Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation Through Spatial Data Analysis
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation Through Spatial Data Analysis May 2012 Predicting Truck Crash Involvement: A 2011 Update April 2011 Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation Through Spatial Data Analysis Phase 1 Report Identification of Large Truck Rollover Concentrations by State May 2012 Lisa Park Research Analyst American Transportation Research Institute Atlanta, GA David Pierce Research Associate American Transportation Research Institute Atlanta, GA 950 N. Glebe Road, Suite 210 Arlington, Virginia 22203 www.atri-online.org ATRI BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Steve Williams Mr. William J. Logue Chairman of the ATRI Board President & CEO Chairman & CEO FedEx Freight Maverick USA, Inc. Memphis, TN Little Rock, AR Ms. Judy McReynolds Mr. Michael S. Card President & CEO President Arkansas Best Corporation Combined Transport, Inc. Fort Smith, AR Central Point, OR Mr. Jeffrey J. McCaig Mr. Edward Crowell President & CEO President & CEO Trimac Transportation, Inc. Georgia Motor Trucking Association Houston, TX Atlanta, GA Mr. Gregory L. Owen Mr. Rich Freeland Head Coach & CEO President – Engine Business Ability/ Tri-Modal Transportation Services Cummins Inc. Carson, CA Columbus, IN Mr. Douglas W. Stotlar Mr. Hugh H. Fugleberg President & CEO President & COO Con-way Inc. Great West Casualty Company Ann Arbor, MI South Sioux City, NE Ms. Rebecca M. Brewster Mr. Jack Holmes President & COO President American Transportation Research UPS Freight Institute Richmond, VA Atlanta, GA Mr. Ludvik F. Koci Honorable Bill Graves Director President & CEO Penske Transportation Components American Trucking Associations Bloomfield Hills, MI Arlington, VA Mr. Chris Lofgren President & CEO Schneider National, Inc. Green Bay, WI ATRI RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE Mr. Philip L. Byrd, Sr., RAC Mr. John Flanagan Mr. Dean Newell Chairman Manager, Quality, Safety & Vice President, Safety President & CEO Fleet Services Maverick USA, Inc. Bulldog Hiway Express Stevens Van Lines Mr. Steve L. Niswander Ms. Kendra Adams Mr. Tom Flies VP, Safety Policy & Regulatory Executive Director Senior Director, Relations New York State Motor Truck Product Management Groendyke Transport, Inc. Association Qualcomm Mr. Deane H. Sager Dr. Teresa M. Adams Mr. Bryan Foe Director-Transportation Director of CFIRE Vice President, Transportation Industry Practices University of Wisconsin C.H. Robinson Worldwide The Northland Group Ms. Susan Alt Mr. David Foster Mr. Brett A. Sant VP, VP Industry Relations and Vice President, Field VP, Safety & Risk Public Affairs Maintenance Management Volvo Group Southeastern Freight Lines Knight Transportation, Inc. Ms. Cheryl Bynum Ms. Patti Gillette Mr. Jim Schultz Manager, SmartWay Transport Safety Director ITS Program Manager Partnership Colorado Motor Carriers Michigan Department of U.S. Environmental Protection Association Transportation Agency Mr. John Hancock Ms. Nanci Tellam Mr. LaMont Byrd Director Group Director, Environmental Director, Safety & Health Prime, Inc. Services & Sustainability Department Ryder System, Inc. International Brotherhood of Mr. Steve A. Keppler Teamsters Executive Director Ms. Tom Weakley Commercial Vehicle Safety Director of Operations Mr. Terry Croslow Alliance Owner-Operator Independent Chief Financial Officer Drivers Association Foundation Bestway Express, Inc. Mr. Alan Korn Chief Engineer Apps & Mr. Scott Wombold Mr. Ted Dahlburg Customer Support Vice President, National Manager, Office of Freight Meritor Wabco Accounts & Wholesale Fuel Planning Pilot Travel Centers Delaware Valley Regional Ms. Jennifer Morrison Planning Commission Vehicle Factors Engineer Mr. Greer Woodruff National Transportation Safety Senior Vice President of Mr. Tom DiSalvi Board Corporate Safety& Security Director of Loss Prevention J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Schneider National, Inc. Mr. Michael Naatz Inc. President Mr. Chad England USF Holland, Inc. Chief Operating Officer C.R. England, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 6 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 9 2.1 Causal Factors in Large Truck Rollover Crashes ................................................... 9 2.2 Methods for Spatial Analysis of Large Truck Rollover Crashes ........................... 10 2.3 Application of GIS to Spatial Analysis of Large Truck Rollover Crashes .............. 12 2.4 Summary of Literature Review ............................................................................. 