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Jal Shakti Abhiyan Booklet

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Jal Shakti Abhiyan Booklet A Water Conservation Campaign A Water Conservation Campaign 1 JAL SHAKTI 2 ABHIYAN CONTENTS CONTEXT .............................................................................4 JAL SHAKTI ABHIYAN ..........................................................4 AREAS OF INTERVENTIONS ..............................................5 INTERVENTION 1: Water conservation and rainwater harvesting ..................................................6 INTERVENTION 2: Renovation of traditional and water bodies /tanks ............................. 10 INTERVENTION 3: Watershed development ..................................................................... 15 INTERVENTION 4: Reuse and borewell recharge structures ........................................ 18 INTERVENTION 5: Intensive aff orestation .....................23 DISTRICT WATER CONSERVATION PLAN ........................29 ROLL-OUT PLAN ................................................................32 MONITORING AND SUPPORT ...........................................32 COMMUNICATION PLAN.....................................................33 ANNEXURE I ......................................................................34 ANNEXURE II ......................................................................36 ANNEXURE III .....................................................................38 CONTACT DETAILS ........................................................... 42 A Water Conservation Campaign 3 CONTEXT JAL SHAKTI ABHIYAN India has 17 percent of the world’s Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) is a time bound population and 4 percent of the world’s campaign with a mission mode approach freshwater resources ranking it among intended to improve conditions in around the top ten water rich countries. However, 1500 Blocks that are drought aff ected, India the second most populated nation water stressed or over-exploited falling in the world is currently designated as in 254 districts with water conservation water stressed by Intergovernmental Panel related central programmes. 23 of these on Climate Change (IPCC) with current districts are aspirational districts. Designed utilizable freshwater much lower than in the lines of Gram Swaraj Abhiyan, JSA international standards. A 2017 study of is planned to be carried out in two phases. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the Phase I will be carried out between July 1 United Nations (FAO) shows India’s per and September 15, 2019 for all States. For capita storage capacity is signifi cantly low States/UTs with retreating monsoon namely where only 8% of annual rainfall is being Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, and stored. A major grain producer, India also Puducherry, the campaign shall be carried uses 3-5 times more water for crops than out between October 2 and November 30, China, US and Israel, which is considered 2019. disproportionate use of water per crop. During the campaign, senior off icers, Heavy dependence on groundwater, years of groundwater experts and scientists from defi cient rains and disproportionate demand the Government of India will work together for water due to rapid population increase, with State and District off icials in India’s urbanization and industrialization have put most water-stressed districts. JSA aims at considerable stress on water management. making water conservation and promotion of irrigation eff iciency a Jan-Andolan Inspired by the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s through asset creation and communication impetus on Jal Sanchay, Government of campaigns. India is launching the Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) to revive India back to a sustained system of water conservation and eff icient irrigation. JAL SHAKTI 4 ABHIYAN AREAS OF INTERVENTIONS through initiatives like Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Melas Under this campaign, targeted activities ∠ Engagement of national level scientists shall be undertaken under 5 areas of and IITs to be mobilised intervention namely, (i) Water conservation and rainwater harvesting, (ii) Renovation Targeted communication shall be designed of traditional water bodies/tanks, (iii) to promote and achieve accelerated Reuse, borewell recharge structures, (iv) progress of the 5 identifi ed interventions. Watershed development, and (v) Intensive Special focus will be given to mobilise aff orestation. farmers and communities and encourage them to participate in the campaign. In addition, the following interventions will be carried out: These areas of intervention broadly fall ∠ Development of an integrated Block and under the mandate of Ministry of Jal Shakti, district water conservation plans which Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry will incorporate the district irrigation