and March 2002. Oriented palaeomagnetic samples were obtained from 17 volcanic units, the majority of samples being from lava-fed deltas. Individually the deltas are a few to several hundred metres thick and were formed during voluminous basaltic eruptions within an ice sheet or in a marine setting. Out of the sampled units, 15 carry a stable primary magnetization; six were of normal polarity and nine were reversely magnetized. Our 40Ar/39Ar dating constrains the emplacement of most of the Brandy Bay basalts to the Gilbert chron, with the youngest dated unit having an age of 3.95 Ma and the oldest 6.16 Ma. The mean palaeomagnetic field direction from 14 units has an inclination I = -76° α and declination D = 352°, 95 = 7°. The results further suggest that the lava caps on some of the deltas have high remanent intensity and should generate recognizable aeromagnetic anomalies. The combination of palaeomagnetic and isotopic analysis with field mapping methods in a single field area is unique in Antarctica so far and demonstrates that the combination can yield rigorous local stratigraphy in a geographically remote volcanic terrain having discontinuous outcrops. Received 19 October 2004, accepted 11 April 2005 Key words: lava-fed deltas, Neogene, radiometric dating, volcanics Introduction been relatively few, particularly for the Antarctic Peninsula, The James Ross Island Volcanic Group (JRIVG) is a large a region with several Cenozoic volcanic fields (Smellie alkali basaltic volcanic province situated near the northern 1990, 1999). In this paper the mapped field relationships, tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1). It contains extensive magnetic stratigraphy and 40Ar/39Ar chronology of the outcrops of lava and hyaloclastite sequences formed in a Brandy Bay area in north-western James Ross Island are marine or englacial setting during the late Cenozoic (Nelson presented. Our results provide new insights into the 1975, Skilling 1994, 2002, Smellie 1999 and unpublished). stratigraphy and volcanic activity of the area as well as The JRIVG offers excellent exposures of lava-fed deltas being the first palaeomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar results and their stratigraphical correlation and dating should published for the JRIVG. provide important insights into palaeoenvironmental conditions, such as extent of glacial cover at the time of Geological setting their formation. The outcrops are, however, lithologically similar regardless of age, and are discontinuous. Attempts to The James Ross Island Volcanic Group dominates the construct a rigorous stratigraphy have failed so far (cf. outcrop geology of James Ross Island (JRI), Vega Island Nelson 1975, Smellie 1999). and several small islands in Prince Gustav Channel (Fig. 1). Reversals of palaeomagnetic polarity have been much It also includes the southern Tabarin Peninsula, islands in used as a stratigraphic tool in volcanic regions for half a Antarctic Sound and southern Dundee Island, nearby to the century (e.g. Hospers 1954, McElhinny 1973), across north-east of JRI (e.g. Smellie 1999). These volcanic rocks distances ranging from 10-1 to 104 km. Atypical primary unconformably overlie relatively unconsolidated remanence directions in individual extrusive or intrusive Cretaceous marine sediments (e.g. Bibby 1966, Crame et al. units have also been applied occasionally in local 1991). The JRIVG is principally made up of alkaline basalts correlation. In contrast to many other regions, erupted in a back-arc extensional setting during the slowing palaeomagnetic studies of volcanic rocks in Antarctica have stages of subduction of Drake Passage oceanic crust at the 409 410 LEÓ KRISTJÁNSSON et al. Fig. 1. Maps showing the location of James Ross Island (JRI) and the study area (Brandy Bay, situated at the northern end of the Ulu Peninsula). The palaeomagnetic sampling locations are also indicated. South Shetland trench (Nelson 1975, Hole et al. 1994, Smellie 1999). Subduction continues today but at a very slow rate (Larter 1991). James Ross Island is by far the largest individual outcrop of the group, forming a large polygenetic stratovolcano with a basal diameter of at least 40–60 km (Smellie 1990). Inland exposures are few because of extensive present-day