Variety-Environment Interactions for Maize in Bajio, Mexico José Ron-Para Iowa State University
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1984 Variety-environment interactions for maize in Bajio, Mexico José Ron-Para Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Ron-Para, José, "Variety-environment interactions for maize in Bajio, Mexico " (1984). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7792. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7792 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Universi^ MicTOTlms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8423738 Ron-Pa rra, Jose VARIETY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR MAIZE IN BAJIO, MEXICO Iowa State University PH.D. 1984 University Microfilms Int6r nâti O n Q.1 300 N. Zœb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Variety-environment interactions for maize in Bajio, Mexico by Josë Ron-Parra A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Agronomy Major: Plant Breeding and Cytogenetics App/oVed: Signature was redacted for privacy. In~~Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. the Major Dep artment Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Griduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1984 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 A. Zoning and Environmental Choice for Breeding 3 1. Physical variable analysis 3 2. Combined analysis of variance 3 3. Correlations and multivariate techniques 4 B. Stability 7 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 A. The Bajio Region 14 1. Environment 14 2. Crops 17 B. Materials 20 C. Procedures 22 1. Experiments and test sites 22 2. Traits measured 27 3. Statistical analysis 28 a. Data matrices 28 b. Analysis of variance 30 c. Classification 36 1) Cluster analysis 36 2) Principal components analysis 37 d. Stability analysis 38 e. Stability parameters 40 f. Correlations 42 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 43 A. Analysis of Variance 43 1. Individual analysis of variance 43 2. Combined analysis of variance 47 iii Page B. Classification 53 1. Cluster analysis 53 2. Principal components analysis 70 C. Correlations and Covariances Between Environments 83 D. Stability Analysis 92 1. Stability analysis of variance 92 a. By maturity groups 92 b. By groups of environments 93 2. Stability parameters 94 V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 126 VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 141 VIII. APPENDIX A 142 IX. APPENDIX B. MEAN YIELD DATA 147 X. APPENDIX C. MEAN YIELD PLOTS 158 iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Location of Bajio region in Mexico 14 Figure 2. Climates in Bajio region, Mexico 16 Figure 3. Approximate distribution of the experiments in Bajio region of Mexico 26 Figure 4. Distribution showing the relation between the experiment mean and the coefficient of variation (CV) for 92 experiments conducted in Bajio region of Mexico 45 Figure 5. Joint distribution showing the relation between experiment mean yields and error mean squares (EMS) for 92 experiments conducted in Bajio region of Mexico 46 Figure 6. Tree diagram stopped at r=0.5 from cluster analysis of environments using rank data. Spearman correlation coefficient, and the average linkage method (Table 10). The clusters at r=0.5 and the number of environments within clusters are indicated 63 Figure 7. Tree diagram stopped at r=0.5 from cluster analysis of environments using residual data, correlation coefficient, and the average linkage method (Table 11). The clusters at r=0.5 and the number of environments within clusters are indicated 64 Figure 8. Tree diagram at r=0.5 from cluster analysis of loca tions using mean data, correlation coefficient, and the average linkage method. The clusters at r=0.5 and the number of environments are indicated 65 Figure 9. Tree diagram from cluster analysis of varieties using residual data, correlation coefficient, and the average linkage method 68 Figure 10. Distribution of 92 environments using mean data and the first two principal components 77 Figure 11. Distribution of 23 varieties using mean data and the first two principal components 79 V Distribution of 23 varieties using residual data and the first two principal components 80 Cumulative relative frequencies on raking order for seven varieties tested in Bajio region of Mexico 84 Yield response of V-370 on all varieites mean for 10 good environments 98 Yield response of V-370 on three adapted varieties mean for 10 good environments 99 Yield response of V-370 on environment ranks for 10 good environments 100 The relation of variety H-309 on the environmental index that included 91 environments 108 The relation of variety H-309 on the environmental index that included 21 poor environments 109 The relation of variety H-309 on the environmental index that included 10 good environments 110 Trend of the response of VS-201 on 92 environments in Baj io, Mexico 159 Trend of the response of VS-202 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 160 Trend of the response of V-370 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 161 Trend of the response of H-204 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 162 Trend of the response of H-507 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 163 Trend of the response of H-222 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 164 Trend of the response of P-515 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 165 Trend of the response of H-230 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 166 vi Trend of the response of H-133 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico Trend of the response of Cafime on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 168 Trend of the response of H-220 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 169 Trend of the response of H-221 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 170 Trend of the response of B-666 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 171 Trend of the response of B-15 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 172 Trend of the response of EH on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 173 Trend of the response of H-369 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 174 Trend of the response of B-670 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 175 Trend of the response of Celaya II on 92 environ ments in Bajio, Mexico 176 Trend of the response of VS-373 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 177 Trend of the response of H-352 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 178 Trend of the response of H-365 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 179 Trend of the response of A-793 on 92 environments in Bajio, Mexico 180 vii LIST OF TABLES Varieties included in the study conducted in the Bajio region of Mexico 21 Experiments conducted in Bajio and areas similar to Bajio in Mexico during 1979, 1980, and 1981 23 Expected mean squares for the combined analysis of variance for first model 31 Locations and number of experiments within locations for combined analysis of variance of 91 experiments conducted in Bajio region of Mexico 32 Expected mean squares for the combined analysis of variance for second model 34 Combinations of experiments used for combined analysis of variance under second model 35 Form of the analysis of variance for the Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability analysis 39 Combined analysis of variance for all experiments (years and locations) and for experiments included in each year 48 Combined analysis of variance for experiments from combinations of years and locations 50 Clusters of environments using rank data.