13 3.0 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Defining Data Elements and Review of Data Sources ......................................... 14 3.2 Data Assimilation and Mapping ............................................................................ 15 3.3 Cluster Identification Procedures ......................................................................... 16 3.4 State Reports ....................................................................................................... 18 4.0 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 19 APPENDIX A ................................................................................................................ 22 TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. CLUSTER TOLERANCE ............................................................................ 17 FIGURE 2. PARTICIPATION BY STATE ..................................................................... 19 4 Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation Through Spatial Data Analysis – May 2012 LIST OF ACRONYMS AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AF Accident Frequency ATRI American Transportation Research Institute CR Crash Rate DOT Department of Transportation EB Empirical Bayes FARS Fatality Analysis Reporting System FHWA Federal Highway Administration GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GVW Gross Vehicle Weight HSID Hot Spot Identification MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization PAR Potential for Accident Reduction PDOE Property Damage Only Equivalent POC Point of Contact RTM Regression to the Mean VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation 5 Through Spatial Data Analysis – May 2012 ABSTRACT Crashes involving large trucks often result in numerous impediments to the transportation system, severe property damage and serious injuries or fatalities. In 2009 there were over 8,000 large truck crashes in which a rollover was categorized as the “most harmful event” for the large truck.1 Truck rollovers also tend to be severe; over half (52%) of all large truck occupant fatalities involved a rollover in 2009.2 To study this issue, fatal crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and non-fatal crash data obtained from various state agencies were analyzed and mapped in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to explore the prevalence of large truck rollover events at particular sites. This report identifies dense concentrations of large truck rollovers using historical crash data from 2001 to 2009. This analysis demonstrates that a geographic database of large truck rollover events can be created to identify locations where large truck rollovers frequently occur. Future phases of the research will explore technology solutions to reduce the occurrence of rollover crashes and improve the overall safety of the transportation system. 1Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2009. Washington DC : Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, United States Department of Transportation, 2011. FMCSA-RRA-11-025. 2 Fatality Facts 2009: Large Trucks. Highway Safety Research and Communications. [Online] Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. [Cited: October 31, 2011.] http://www.iihs.org/research/fatality_facts_2009/largetrucks.html. 6 Mapping Large Truck Rollovers: Identification and Mitigation Through Spatial Data Analysis – May 2012 1.0 INTRODUCTION Mitigating the impact of large truck rollover events is vital to improving the safety and efficiency of the nation’s transportation system. In 2009 there were over 8,000 large truck crashes in which a rollover was categorized as the “most harmful event” for the large truck.3 While this accounts for only 2.8 percent of all U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) reported large truck crashes, truck rollovers tend to be severe.4 Over half (52%) of all large truck occupant fatalities involved a rollover in 2009.5 In addition to the loss of life, rollovers are extremely costly. A 2009 study found the cost of a rollover that resulted only in property damage to be, on average, $196,958.6 That average cost increased nearly six-fold to $1,143,018 when a fatality occurred.7 Large truck rollovers are often induced by factors that are unique to the truck and its operating environment. Although not all large trucks are configured in the same manner, or have similar load weights and distributions, historical crash data indicates that large trucks are prone to rollover at particular speeds and locations. For