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Index of Postal Freedom CONSUMER POSTAL COUNCIL INDEX OF POSTAL FREEDOM 2012 With Foreword by David C. Williams, Inspector General for the United States Postal Service The Postal Freedom Index was created by the Consumer Postal Council to serve as an information resource about the provision of postal services in different nations. The Index takes into account such factors as market liberalization, government or private ownership of providers, level of competition within markets, degree of regulation, and universal service. 1600 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 900A, Arlington, VA 22209 | Tel 703.312.4563 | [email protected] | www.postalconsumers.org/PFI FOREWORD INDEX OF POSTAL FREEDOM As global commerce and communications are rapidly evolving, so too is the provision of postal services throughout the world. It has become a formidable challenge for national posts to keep up with these changes and to align their services to meet the shifting needs of their customers. While new technologies have disrupted postal services and the way they are offered, the marketplace for these services is in the midst of its own transformation. Consumers and businesses have readily adopted new technologies that allow for instantaneous communications. Consumers are becoming increasingly comfortable relying on their cell phones and smart devices to conduct a variety of transactions, including those they used to do by mail. We live and work in a global community where communications have no national borders. A growing number of national posts have expanded their products and services beyond traditional mail delivery offerings with a goal of generating new revenue to sustain their operations in an era of declining mail volume. As the world’s posts attempt to adapt to this changing market, rightsize their infrastructures for this new reality, and integrate the legal requirements of the digital age, it provides a rich laboratory from which all posts can learn. It is with these challenges in mind that I commend to you this 2012 edition of the U.S. Consumer Postal Council’s Index of Postal Freedom. The Index is a unique resource that offers valuable background and history about the provision of postal services around the world. Its analysis of trends and developments ultimately places each nation’s postal system along dual axes representing market freedom and market competition, providing a broad lens that invites comparison. Which innovations are worthy of replicating? Which quandaries should be recognized and avoided? In the current era, with the implications of the digital age and its effect on posts just being realized, such big picture analyses are useful in informing our policy discussions. David C. Williams Inspector General for the United States Postal Service www.postalconsumers.org/PFI 1 INTRODUCTION INDEX OF POSTAL FREEDOM The Consumer Postal Council is pleased to present its Index of Postal Freedom, 2012 Edition. Inside, you will find updated versions of many of the highlights from last year’s index, including original analyses of postal service around the world that discuss factors such as liberalization, regulation, competition and the involvement of national posts in offering financial and other non-postal services. This year, we have updated the Index to include the most recent facts and figures as reported by national posts around the world and also to consider important events and developments ranging from postal liberalization initiatives in the European Union to the implications of the 2011 Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. We have added new countries to the Index, like Turkey and Switzerland, and included an exciting new feature we call “market Comparisons,” analyzing aspects of postal service of particular interest to the world’s postal consumers. Don Soifer Executive Director, The U.S. Consumer Postal Council 2 Consumer Postal Council | Index of Postal Freedom | 2012 CONSUMER POSTAL COUNCIL INDEX OF POSTAL FREEDOM CONTENTS Foreword by David C. Williams, Inspector General for the United States Postal Service …………………… 1 Introduction by Don Soifer, Executive Director, U.S. Consumer Postal Council …………………………… 2 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Brazil - Correios/ECT …………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Canada - Canada Post …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Chile - Correos de Chile ………………………………………………………………………………… 16 China - China Post ……………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Egypt - Egypt Post …………………………………………………………………………………… 24 France - La Poste ……………………………………………………………………………………… 28 Germany - Deutsche Post ……………………………………………………………………………… 32 Hungary - Magyar Posta ……………………………………………………………………………… 38 India - India Post ……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 Indonesia - Pos