ice cover, but there are several largely snow-free areas around the coast, particularly on the west and north-west sides, which collectively comprise the Ulu Peninsula. The central ice cap rises to more than 1600 m a.s.l. at Mount Haddington, which was probably the source of most of the voluminous basaltic eruptions which constructed the James Ross Island volcano. The Brandy Bay area, at the northern end of Ulu Peninsula, is the largest ice-free part of JRI and forms the subject of this paper. The exposed geology of JRI is dominated by several lava- fed deltas, individually up to several hundred metres thick. They consist of horizontal subaerial lava flows overlying steeply dipping hyaloclastite breccias (Nelson 1975). Glacial sedimentary outcrops are also widespread, separating the volcanic units and overlying the Cretaceous bedrock (Pirrie et al. 1997 and unpublished, Carrizo et al. 1998, Jonkers et al. 2002, Hambrey & Smellie in press). Other (fewer) outcrops are mainly tuff cones and rare dykes. There is evidence for eruptions in both englacial and lacustrine settings (Nelson 1975, Smellie 1999 and Fig. 2. Schematic vertical sections through the major lava-fed unpublished). delta outcrops in the Brandy Bay area. Approximate locations of 40Ar/39Ar dated samples and palaeomagnetic samples are also shown. Not to scale. BRANDY BAY REVISED VOLCANIC STRATIGRAPHY 411 Fig. 3. Representative 40Ar/39Ar age spectra for the sample groups, A, B and C, from the Brandy Bay area. 412 LEÓ KRISTJÁNSSON et al. Table I. Results of 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dating on basalts from the Brandy Bay area of James Ross Island. Sample Volcanic unit Weight (mg) n*%39Ar Age** ± 2σ (Ma) Group*** DJ.1714.5 Lachman Crags main delta 63.6 6 94.8 5.04 ± 0.04 A DJ.1718.1 Lachman Crags upper delta 61.0 5 77.1 3.95 ± 0.05 A DJ.1721.5 Unnamed hill upper delta 60.1 5 69.3 5.91 ± 0.08 C DJ.1721.7 Unnamed hill summit intrusion 65.8 7 92.9 5.14 ± 0.38 B DJ.1721.11 Unnamed hill lower delta 59.8 3 60.3 5.89 ± 0.09 C DJ.1722.1 Stickle Ridge lower delta 61.6 7 92.9 6.16 ± 0.08 A DJ.1722.6 Stickle Ridge upper delta 60.4 7 91.5 4.35 ± 0.39 B DJ.1725.5A Davis Dome basal delta 61.0 6 81.0 5.64 ± 0.25 C DJ.1726.11 Davis Dome upper delta 61.9 3 49.3 4.78 ± 0.07 C DJ.1729.8 Davis Dome main delta 63.2 7 95.0 4.71 ± 0.06 A Analytical methods: Sample preparation and irradiation Groundmass concentrates were prepared using standard separation techniques (crushing, sieving, frantzing and hand-picking). Separate was loaded into a machined Al disc and irradiated for 7 hours in the D-3 position, Nuclear Science Center, College Station, Texas. Neutron flux monitor Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine (FC-1). Assigned age = 27.84 Ma (Deino & Potts 1990) equivalent to Mmhb-1 at 520.4 Ma (Samson & Alexander 1987). Instrumentation Mass Analyzer Products 215–50 mass spectrometer on line with automated all-metal extraction system. Samples step-heated in Mo double-vacuum resistance furnace. Heating duration 9 min. Reactive gases removed by reaction with 3 SAES GP-50 getters, 2 operated at ~450°C and 1 at 20°C, together with a W filament operated at ~2000°C. Notes: *n = number of steps used in weighted mean age calculations. ** Weighted mean age calculated by weighting each age analysis by the inverse of the variance; Weighted mean errors (± 2 σ) calculated using the method of (Taylor 1982), multiplied by square root of MSWD if MSWD > 1; Decay constants and isotopic abundances after Steiger & Jäger (1977). ***Results are divided into groups based on age spectra, as detailed in text. levels were recorded by the different elevations of passage Geology of the Brandy Bay area zones in the formations. More recent work indicates that the The Brandy Bay area has several lava-fed deltas, abundant eruptive environment varied between marine and (mainly) mainly thin outcrops of glacial sedimentary rocks, and a few glacial, so the restriction to horizontal passage zones may exposed dykes (Figs 1 & 2). In addition, surtseyan cones no longer apply (Smellie 1999 and unpublished data). crop out at Bibby and Stoneley points. Stickle Ridge and an However, coincident passage zone elevations between unnamed peak 2.5 km to the north-east are the southernmost disparate, otherwise-similar