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Climate Change, Gender and Adaptation Strategies in Dryland Research Report No. 65 ICRISAT Research Program Resilient Dryland System Climate Change, Gender and Adaptation Strategies in Dryland Systems of South Asia A Household Level Analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan States of India K Palanisami, Amare Haileslassie, Krishna Reddy Kakumanu, CR Ranganathan, Suhas P Wani, Peter Craufurd and Shalander Kumar ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium Science with a human face The International Crops Research ICRISAT-India (Headquarters) ICRISAT-Mali (Regional hub WCA) Institute for the Semi-Arid Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India BP 320, Bamako, Mali Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, Tel: +91 40 30713071 Tel: +223 20 709200, Fax: +223 20 709201 non-political organization that Fax: +91 40 30713074 [email protected] [email protected] conducts agricultural research for ICRISAT-Mozambique development in Asia and sub-Saharan ICRISAT-Liaison Office C/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698 Africa with a wide array of partners CG Centers Block, NASC Complex, Caixa Postal 1906, Maputo, Mozambique DP Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India throughout the world. Covering 6.5 Tel: +258 21 461657, Tel: +91 11 32472306 to 08 Fax: +258 21 461581 million square kilometers of land in Fax: +91 11 25841294 [email protected] 55 countries, the semi-arid tropics have over 2 billion people, of whom ICRISAT-Ethiopia ICRISAT-Niger C/o ILRI Campus, PO Box 5689 BP 12404, Niamey, Niger (Via Paris) 644 million are the poorest of the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +227 20722529, 20722725 ICRISAT poor. ICRISAT innovations help the Tel: +251-11 617 2541 Fax: +227 20734329 dryland poor move from poverty to Fax: +251-11 646 1252/646 4645 [email protected] prosperity by harnessing markets [email protected] ICRISAT- Nigeria while managing risks – a strategy ICRISAT-Kenya (Regional hub ESA) PMB 3491, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, called Inclusive Market-Oriented PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya Tarauni, Kano, Nigeria About Development (IMOD). Tel: +254 20 7224550 Tel: +234 7034889836, 8054320384, Fax: +254 20 7224001 +234 8033556795 ICRISAT is headquartered in [email protected] [email protected] Patancheru, Telangana, India, with ICRISAT-Malawi ICRISAT-Zimbabwe two regional hubs and six country Chitedze Agricultural Research Station Matopos Research Station offices in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a PO Box 1096, Lilongwe, Malawi PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe member of the CGIAR Consortium. Tel: +265 1 707297, 071, 067, 057 Tel: +263 383 311 to 15, CGIAR is a global research Fax: +265 1 707298 Fax: +263 383 307 partnership for a food secure future. [email protected] [email protected] About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: EXPLOREit.icrisat.org DG’s Journal: dgblog.icrisat.org 018-2015 Science with a human face Citation: Palanisami K, Haileslassie A, Kakumanu Krishna Reddy, Ranganathan CR, Wani SP, Craufurd P and Kumar Shalander. 2015. Climate Change, Gender and Adaptation Strategies in Dryland Systems of South Asia. A Household Level Analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan States of India. Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 36 pp. Photo: ICRISAT © International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2015. All rights reserved. ICRISAT holds the copyright to its publications, but these can be shared and duplicated for non-commercial purposes. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part(s) or all of any publication for non-commercial use is hereby granted as long as ICRISAT is properly cited. For any clarification, please contact the Director of Strategic Marketing and Communication at [email protected]. ICRISAT’s name and logo are registered trademarks and may not be used without permission. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice. Climate Change, Gender and Adaptation Strategies in Dryland Systems of South Asia A Household Level Analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan States of India K Palanisami, Amare Haileslassie, Krishna Reddy Kakumanu, CR Ranganathan, Suhas P Wani, Peter Craufurd and Shalander Kumar This work has been undertaken as part of the Science with a human face 2015 About the authors K Palanisami Prinicipal Researcher, IWMI, Patancheru, Telangana Amare Haileslassie Former Scientist, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana Krishna Reddy Kakumanu Regional Researcher, IWMI, Patancheru, Telangana CR Ranganathan Former Professor of Mathematics, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu Suhas P Wani Director, IDC, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana Peter Craufurd Former Director, RDS, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana Shalander Kumar Scientist, RDS, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) for funding the baseline survey of the three action sites. The technical support and guidance provided by Peter McCornick, DDG, IWMI; Mark Giordano, then theme leader, IWMI; Madar Samad, acting theme leader, IWMI; and Anthony Whitbread, Director, RP-RDS, ICRISAT are acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the field level support extended by the partner organizations viz., Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Telangana, University of Agricultural Sciences, and College of Agriculture, Dharwad, Karnataka and Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF), Rajasthan. Research support was provided by Adi Narayana, Scientific Officer, RDS, ICRISAT. We also thank Mapedza Everisto, Senior Researcher, IWMI who is coordinating the CRP 1.1 activities from IWMI. Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction: Why gender and climate change is important ..................................... 3 and how these could be addressed 2. Key questions ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Perception of climate change shocks by gender .................................................. 4 2.2 Coping strategies by gender ................................................................................. 4 2.3 Irrigation typologies and gender role ................................................................... 4 2.4 Determinants of changes in lives of men and women due to climate change .... 4 2.5 Role of women in decisions on cropping patterns ............................................... 4 3. Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 4 4. Review of literature ..................................................................................................... 5 5. Study area and data ..................................................................................................... 6 6. Methodologies ............................................................................................................. 7 7. Results and discussion ................................................................................................. 9 7.1 Perception of climate change shocks ................................................................... 9 7.2 Perception of gender on climate change and its shocks ...................................... 9 7.3 Perceptions about the effects of shocks ............................................................ 11 7.4 Major decisions by gender ................................................................................. 14 7.5 Coping strategies by gender ............................................................................... 14 7.6 Irrigation typologies and gender role ................................................................. 15 7.7 Determinants of household income .................................................................. 21 7.8 Household vulnerability: Gender-wise ............................................................... 23 7.9 Adaptation strategies to address vulnerability: gender-wise ............................. 25 8. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 28 9. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 29 References........................................................................................................................ 30 Citation: Palanisami K, Haileslassie A, Kakumanu Krishna Reddy, Ranganathan CR, Wani SP, Craufurd P and Kumar Shalander. 2015. Climate Change, Gender and Adaptation Strategies in Dryland Systems of South Asia. A Household Level Analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan States of India. Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 36 pp. Photos: ICRISAT © International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2015. All rights reserved. ICRISAT holds the copyright to its publications, but these can be shared and duplicated for non-commercial purposes. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part(s) or all of any publication for non-commercial use is hereby granted as long as ICRISAT is properly cited. For any clarification, please contact the Director of Strategic Marketing and Communication at [email protected]. ICRISAT’s name and logo are registered trademarks and may not be used without permission. You may not alter or remove
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