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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2616–2621
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1998, p. 948–954 Vol. 64, No. 3 0099-2240/98/$04.0010 Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology PCR Amplification of Ribosomal DNA for Species Identification in the Plant Pathogen Genus Phytophthora JEAN B. RISTAINO,* MICHAEL MADRITCH, CAROL L. TROUT, AND GREGORY PARRA Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Received 7 August 1997/Accepted 15 December 1997 We have developed a PCR procedure to amplify DNA for quick identification of the economically important species from each of the six taxonomic groups in the plant pathogen genus Phytophthora. This procedure involves amplification of the 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) with the ITS primers ITS 5 and ITS 4. Restriction digests of the amplified DNA products were conducted with the restriction enzymes RsaI, MspI, and HaeIII. Restriction fragment patterns were similar after digestions with RsaI for the following species: P. capsici and P. citricola; P. infestans, P. cactorum, and P. mirabilis; P. fragariae, P. cinnamomi, and P. megasperma from peach; P. palmivora, P. citrophthora, P. erythroseptica, and P. cryptogea; and P. mega- sperma from raspberry and P. sojae. Restriction digests with MspI separated P. capsici from P. citricola and separated P. cactorum from P. infestans and P. mirabilis. Restriction digests with HaeIII separated P. citro- phthora from P. cryptogea, P. cinnamomi from P. fragariae and P. megasperma on peach, P. palmivora from P. citrophthora, and P. megasperma on raspberry from P. sojae. P. infestans and P. mirabilis digests were identical and P. cryptogea and P. -
Genetic and Phenotypic Variation of Phytophthora Crassamura Isolates from California Nurseries and Restoration Sites
Fungal Biology xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Genetic and phenotypic variation of Phytophthora crassamura isolates from California nurseries and restoration sites * Laura L. Sims a, d, , Cameron Chee a, Tyler Bourret b, Shannon Hunter c, 1, Matteo Garbelotto a a Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA b Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA c Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Waikato, Forest Protection, Scion, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand d Forestry Program, School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, LA, 71272, USA article info abstract Article history: Phenotypic and sequence data were used to characterize 28 isolates resembling Phytophthora Received 4 August 2018 megasperma from 14 host species in 2 plant production facilities and 10 restoration sites across the San Received in revised form Francisco Bay Area (California; USA). Size of the oogonia and DNA sequences (nuclear internal transcribed 22 October 2018 spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX 1)) were compared, and sensitivity Accepted 27 November 2018 to mefenoxam and pathogenicity were measured. Based on ITS 61 % of isolates matched ex-type Available online xxx sequences of Phytophthora crassamura from Italy, and the remainder matched or were close to the P. Corresponding Editor: Nik Money megasperma ex-type. However, all California P. crassamura genotypes belonged to four unique COX 1 haplotype lineages isolated from both nurseries and restoration sites. Although lineages were sensitive to Keywords: mefenoxam, a significant difference in sensitivity was identified, and all continued growth in-vitro. -
Phytophthora Sojae Infecting Soybean: Pathotype Diversity, New Sources
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Theses and Dissertations 2017 Phytophthora Sojae Infecting Soybean: Pathotype Diversity, New Sources of Resistance and Interaction with the Soybean Cyst Nematode Rawnaq Nazneen Chowdhury South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, and the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Chowdhury, Rawnaq Nazneen, "Phytophthora Sojae Infecting Soybean: Pathotype Diversity, New Sources of Resistance and Interaction with the Soybean Cyst Nematode" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1186. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1186 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE INFECTING SOYBEAN: PATHOTYPE DIVERSITY, NEW SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AND INTERACTION WITH THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE BY RAWNAQ NAZNEEN CHOWDHURY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Plant Science South Dakota State University 2017 iii I would like to dedicate this thesis to my family; my mother Bilquis Alam Chowdhury, my father Raisul Alam Chowdhury, my sister Reema Najma Chowdhury and my brother Late Arif Alam Chowdhury. They have always encouraged me to pursue my passions. I am forever grateful for their never-ending love and support. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With faith and gratitude to the almighty, I would like to express my earnest thanks to give me an opportunity to make my life meaningful in the world. -
