Biological Assessment
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Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Small-Whorled Pogonia (Isotria Medeoloides)
Small-whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) Pennsylvania Endangered Plant Species State Rank: S1 (critically imperiled), Global Rank: G2 (imperiled) Identification The small whorled pogonia is a delicate orchid with a stout, upright stem eight to 10 inches high, topped with a whorl of four to six (usually five) leaves. Single or paired yellowish-green flowers, 1-inch long, arise from the center of the leaf whorl. This species is most clearly distinguished from the more common l. verticillata (large whorled pogonia) by the shape of the sepals. Sepals in the small whorled pogonia are greenish, not spreading, and are less than an inch long. The large whorled pogonia has widely spreading, purplish sepals, 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 inches long. Biology-Natural History The small whorled pogonia is a member of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae). Both Isotria species are perennials found only in the Eastern United States. l. medeoloides is very sparsely distributed from southern Ontario, Canada and Maine, south to Georgia and west to Illinois. Within this region, only 12 of the 17 states which have historically recorded plant sites, are known to still have them. This species is noted Photo Credit: Paul Wiegman, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy for long periods of dormancy, such that colonies often fluctuate in apparent size from year to year. Plants bloom in May and June. North American State/Province Conservation Status Habitat Map by NatureServe (August 2007) Nearly all small whorled pogonia populations occur in second growth or relatively mature forests. Pennsylvania populations seem to be most abundant on State/Province Status Ranks dry east or southeast facing hillsides in mixed oak forests. -
May 2014. Orchid Specialist Group Newsletter
ORCHID CONSERVATION NEWS The Newsletter of the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Issue 1 May 2014 The Value of Long Term Studies Editorial Endangered Hawaiian endemic, Peristylus holochila, initiates anthesis in vitro and ex vitro Long term agricultural field experiments at Lawrence W. Zettler Rothamstead, England, are notable because when they Shanna E. David began in 1843, the founders could not possibly have predicted what might be discovered over the following Orchid Recovery Program, Department of Biology 160 years. The conservation value of long term studies Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue of orchids was discussed in 1990 by the late Carl Olof Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA Tamm, Uppsala, Sweden, when he presented his observations of individual plant behaviour at the ([email protected]) International Orchid Symposium. His conclusion after some 40 years of observation was simple: long term Only three orchid species are native to the Hawaiian observations are essential to conservation and that archipelago: Anoectochilus sandvicensis (Hawaiian individual plant tracking of selected orchid taxa was Jeweled Orchid, ke kino o kanaloa), Liparis hawaiensis recommended. (Hawaii Widelip Orchid, awapuhiakanaloa) and Peristylus (Platanthera) holochila (Hawaiian Bog Two papers have recently been published that Orchid, puahala a kane). Of these three, by far the rarest demonstrate the conservation potential of decades-long is P. holochila (Fig. 1) consisting of 33 known plants studies. Joyce and Allan Reddoch summarized what scattered amongst three islands as of 2011 (Kauai, has been learned from some four decades of monitoring Maui, Molokai). 22 species in Gatineau Park, QC, Canada (Reddoch & Reddoch, 2014). -
Rock Garden Quarterly
ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges. -
Trillium Reliquum)
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. _________________________________________ Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell Certificate of Approval: ________________________ _________________________ Robert Boyd Debbie R. Folkerts, Chair Professor Assistant Professor Biological Sciences Biological Sciences _____________________ _________________________ Robert Lishak Stephen L. McFarland Associate Professor Acting Dean Biological Sciences Graduate School REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama August 7, 2006 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RELICT TRILLIUM (Trillium reliquum) Melissa Gwynne Brooks Waddell Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ______________________________ Signature of Author ______________________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Melissa Gwynne (Brooks) Waddell, daughter of Robert and Elaine Brooks, graduated from the University of North Alabama in 1996 with a bachelor’s degree in Geography and a minor in Biology. She graduated from Auburn University in 1998, in Horticulture and Landscape Design, and returned to Auburn University to pursue a master’s of science in 1999. Married in May 2004 to Erik Waddell, she accepted a position teaching seventh grade science and environmental science in December 2005. In July 2006, she begins a master’s degree in Education at the University of North Alabama. -
The Demography and Community Characterization of He Federally Endangered Herb, Trillium Persistens: a Study Across Its Range Including a Fire-Dependent Habitat