Indonesia ……………………………………………………………………………… 46 Israel - Israel Post ……………………………………………………………………………………… 50 Italy - Poste Italiane …………………………………………………………………………………… 54 Japan - Japan Post ……………………………………………………………………………………… 60 Kenya - Postal Corporation of Kenya ………………………………………………………………… 66 Korea - Korea Post ……………………………………………………………………………………… 70 Mexico - Sepomex ……………………………………………………………………………………… 74 Netherlands - TNT Post ……………………………………………………………………………… 78 New Zealand - New Zealand Post ……………………………………………………………………… 82 Portugal - CTT - Correios de Portugal ……………………………………………………………… 88 Russia - Pochta Rossii …………………………………………………………………………………… 92 Spain - Correos ………………………………………………………………………………………… 96 Sweden - Posten ………………………………………………………………………………………… 102 Switzerland - Swiss Post ……………………………………………………………………………… 108 Turkey - PTT …………………………………………………………………………………………… 114 United Kingdom - Royal Mail ………………………………………………………………………… 120 United States - USPS …………………………………………………………………………………… 124 Market Comparisons ………………………………………………………………………………… 130 www.postalconsumers.org/PFI 3 4 Consumer Postal Council | Index of Postal Freedom | 2012 CONSUMER POSTAL COUNCIL INDEX OF POSTAL FREEDOM MARKET COMPETITION Very Competitive Sweden Chile United Kingdom India Russia Germany Restricted Market Free Market MARKET FREEDOM Kenya Indonesia New Zealand Portugal Israel Netherlands Egypt Spain Mexico Brazil France China Canada Hungary Switzerland Italy Japan United States Turkey Korea Not Competitive The Postal Freedom Index was created by the Consumer Postal Council to serve as an information resource about the provision of postal services in different nations. The Index takes into account such factors as market liberalization, government or private ownership of providers, level of competition within markets, degree of regulation, and universal service. NOTE: Size of marker corresponds to size of postal market in number of pieces per year. www.postalconsumers.org/PFI 5 BRAZIL 6 Consumer Postal Council | Index of Postal Freedom | 2012 CORREIOS / ECT OVERVIEW MARKET COMPETITION: Brazil’s far-flung postal service was restructured as a Very Competitive state company in 1969. Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (Brazilian Post and Telegraph Company) is commonly referred to as Correios/ECT or simply ECT. Although modestly reconfigured in 1978, ECT remains solidly in federal control. Its government- appointed board reports directly to the Minister of Communications in Brasilia, the country’s capital. Traditional mail delivery is becoming a smaller part of ECT operations and revenues. As elsewhere in MARKET FREEDOM: MARKET FREEDOM: Restricted Market Free Market the world, mail volumes are trending downward. Brazil’s vastness makes the country an ideal setting for electronic communications, which are increasingly Brazil replacing paper mail. On the foundation of its 83,000 full-time staff and its extensive network of 12,200 post offices, ECT has been reinventing itself as a “bank of services” for Brazilians, contracting its distribution infrastructure to other government agencies and private businesses. Through joint ventures and contracts, ECT has also MARKET COMPETITION: Not Competitive moved aggressively into banking services of all kinds. Correios and Brazil’s largest bank, Banco Bradesco, entered into a 10-year joint venture in 2001 whereby Bradesco could use ECT post offices as bank branches, especially in remote areas. The new venture, Banco Postal, has been so successful – offering deposits, loans, credit cards, bill payment, direct deposit, tax and social security payments, as well as phone and internet banking on Bradesco’s network – that ECT is thinking of cancelling the deal and setting up its own more closely held banking operation. Banco Postal, as a unit of Banco Bradesco, is regulated by the Brazilian central bank. The revenues from these “non-mail” services are making traditional mail service somewhat of an afterthought, even though delivering the mail with reasonable promptness across Brazil remains a formidable undertaking. www.postalconsumers.org/PFI 7 BRAZIL LIBERALIZATION & COMPETITION Although competition is allowed in express mail, ECT continues to hold a monopoly in traditional letter mail, as well as in small parcels, telegrams and mail bags. Proposed sunset dates for ending the monopoly range out to 20 years. ECT itself maintains that the monopoly is not a privilege, but a “financing mechanism” to fund the nation’s universal service requirement throughout Brazil’s huge hinterland. It also claims not to have received direct subsidies from the government since 1986. Transportation of larger parcels and physical goods, however, has been fully opened to both domestic and international players. ECT is very active in this highly profitable sector, where the competition from the likes of DHL, FedEx, TNT and UPS
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