but undated outcrops might still units sampled in this study. These are small, isolated be a useful stratigraphical correlation tool, if used over short erosional remnants of previously more extensive lava distances (< a few km). Conversely, the absence of deltas. In contrast, Lachman Crags to the east and Davis coincident passage zone elevations cannot be taken as a Dome to the west are less eroded and more extensive proof of a lack of correlation, since the two outcrops may be remnants of up to three superimposed deltas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Upper Cretaceous), Northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula
    Cretaceous Research 56 (2015) 550e562 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Calcareous nannofossils from the Santa Marta Formation (Upper Cretaceous), northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula * Rodrigo do Monte Guerra a, , Andrea Concheyro b, c, Jackie Lees d, Gerson Fauth a, Marcelo de Araujo Carvalho e, Renato Rodriguez Cabral Ramos e a ITT Fossil, Instituto Tecnologico de Micropaleontologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Av. UNISINOS, 950, B. Cristo Rei/CEP: 93.022- 000, Sao~ Leopoldo, RS, Brazil b Instituto Antartico Argentino (IAA), Buenos Aires, Argentina c IDEAN-CONICET, Departamento de Ci^encias Geologicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellon II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina d Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK e Museu Nacional e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil article info abstract Article history: This study reports on the most stratigraphically extensive nannofloras yet recovered from the Lachman Received 26 March 2015 Crags Member of the Santa Marta Formation, James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The productive Received in revised form samples are dated as early Campanian. These ages are in accord with those provided by ammonites, 15 June 2015 foraminifera, ostracods and radiolarians from the same locality. The consistent and relatively abundant Accepted in revised form 16 June 2015 presence of Gephyrobiscutum diabolum throughout the productive part of the section, a species that has Available online 11 July 2015 previously only been documented from the Falkland Plateau, extends its geographic distribution to higher latitudes, at least to the Antarctic Peninsula area.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLES Definition of Late Cretaceous Stage Boundaries In
    ARTICLES De®nition of Late Cretaceous Stage Boundaries in Antarctica Using Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy J. M. McArthur, J. A. Crame,1 and M. F. Thirlwall2 Department of Geological Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT New 87Sr/86Sr analyses of macrofossils from 13 key marker horizons on James Ross and Vega Islands, Antarctica, allow the integration of the Antarctic Late Cretaceous succession into the standard biostratigraphic zonation schemes of the Northern Hemisphere. The 87Sr/86Sr data enable Late Cretaceous stage boundaries to be physically located with accuracy for the ®rst time in a composite Southern Hemisphere reference section and so make the area one of global importance for documenting Late Cretaceous biotic evolution, particularly radiation and extinction events. The 87Sr/86Sr values allow the stage boundaries of the Turonian/Coniacian, Coniacian/Santonian, Santonian/Campanian, and Campanian/Maastrichtian, as well as other levels, to be correlated with both the United Kingdom and United States. These correlations show that current stratigraphic ages in Antarctica are too young by as much as a stage. Immediate implications of our new ages include the fact that Inoceramus madagascariensis, a useful fossil for regional austral correlation, is shown to be Turonian (probably Late Turonian) in age; the ªMytiloidesº africanus species complex is exclusively Late Coniacian in age; both Baculites bailyi and Inoceramus cf. expansus have a Late Con- iacian/Early Santonian age range; an important heteromorph ammonite assemblage comprising species of Eubostry- choceras, Pseudoxybeloceras, Ainoceras, and Ryugasella is con®rmed as ranging from latest Coniacian to very earliest Campanian.