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2010 The Demography and Community Characterization of he Federally Endangered Herb, Trillium Persistens: A Study Across Its Range Including A Fire-Dependent Habitat Cassandra M. Plank Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Plank, Cassandra M., "The Demography and Community Characterization of he Federally Endangered Herb, Trillium Persistens: A Study Across Its Range Including A Fire- Dependent Habitat" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 745. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/745 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DEMOGRAPHY AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FEDERALLY ENDANGERED HERB, TRILLIUM PERSISTENS: A STUDY ACROSS ITS RANGE INCLUDING A FIRE-DEPENDENT HABITAT by Cassandra M. Plank (Under the Direction of Lissa M. Leege) ABSTRACT Trillium persistens, a federally endangered perennial herb, exists as fragmented populations in Georgia and South Carolina, U.S.A. I quantified the demography of T. persistens across its range and described its associated plant community, including a fire-dependent habitat. To examine the demography of T. persistens, one study site was established in each of four population fragments (Battle Creek, Moccasin Creek, Moody Creek, and Panther Creek) located in and around Tallulah Gorge State Park. At Moody Creek, T. -
Small Whorled Pogonia
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides (Green five-leaved orchid, small-whorled crest-lip) Threatened (November 7, 1994; originally Endangered, September 10, 1982) Description: This orchid is a slender, perennial herb, 4-10 successional growth). Typically grows in open, dry deciduous inches (9.5-25 cm) tall, with a greenish-tinged (rarely woods and areas along streams with acid soil. Also grows in purplish) single hollow stem. The roots, slender, fibrous, and rich, mesic woods in association with white pine (Pinus hairy, radiate from a crown or rootstock. At the apex of the strobus) and rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.). Prefers leaf stem is a whorl of five or six pale, dusty green leaves with litter and decaying material but may be found on dry, rocky, parallel veins. Leaves droop, are 0.8-3.3 inch (2-8.5 cm) wooded slopes, moist slopes or slope bases near long and 0.4-1.6 inches (1-4 cm) wide, and may be coated vernal streams. with a whitish bloom (powdery layer). Growing above the leaves are one or two irregularly-shaped flowers, yellow- Distribution: Scattered from mountains to ish-green in color. The sepals are long and thin; western coastal plain in Burke, Cherokee, petals are more rounded, up to 0.7 inch Cumberland*, Harnett*, Haywood, (1.7 cm) long and pale green. The lip Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Orange*, (bottom petal) of the flower is greenish Surry*, and Transylvania counties. white, veined with green, and is three- lobed. The fruit is a dry, erect, dehiscent Threats: Habitat destruction and collec- ellipsoid capsule, 0.7-1.2 inches (1.7-3 tion are main threats. -
SWAMP PINK Scientific Name: Helonias Bullata Linnaeus Other
Common Name: SWAMP PINK Scientific Name: Helonias bullata Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Heloniadaceae (swamp pink), Melanthiaceae (bunchflower), or Liliaceae (lily) Rarity Ranks: G3/S1 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: Threatened Federal Wetland Status: OBL Description: Perennial herb often forming dense patches of large basal rosettes connected by underground stems. Leaves 3½ - 12 inches (9 - 30 cm) long and up to 1½ inches (4 cm) wide, glossy, evergreen, widest above the middle with pointed tips and tapering bases. Stem 1 - 2 feet (30 - 60 cm) tall while flowering, taller during fruiting, rising from the center of each rosette, stout, hollow. Flowers about inch (1 cm) wide, with 6 pink tepals (3 sepals + 3 petals) and six blue stamens, in a dense spike of 30 - 50 fragrant flowers at the top of the stem. Fruit inch long, 3-lobed, heart-shaped, papery, with many winged seeds. Similar Species: In flower, swamp pink is unmistakable. Fly poison (Amianthium muscitoxicum), which produces basal rosettes in the same habitats as swamp-pink, has white flowers and stiff, dull green leaves less than 1 inch (2.8 cm) wide, with conspicuous veins. Related Rare Species: None in Georgia. Habitat: Shady seepage swamps and sphagnum bogs with continually saturated, though not flooded, soils; often occurs with red maple, purple pitcherplant, mountain laurel, rosebay rhododendron, and tag alder. Life History: Swamp pink is a perennial herb that overwinters as a rosette of reddish-brown leaves. New leaves appear in the early spring, shortly before the flowering stalk elongates, and continue to enlarge during the spring and summer. -
Conservation Assessment for White Adder's Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda)
Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald Photo: Kenneth J. Sytsma USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region April 2003 Jan Schultz 2727 N Lincoln Road Escanaba, MI 49829 906-786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald. This is an administrative study only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation for this document and subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact: Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service, Threatened and Endangered Species Program, 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................3 -
Diversity in Fruit and Seed Characters of Chamaelirium and Chionographis (Melanthiaceae)