of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers plans Welfare, Ministry of Environment, Forests ∠ Promoting eff icient water use for and Climate Change, and Ministry of irrigation by shift ing to micro irrigation Housing and Urban Aff airs and will be the systems for water intensive crops concerned Ministries for implementing the through intensive use of IEC; and campaign. The Department of Drinking motivating farmers to move to better Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal choice of crops (More Crop per Drop) Shakti is the nodal department for the campaign. A Water Conservation Campaign 5 INTERVENTION 1 Water conservation and rainwater harvesting 1.1. Background 1.2. Problems and Issues in Water Conservation and Water scarcity is a concern across parts of Rainwater Harvesting the country. Water availability per capita is reducing progressively due to increase in ∠ Spatial and temporal variation of rainfall population. The average annual per capita across the district water availability in the years 2001 and 2011 ∠ Encroachment and disuse of existing was assessed as 1820 cubic meters and 1545 water conservation structures cubic meters respectively which may reduce ∠ Large-scale growth of aquatic weeds further to 1341 and 1140 in the years 2025 displacing natural species and and 2050 respectively. Ground water levels chocking the water bodies leading to have fallen in many parts of the country, eutrophication and evaporation losses. which becomes acute in the summer ∠ Lack of enforcement of legal months. Increasing water demand and over instruments relating to rain water dependence on ground water for agriculture harvesting. and other uses coupled with inter-alia lack ∠ of (i) conscious water conservation and (ii) Lack of awareness about available rain water harvesting have decreased the technology options for community based harvesting of rain water availability of water. There is an urgent need to focus on water conservation measures ∠ Lack of people’s participation to sustain including rainwater harvesting to augment conservation activities since these are water resources. seen more a Government intervention than people’s participation. JAL SHAKTI 6 ABHIYAN 1.3. Schemes having potential to identifi cation for eff ective water fi nance Water Conservation harvesting and recharging (technical and Rainwater Harvesting off icers to provide guidance) ∠ Inventorising and restoring existing ∠ MGNREGA and various forestry schemes water conservation structures (like gully help in taking up water storage and plugs, small check dams, staggered conservation structures in rural areas. trenches, ponds etc) at village level and ∠ State Government schemes for water undertake renovation and maintenance conservation under taken by Rural activities to improve their eff iciency and Development and Panchayati raj eff ectiveness. Departments. ∠ Development of additional water 1.4. Important notes about conservation structures. Water Conservation and ∠ Cleaning of wells and allowing the Rainwater Harvesting fi ltered rain water to be collected in it. ∠ Contour bunding and trenching in slopes ∠ Assessment of water availability and for water percolation to soil planning for type of conservation structure suiting local conditions. ∠ Construct rain water harvesting structures in panchayat buildings, ∠ Mobilizing local NGOs, industries, public schools, public health centres, college and school students and government buildings and other volunteers for undertaking the conservation works. ∠ Encourage construction of rain water harvesting at household levels through ∠ Geo-morphology based site IEC. Village pond A Water Conservation Campaign 7 ∠ Identifi cation of suitable sites for 1.5. Activities that can be taken construction of sub-surface Dykes to up under the intervention check the sub-base fl ow in rivers and streams. 1. Rooft op rainwater harvesting structures at Individual household level ∠ Improving the canal water distribution (warabandi) management and 2. Check dams eff iciency. 3. Trenches ∠ Eff ective watershed management 4. Farm Ponds involving contour trenching and nala plugging in hills and other appropriate water conservation and rain water- 1.6. Community led Water harvesting structures. Conservation and Rainwater Harvesting Models Best Practices of Ground Water Harvesting1 Schematic diagram of rain water harvesting Rainwater Water pipe Water pipe Dug well Water table 1http://mowr.gov.in/sites/default/fi les/BP_NGO_0.pdf JAL SHAKTI 8 ABHIYAN Checklist for off icers to evaluate Water Conservation and Rainwater Harvesting Parameter Assessment Inventorising the existing structures and No. of existing structures that are restored/ their restoration cannot be restored Scientifi c identifi cation of locations for No. of sites identifi ed and works taken up diff erent water conservation structures Increase in groundwater level if any between Ground water
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