    [Show full text]
  • First Description of Scleractinian Corals from the Santa Marta and Snow Hill Island (Gamma Member) Formations, Upper Cretaceous, James Ross Island, Antarctica
    • Article • Advances in Polar Science doi: 10.13679/j.advps.2020.0013 September 2020 Vol. 31 No. 3: 205-214 First description of scleractinian corals from the Santa Marta and Snow Hill Island (Gamma Member) formations, Upper Cretaceous, James Ross Island, Antarctica Roberto VIDEIRA-SANTOS1,2*, Sandro Marcelo SCHEFFLER1, Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira PONCIANO3, Luiz Carlos WEINSCHÜTZ4, Rodrigo Giesta FIGUEIREDO5, Taissa RODRIGUES6, Juliana Manso SAYÃO7,8, Douglas Santos RIFF9 & Alexander Wilhelm Armin KELLNER8 1 Laboratório de Paleoinvertebrados, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 07, s/n, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; 3 Laboratório de Tafonomia e Paleoecologia Aplicadas – LABTAPHO, Departamento de Ciências Naturais – DCN, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, 22290-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; 4 Centro Paleontológico de Mafra – CENPALEO, Universidade do Contestado, Av. Pres. Nereu Ramos,1071, 89300-000, Mafra, SC, Brazil; 5 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES, Alto Universitário s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, Brazil; 6 Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil; 7 Laboratório de Paleobiologia
    [Show full text]
  • Mitidieri, M. Estudio De Patologías Óseas En Reptiles Marinos Mesozoicos De Patagonia Y Antártida
    ESTUDIO DE PATOLOGÍAS ÓSEAS EN REPTILES MARINOS MESOZOICOS DE PATAGONIA Y ANTÁRTIDA Trabajo Final Licenciatura en Paleontología (UNRN 2021) Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Autor: Matías Mitidieri Universidad Nacional de Río Negro EEUU 750, General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. Directora: Marianella Talevi Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología Universidad Nacional de Río Negro - CONICET Av. Roca 1242, General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. Mitidieri, M. Estudio de patologías óseas en reptiles marinos mesozoicos de Patagonia y Antártida. 2021 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres por haberme apoyado en cada etapa de mi vida y particularmente en la elección de mi carrera, así como al resto de mi familia (hermanos, tíos, primos y abuelos) por el interés mostrado en el desarrollo de esta Tesis. A mi directora, Dra. Marianella Talevi, por la lectura crítica de las sucesivas versiones de este Trabajo Final de Licenciatura, por los consejos dados y el apoyo incondicional durante el desarrollo del mismo. A la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), al Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG) y al Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional (CIN) por brindar el marco institucional y financiamiento necesarios para la realización de este trabajo. A mis amigos que me acompañaron durante el cursado de la Licenciatura en Paleontología: Gerardo, Lautaro, Lisandro, Lucas y Rocío. Finalmente, deseo agradecer a todos aquellos que, aunque no mencionados explícitamente, han colaborado de muchas maneras a lo largo de estos cinco años. 1 Mitidieri, M. Estudio de patologías óseas en reptiles marinos mesozoicos de Patagonia y Antártida. 2021 ÍNDICE RESUMEN………………………………………………………………….……...………4 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….……….…..…..6 CAPÍTULO 1 – INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Method for the Systematic Identification of Globally Important Geological Sites in Antarctica
    Attachment A Method for the systematic identification of globally important geological sites in Antarctica Introduction and concepts The SCAR Action Group on Geological Heritage and Geoconservation discussed methods to identify sites of globally important geological value at its 2nd meeting held during the SCAR/IASC Open Science Conference in Davos, Switzerland, 17 July 2018. It was agreed that the procedure for the identification of Antarctic sites of exceptional geological value should follow the methods of the Global Geosites Project (which is promoted and co-sponsored by UNESCO and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), and focusses on the identification of geological heritage), but adapted for the unique situation and specific circumstances found in Antarctica. One benefit of this approach is that the process would be comparable with that used globally, and would allow the many unique processes that have occurred within Antarctica to be understood within a global context. The objective of the proposed method for Antarctica is to select the most important sites for geological science, taking a global perspective and using a comparative review, resulting in the selection of geological sites worthy of international recognition. The method, has two steps, as follows (see Figure 1): 1. The systematic classification of Antarctica’s geological past into defined geological themes through the identification of a list of Geological Frameworks. SCAR has already completed this process with the initial identification of nine Geological Frameworks that represent the most significant events in Antarctic’s geological past (see Annex 1). 2. The subsequent identification of Antarctic sites of exceptional geological importance (known as Antarctic Geosites) within each of the identified Geological Frameworks.