Biological Control of Phytophthora Root Rots on Alfalfa and Soybean with Streptomyces
Biological Control 23, 285–295 (2002) doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.1015, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Biological Control of Phytophthora Root Rots on Alfalfa and Soybean with Streptomyces Kun Xiao,* Linda L. Kinkel,* and Deborah A. Samac*,† *Department of Plant Pathology and †USDA-ARS Plant Science Research, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Received May 11, 2001; accepted November 16, 2001 sojae was the second-most important yield-suppressing A collection of 53 antibiotic-producing Streptomyces disease in the north-central region of the United isolated from soils from Minnesota, Nebraska, and States. In 1994, an estimated 560,300 metric tons of Washington were evaluated for their ability to inhibit soybean were lost to P. sojae in the United States, plant pathogenic Phytophthora medicaginis and Phy- making it third among yield-suppressing diseases tophthora sojae in vitro. Eight isolates having the (Doupnik, 1993; Wrather et al., 1997). greatest pathogen-inhibitory capabilities were subse- Phytophthora root rots are difficult to control effec- quently tested for their ability to control Phytoph- tively. A variety of methods have been studied for use thora root rots on alfalfa and soybean in sterilized vermiculite and naturally infested field soil. The in control of Phytophthora root rots of alfalfa and soy- Streptomyces isolates tested significantly reduced root bean. Plant resistance is currently the major control rot severity in alfalfa and soybean caused by P. medi- method for Phytophthora root rots on both crops (Er- caginis and P. sojae, respectively (P < 0.05). On alfalfa, win and Ribeiro, 1996). Unfortunately, none of the isolates varied in their effect on plant disease severity, currently available resistant alfalfa cultivars is im- percentage dead plants, and plant biomass in the pres- mune to the disease, especially at high pathogen inoc- ence of the pathogen. -
Phytophthora Palmivora–Cocoa Interaction
Journal of Fungi Review Phytophthora palmivora–Cocoa Interaction Francine Perrine-Walker 1,2 1 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building (F22), Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] 2 The University of Sydney Institute of Agriculture, 1 Central Avenue, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia Received: 2 June 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract: Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is an hemibiotrophic oomycete capable of infecting over 200 plant species including one of the most economically important crops, Theobroma cacao L. commonly known as cocoa. It infects many parts of the cocoa plant including the pods, causing black pod rot disease. This review will focus on P. palmivora’s ability to infect a plant host to cause disease. We highlight some current findings in other Phytophthora sp. plant model systems demonstrating how the germ tube, the appressorium and the haustorium enable the plant pathogen to penetrate a plant cell and how they contribute to the disease development in planta. This review explores the molecular exchange between the oomycete and the plant host, and the role of plant immunity during the development of such structures, to understand the infection of cocoa pods by P. palmivora isolates from Papua New Guinea. Keywords: black pod rot; Oomycota; Theobroma cacao L.; infection; stem canker 1. Introduction Within the order Peronosporales, the largest genus with over 120 described species, Phytophthora is a hemibiotrophic phytogen capable of infecting a wide range of hosts, including many agricultural crops, worldwide [1,2]. One of the most economically important and delicious crops affected is cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). -
Integrated Management of Phytophthora Stem and Root Rot Of
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture Department Agronomy and Horticulture 5-2019 Integrated management of Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybean and the effect of soil-applied herbicides on seedling disease incidence Vinicius Castelli Garnica University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Plant Pathology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons Castelli Garnica, Vinicius, "Integrated management of Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybean and the effect of soil-applied herbicides on seedling disease incidence" (2019). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture. 161. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss/161 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Integrated management of Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybean and the effect of soil-applied herbicides on seedling disease incidence By Vinicius Castelli Garnica A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Agronomy Under the Supervision of Professor Loren J. Giesler Lincoln, NE May 2019 Integrated management of Phytophthora stem and root rot of soybean and the effect of soil-applied herbicides on seedling disease incidence Vinicius C. -