Taiwania 62(1): 67‒74, 2017 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2017.62.67 Diversity in fruit and seed characters of Chamaelirium and Chionographis (Melanthiaceae) Noriyuki TANAKA 98-11 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0352 Japan. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 22 August 2016; accepted 26 January 2017; online published 22 February 2017) ABSTRACT: Phenotypic characters of fruits and seeds of two closely allied genera Chamaelirium and Chionographis (Melanthiaceae) are reexamined. The results show that the two genera differ mainly in the number of ovules per locule, the shape of seeds, and the arrangement of seeds within the locule and of a seed body within the testa. Evidence also shows that in Chionographis a Chinese species (C. chinensis) significantly differ from three species from Japan and Korea (e.g. C. japonica) chiefly by the seeds acutely beaked proximally and in the narrowly obovoid, proximally cuneate fruits (capsules) that ripen in May to June (vs. autumn) and have a carpo-gynophore and locules mutually free, acute, and indehiscent in the proximal part. Data obtained is discussed from taxonomical and evolutionary aspects. KEY WORDS: Carpo-gynophore, Chamaelirium, Chionographis, Fruits, Diversity, Evolution, Melanthiaceae, Seeds, Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION length, and accordingly, they are taxonomically inseparable in this respect. Chionographis Maxim. (Melanthiaceae) is a genus of As for their fruits and seeds, the two genera approximately eight species distributed in Vietnam, Laos, reportedly differ in the number of ovules per locule and China, Japan and Korea (Tanaka, 2016a, b; Wu, 2016). It in the shape of seeds, as aforementioned. Previous is regarded as most closely allied to a monotypic genus reports also indicate that the size of capsules and the Chamaelirium Willd. -
Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341
chapteR 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341 Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest communities Margaret Trani Griep and Beverly Collins1 key FindingS • Hotspot areas for plants of concern are Big Bend National Park; the Apalachicola area of the Southern Gulf Coast; • The South has 1,076 native terrestrial vertebrates: 179 Lake Wales Ridge and the area south of Lake Okeechobee amphibians, 525 birds, 176 mammals, and 196 reptiles. in Peninsular Florida; and coastal counties of North Species richness is highest in the Mid-South (856) and Carolina in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Appalachian- Coastal Plain (733), reflecting both the large area of these Cumberland highlands also contain plants identified by subregions and the diversity of habitats within them. States as species of concern. • The geography of species richness varies by taxa. • Species, including those of conservation concern, are Amphibians flourish in portions of the Piedmont and imperiled by habitat alteration, isolation, introduction of Appalachian-Cumberland highlands and across the Coastal invasive species, environmental pollutants, commercial Plain. Bird richness is highest along the coastal wetlands of development, human disturbance, and exploitation. the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, mammal richness Conditions predicted by the forecasts will magnify these is highest in the Mid-South and Appalachian-Cumberland stressors. Each species varies in its vulnerability to highlands, and reptile richness is highest across the forecasted threats, and these threats vary by subregion. Key southern portion of the region. areas of concern arise where hotspots of vulnerable species • The South has 142 terrestrial vertebrate species coincide with forecasted stressors. considered to be of conservation concern (e.g., global • There are 614 species that are presumed extirpated from conservation status rank of critically imperiled, imperiled, selected States in the South; 64 are terrestrial vertebrates or vulnerable), 77 of which are listed as threatened or and 550 are vascular plants. -
Species Profile: Swamp Pink (Helonias Bullata)
Species Profile for Swamp pink (Helonias bullata) Page 1 of 3 Species Profile Environmental Conservation Online System Swamp pink (Helonias bullata) Kingdom: Plantae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Liliales Family: Melanthiaceae Listing Status: Threatened Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND Quick links: Federal Register Recovery Critical Habitat Conservation Plans Petitions Life History Other Resources This species is listed wherever it is found, but States/US Territories in which the Swamp pink is known to or is believed to occur: Delaware , Georgia , Maryland , New Jersey , North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia US Counties in which the Swamp pink is known to or is believed to occur: View All USFWS Refuges in which the Swamp pink is known to occur: CAPE MAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, EDWIN B. FORSYTHE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Current Listing Status Summary Status Date Listed Lead Region Where Listed http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=Q2B8 03/12/2014 Species Profile for Swamp pink (Helonias bullata) Page 2 of 3 Status Date Listed Lead Region Where Listed Threatened 09/09/1988 Northeast Region (Region 5) » Federal Register Documents Most Recent Federal Register Documents (Showing 4 of 4) Date Citation Page Title Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of Nine Species: Purple Bean, Clubshell, Roanoke Logperch, Swamp Pink, Northern Riffleshell, 06/08/2011 76 FR 33334 33336 Flat-spired Three-toothed Land Snail, Puritan Tiger Beetle, Dwarf Wedgemussel, and Bog Turtle Initiation