    [Show full text]
  • Análisis Comparativo De La Microestructura Ósea Y
    Garat, L.M. Análisis comparativo de la microestructura ósea y paleohistología en diferentes secciones de la 2019 columna vertebral de un plesiosaurio (elasmosáurido) del Cretácico Superior de Antártida. AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, quiero expresar mi gratitud hacia mis directores. A la Dra. Marianella Talevi, por su paciencia, tenacidad y dedicación en la dirección de este trabajo, el cual no vería la luz sin su apoyo. Al Dr. Patricio José O’Gorman, por sus aportes y sugerencias que han ayudado a mejorar el manuscrito. También deseo agradecer al Dr. Ignacio Alejandro Cerda por compartir su tiempo e instruirme en esta disciplina que he aprendido a amar. A mi madre por su apoyo incondicional y su eterno cariño. A mis amigos y compañeros de la Y.I.K.G.A. a quienes considero mi segunda familia. Por último quisiera agradecer a los docentes y a la comunidad de la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (U.N.R.N.) que me formaron como profesional, al Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional (C.I.N.) por el financiamiento de este trabajo de grado y al Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (I.I.P.G.) y a su director Silvio Casadío por haber brindado el espacio y los instrumentos del Laboratorio de Microscopia para el análisis de las muestras. 1 Garat, L.M. Análisis comparativo de la microestructura ósea y paleohistología en diferentes secciones de la 2019 columna vertebral de un plesiosaurio (elasmosáurido) del Cretácico Superior de Antártida. ÍNDICE RESUMEN……………………………………………………………………………..4 ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………... 6 CAPÍTULO 1 – INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Introducción……………………………………………………………………. 8 1.2. Hipótesis de trabajo…………………………………………………………..12 1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book
    4th Interdisciplinary Antarctic Earth Sciences Conference Oct. 13-15, 2019 Antarctic deep field camp planning workshop Oct. 15-16, 2019 Camp Cedar Glen, Julian, CA Thanks to those who make our science possible and many others... AGENDA 2019 Interdisciplinary Antarctic Earth Sciences Conference Saturday, Oct. 12 4:00 pm Earliest possible check in at Camp Cedar Glen 5:00 8:00 Badge pick up @ Camp Cedar Glen, dinner and social at Julian Brewing Co. (Participants pay) Rides available. See Christine Kassab to load Sunday presentations. Sunday, Oct. 13 start End notes Title Authors 8:00 9:00 Breakfast with Safety Orientation from Camp staff. Badge pick up and load talks in Griffin Hall 9:00 9:10 Welcome Organizing Committee: B. Adams, B. Goehring, J. Isbell, K. Licht, K. Panter, L. Stearns, K. Tinto 9:10 9:20 NSF remarks Mike Jackson 9:20 9:35 Processes acting on Antarctic mantle: Implications for James M.D. Day flexure and volcanism 9:35 9:50 Sub-Ice Thermal Anomaly Mapping Using Phil Wannamaker, G. Hill, V. Magnetotellurics. Considering the U.S. Great Basin as Maris, J. Stodt, Y. Ogawa an Analog 9:50 10:10 INVITED: Pre-glacial and glacial uplift and incision Stuart N. Thomson, P. W. Reiners, history of the central Transantarctic Mountains J. He, S. R. Hemming, K.J. Licht reevaluated using multiple low-temperature thermochronometers 10:10 10:25 New single-crystal age determinations for basement K.W. Parsons, Willis Hames, S. rocks in the Miller Range of the Ross Orogen, Central Thomson Transantarctic Mountains 10:25 10:45 Break 10:45 11:05 INVITED: Antarctic Subglacial Limnology: John E.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcareous Nannoplankton As Paleoceanographic And
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 Calcareous Nannoplankton as Paleoceanographic and Biostratigraphic Proxies: Examples from the Mid-Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic (ODP Leg 207) and Pleistocene of the Antarctic Peninsula (NBP0602A) and North Atlantic (IODP Exp. 306) Denise Kay Kulhanek Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON AS PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC PROXIES: EXAMPLES FROM THE MID-CRETACEOUS EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC (ODP LEG 207) AND PLEISTOCENE OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA (NBP0602A) AND NORTH ATLANTIC (IODP EXP. 306) By DENISE KAY KULHANEK A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Geological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Denise Kay Kulhanek All Rights Reserved The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Denise Kay Kulhanek defended on August 6, 2009. __________________________________ Sherwood W. Wise, Jr. Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Philip N. Froelich, Jr. Outside Committee Member __________________________________ William C. Parker Committee Member __________________________________ Yang Wang Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii To my husband Simon iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help and encouragement of many, many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Sherwood “Woody” Wise, who encouraged me to take advantage of many different opportunities while I was a doctoral student. Without his support I would not have had the chance to sail as a calcareous nannofossil paleontologist on Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 306 to the North Atlantic.
    [Show full text]
  • Libro Antartida.Indd
    COMPILADOR Colaboradores Editoriales Prof. Maria Josefa Fioriti Prof. Gabriela Rouiller Diseño Tapa Diseñadora Gráfica Lorena Vago Instituto Nacional del Agua Diagramación interior Diseñador Gráfico Mariano Masariche Foto tapa Ing. Patxi Elichiry Humedales Subpolares de la Cuenca del Arroyo Matías, Península Potter, Isla 25 de Mayo (King George), Schetland del Sur Antártida. Los autores se responsabilizan de la información y los trabajos edita- dos en la presente obra El agua en el norte de la península antártica / Adrían Angel Busso...[el al.]; compilado por Adrían Angel Busso - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires: Fundación de Historia Natu- ral Félix de Azara, 2009. 168 p. ; 24x17 cm. ISBN 978-987-22121-8-6 1. Hidrología. 1. Busso, Adrían Angel II. Busso, Adrían Angel, comp. CDD 551.3 El Compilador de este trabajo agradece a las autoridades de la SubSecretaría de Recursos Hídricos de la Nación y de la Dirección Nacional del Antártico. En particular a las siguientes Instituciones que permitieron la participación de los diversos autores: Instituto Nacional del Agua, In- stituto Antártico Argentino y al Dpto. de Cs. Geológicas, FCEyN, Universidad Buenos Aires. En general extend- emos nuestro agradecimiento a las Fuerzas Armadas del República Argentina dado que su apoyo logístico perma- nente hace posible la realización de nuestro trabajo en el continente. En términos particulares, agradezco en primer lugar al Dr. Carlos Rinaldi que inicailemnte apoyó la investigación hi- drológica e hidrogeológica en el Continente Antártico, a la Prof. María Josefa Fioriti por su colaboración, al Cap. de Corveta Beltrán (Servicio de Hidrografía Naval) y fi- nalmente a los evaluadores, autores, colegas y amigos que han participado con su tiempo, sugerencias y voluntad en la realización de esta publicación.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on the U.S. Antarctic Program's
    National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Advisory Committee Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on the U.S. Antarctic Program’s Research Vessel Procurement August 14, 2019 Members Kim S. Bernard, Oregon State University Amy Leventer, Colgate University Jonathan Michael Prince, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, SJSU/CSU Randy Sliester, British Antarctic Survey James H. Swift, UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Chair) Tom Weingartner (member and OPP/AC liaison) Tim McGovern, National Science Foundation - OPP liaison PART I. Summary _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8 A. Executive Summary ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 B. Impetus and Approach __________________________________________________________________________ 14 B.1 Synopsis of Issues _____________________________________________________________________________________ 14 B.2 Subcommittee Charge and Scope of Activities ______________________________________________________ 15 B.3 General Approach _____________________________________________________________________________________ 16 B.4 Acknowledgements ___________________________________________________________________________________ 16 C. Relationship of the Analyses to Strategic Science and Logistics Planning ______________ 17 C.1 Strategic planning and future polar science initiatives _____________________________________________ 17 C.1.1 National Science Board 2020 Vision for the National Science Foundation