Pseudoperonospora Humuli) and Tolerance by Phytophthora Isolates to the Systemic Fungicide Meta- Laxyl
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robert M. Hunger for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy inPlant Pathology presented on March 17, 1982 Title: Chemical Control of Hop Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and Tolerance by Phytophthora Isolates to the Systemic Fungicide Meta- laxyl. Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Dr. Chester E. Horner Four systemic fungicides (metalaxyl, M 9834, propamocarb, and efosite aluminum) were evaluated for control of the downy mildew disease (Pseudoperonospora humuli) of hops (Humulus lupulus). Metalaxyl applied at 0.3 gm/plant in mid-April resulted in nearly complete control of the disease and increased yields significantly. Treatment with M 9834 at 0.3 gm/plant resulted in control comparable to metalaxyl up to four weeks after application, but disease incidence increased sharply after six weeks. Propamocarb and efosite aluminum treatments were less effective than metalaxyl or M 9834, but did result in substantial disease control. The possibility that metalaxyl tolerance occurs in Phytophthora, fungus related to Pseudoperonospora was examined in vitro. Thirty- five isolates of Phytophthora megasperma were tested for tolerance to metalaxyl. Tolerance was measured by comparing isolate growth, and oogonia and sporangia formation on amended and control media. Based on growth at 0, 1, and 10 pg metalaxyl/ml, 15 isolates were highly sensitive, 8 moderately tolerant, and 12 highly tolerant to the fungi- cide. No isolates in the highly sensitive group formed oogonia at 1 pg metalaxyl/ml, whereas six isolates from the moderately tolerant group, and eight from the highly tolerant group did. The number of isolates forming sporangia and the mean number of sporangia formed per isolate decreased with increasing fungicide concentration. -
Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia
Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia Editors: André Drenth and David I. Guest Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2004 Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia Edited by André Drenth and David I. Guest ACIAR Monograph 114 (printed version published in 2004) The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Drenth, A. and Guest, D.I., ed. 2004. Diversity and management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 114, 238p. ISBN 1 86320 405 9 (print) 1 86320 406 7 (online) Technical editing, design and layout: Clarus Design, Canberra, Australia Printing: BPA Print Group Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia Edited by André Drenth and David I. Guest ACIAR Monograph 114 (printed version published in 2004) Foreword The genus Phytophthora is one of the most important plant pathogens worldwide, and many economically important crop species in Southeast Asia, such as rubber, cocoa, durian, jackfruit, papaya, taro, coconut, pepper, potato, plantation forestry, and citrus are susceptible. -
Medicago Truncatula Resistance to Oomycetes
Medicago truncatula handbook version November 2006 Medicago truncatula resistance to Oomycetes Anne Moussart1, Bernard Tivoli1, Deborah Samac2, Nola D’Souza3 1 INRA/AGROCAMPUS Rennes, Unité Mixte de Recherche BiO3P, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France. 2 USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, 495 Borlaug Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 U.S.A. 3 Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens (ACNFP), School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia. Table of contents 1. Resistance to A. euteiches 2. Resistance to P. medicaginis Two main oomycetes are considered: Aphanomyces euteiches which causes root rot disease on pea, alfalfa, lentils and Phytophthora medicaginis (formerly P. megasperma f. sp. medicaginis) which causes Phytophthora root rot on alfalfa (Hansen and Maxwell, 1991), annual medic species (DeHann et al., 1996) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum), which is a more susceptible host (Irwin et al 1995). 1. Resistance to A. euteiches (Anne Moussart, Bernard Tivoli) This test published by Moussart et al. (2006) is a modified version of the test developed for the evaluation of pea resistance to A. euteiches by Moussart et al. (2001). Plant material Seeds were allowed to germinate on moist filter paper for 48 to 72 h at 25°C in the dark and were then transferred to 500 ml plastic pots containing unsterilized vermiculite (VERMEX, M). Five seeds of a single accession were sown per pot, with each pot constituting a replicate. There were four replicates per accession. Pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a controlled environment chamber under constant conditions (thermoperiod: 25/23°C and 16 h photoperiod). -
Resistance to Phytophthora Species Among Rootstocks for Cultivated