    [Show full text]
  • Drepanocladus Longifolius As a Case Study
    Organisms Diversity & Evolution (2018) 18:263–278 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-018-0372-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do Antarctic populations represent local or widespread phylogenetic and ecological lineages? Complicated fate of bipolar moss concepts with Drepanocladus longifolius as a case study Marta Saługa1 & Ryszard Ochyra1 & Jan Żarnowiec2 & Michał Ronikier1 Received: 2 March 2018 /Accepted: 30 July 2018 /Published online: 9 August 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Bipolar moss species, extreme examples of large and disjunctive geographical ranges, belong to the most important components of the vegetation cover in Antarctica. Their appropriate taxonomic interpretations are essential for fine-scale biogeographical considerations but our knowledge on their phylogenetic affinities still remains limited. Here, we address the history of the Antarctic populations of Drepanocladus longifolius, a moss species widely considered a bipolar taxon. First, based on a worldwide sampling, we verify its assumed bipolar status. Then, we ask whether its current Antarctic populations have persisted throughout at least the last major glaciation in situ or, alternatively, are they a recent, postglacial element. Phylogenetic analyses together with investigation of morphological characters were used to infer relationships among accessions representing the whole distribution range of the taxon. Morphological and phylogenetic data strictly segregated specimens from the Southern and the Northern Hemisphere, with an exception of Australian populations that were included in the latter group. The Antarctic, sub- Antarctic and South American populations belong to a single clade and are treated as D. longifolius s. str., which consequently is not a bipolar taxon. All Northern Hemisphere populations and the ones from Australia represent D.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Exploration of Cockburn Island, Antarctic Peninsula
    vol. 23, no. 1, pp. xxx–xxx, 2002 Geological exploration of Cockburn Island, Antarctic Peninsula JEFFREY D. STILWELL School of Earth Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: Cockburn Island is one of the most historically significant places on the Ant− arctic continent. The isle was first surveyed in early 1843 during Captain James Ross’ fa− mous expedition, but the early explorers failed to recognise its geological and palaeonto− logical significance. Cockburn Island is exceptional for it has the only succession of Upper Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene–Pliocene rocks on the continent, which is now known to contain an admirable and diverse fossil record of fauna and flora. These fossil assemblages are providing exciting new information on the evolutionary history of Antarctica. At least 22 species of Late Cretaceous macroinvertebrates and vertebrates have been recognised, whereas the Eocene record is slightly more diverse at 28 macroinvertebrate taxa recorded. The Pliocene macrofossil record is depauperateatsome 11 species, butmicrofossils (dia− toms, ostracods, foraminifera) are represented by at least 94 taxa. The palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic significance of fossil assemblages is explored in this paper. Further, a checklist of fossils is presented herein, for the first time, as is a bibliography of the geology and palaeontology of the island. Key words: Antarctica, Cockburn Island, geology, palaeontology, history, bibliography. Introduction Cockburn Island (Figs 1, 2, 12), a small butprominentisle some 5 km northof Cape Bodman on Seymour Island at the boundary of Admiralty Sound and Erebus and Terror Gulf at latitude 64°13’S and longitude 56°50’E, has the honourable dis− tinction of being one the first places to be visited by early Antarctic explorers dur− ing the first half of the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]