HORTSCIENCE 52(11):1471–1476. 2017. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI10391-17 generations on the same land, effective root- stocks must resist or tolerate accumulations of soil pests while maintaining appropriate Resistance to Phytophthora Species levels of scion vigor and productivity. Depending on the challenges presented by among Rootstocks for Cultivated an orchard site, prudent rootstock selection tends to be a compromise, balancing horti- Prunus Species cultural attributes and edaphic adaptations (i.e., level of vigor, sensitivity to salts or high Gregory T. Browne1 pH, etc.) with resistance or tolerance to soil- Department of Plant Pathology, USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics borne pathogens (e.g., Phytophthora species, Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 plant parasitic nematodes, and Armillaria spp.), and one rootstock seldom meets all Additional index words. Almond, fruit, nut, Prunus, hybrid, Phytophthora needs. Advances in rootstock breeding and micropropagation technologies have ex- Abstract. Many species of Phytophthora de Bary are important pathogens of cultivated panded improvement horizons for Prunus Prunus L. species worldwide, often invading the trees via their rootstocks. In a series of rootstocks, yet fully realizing the potential greenhouse trials, resistance to Phytophthora was tested in new and standard rootstocks of these advances will require continuing and for cultivated stone fruits, including almond. Successive sets of the rootstocks, propa- accurate assessments of rootstock traits. gated as hardwood cuttings or via micropropagation, were transplanted into either Variation in resistance to Phytophthora noninfested potting soil or potting soil infested with Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & € has been reported previously among root- Cohn) J. Schot., Phytophthora citricola Sawada, Phytophthora megasperma Drechs, or stocks for Prunus species (Broadbent et al., Phytophthora niederhauserii Z.G. -
EFFECTS 0 F PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT and METALAXYL TREATMENT on the YIELD of SOME FORAGE BRASSICA SPECIES INTRODUCTION Common Throu
Tarla Bitk/len Merkez .,Ira~tmlla Ens/itiisii Dergisi (1).1.1995 EFFECTS 0 F PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT AND METALAXYL TREATMENT ON THE YIELD OF SOME FORAGE BRASSICA SPECIES A. KARAKAYA1 D.W.KOCH2 and F.A.GRAy2 I. Ankara Universitesl Z,raat Fakiiltesl Bitki Konll//Q Bdliimii. D/~·kafll-Ankara. 06110 T/lrkey 2. Department o(Plant. Soli and Insect S·clences. Umverslty o(Wyoming. Laramie, Wy 8207/-3354 USA BAZT YEM BiTKiSi BRASSrCA TURLERiNDE PHYTOPHTHORA KOK c;ORUKLUCiDNDN VE METALAXYL UYGULAMASININ DRONE YAN SlYAN ETKtLERi OZET: Yern bitkisi olarak kullamlan iiC; I3rnssim tiirii Kayahk Daglar bolgesinde (ABD) yeti~rneleri, ~artlara ve c;evreye uyma yetenekleri yoniinden incclenmi~tir. Brnssica tiirleri onceden Brassim olerncea var. acephala 'kale' iizerinde gozlemlenen bir Phytophthora hastahgl ile enfekteli tarlalarda yeli~tirilrni~tir. Metalaxyl muamclesinin Brnssim mahsul miktanm onemli bir olc;iide etkilernedigi goriilmii~tiir. Zararh problemlerinin olmasma ragmen. Brnssica tiirleri dii~iik lSI derecclerine tolerans gostcrrni~lcr ve 9.90 Mglha a kadar iiriin ahnrnl~tlr. Brassica ttirlerinden izolc edilcn Phytophthorn izolatlan Phytophthorn /l/egasper/l/a olarak te~his edilmi~tir. Bu izolatlar konukc;uya ozelle~rni~ oJarak goztikcn yonca izolatl P/~vtophthorn /l/egmper/l/a f.sp./l/edicaginis izolatmdan farkhhklar gostermi~tir. SF\rMARY: Three fornge Brassica .'pecies were evaluated for their growth and adaptability to the Rocky l\lounfain region. Brnssicas were grown in .fields infested with a Phytophthorn disease previous~v observed on kale (Brassica oleracca \'ar. acephala). •Hefalaxyl treafll/ent did not affect Brassica yield,- sign!ficant~v. A Ithough pest prohleuts were detected. Brassica crops tolernted low fell/perntures aud produced excellent yields ( lip fo 9.90 Mg/ha). -
Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybean in Iowa
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean in Iowa: minimizing losses through an improved understanding of population structure and implementation of novel management strategies Sarah Marie Cerra Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Cerra, Sarah Marie, "Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean in Iowa: minimizing losses through an improved understanding of population structure and implementation of novel management strategies" (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14837. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14837 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean in Iowa: minimizing losses through an improved understanding of population structure and implementation of novel management strategies by Sarah Marie Cerra A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Alison Robertson, Major Professor Silvia Cianzio Edward Braun Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 Copyright © Sarah Marie Cerra, 2007.