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Index Abulfeda crater chain (Moon), 97 Aphrodite Terra (Venus), 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Acheron Fossae (Mars), 165 Apohele asteroids, 353–354 Achilles asteroids, 351 Apollinaris Patera (Mars), 168 achondrite meteorites, 360 Apollo asteroids, 346, 353, 354, 361, 371 Acidalia Planitia (Mars), 164 Apollo program, 86, 96, 97, 101, 102, 108–109, 110, 361 Adams, John Couch, 298 Apollo 8, 96 Adonis, 371 Apollo 11, 94, 110 Adrastea, 238, 241 Apollo 12, 96, 110 Aegaeon, 263 Apollo 14, 93, 110 Africa, 63, 73, 143 Apollo 15, 100, 103, 104, 110 Akatsuki spacecraft (see Venus Climate Orbiter) Apollo 16, 59, 96, 102, 103, 110 Akna Montes (Venus), 142 Apollo 17, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 110 Alabama, 62 Apollodorus crater (Mercury), 127 Alba Patera (Mars), 167 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), 110 Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz), 94 Apophis, 354, 355 Alexandria, 69 Appalachian mountains (Earth), 74, 270 Alfvén, Hannes, 35 Aqua, 56 Alfvén waves, 35–36, 43, 49 Arabia Terra (Mars), 177, 191, 200 Algeria, 358 arachnoids (see Venus) ALH 84001, 201, 204–205 Archimedes crater (Moon), 93, 106 Allan Hills, 109, 201 Arctic, 62, 67, 84, 186, 229 Allende meteorite, 359, 360 Arden Corona (Miranda), 291 Allen Telescope Array, 409 Arecibo Observatory, 114, 144, 341, 379, 380, 408, 409 Alpha Regio (Venus), 144, 148, 149 Ares Vallis (Mars), 179, 180, 199 Alphonsus crater (Moon), 99, 102 Argentina, 408 Alps (Moon), 93 Argyre Basin (Mars), 161, 162, 163, 166, 186 Amalthea, 236–237, 238, 239, 241 Ariadaeus Rille (Moon), 100, 102 Amazonis Planitia (Mars), 161 COPYRIGHTED -
Astrophysics with New Horizons: Making the Most of a Generational Opportunity
Draft version October 3, 2018 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 Astrophysics with New Horizons: Making the Most of a Generational Opportunity Michael Zemcov,1, 2 Iair Arcavi,3, 4 Richard Arendt,5 Etienne Bachelet,6 Ranga Ram Chary,7 Asantha Cooray,8 Diana Dragomir,9 Richard Conn Henry,10 Carey Lisse,11 Shuji Matsuura,12, 13 Jayant Murthy,14 Chi Nguyen,1 Andrew R. Poppe,15 Rachel Street,6 and Michael Werner16 1Center for Detectors, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA 3Einstein Fellow at the Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA 4Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA 5CRESST II/UMBC Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 6Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Dr Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA 7U. S. Planck Data Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 8Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 9NASA Hubble Fellow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 10Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 11Planetary Exploration Group, Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD -
Using the Microlensing Technique, Astronomers Discover an Earth-Like Planet Outside Our Solar System
S&TR July/August 2006 11 Using the microlensing technique, astronomers discover an Earth-like planet outside our solar system. OOKING out to the vastness of the L night sky, stargazers often ponder questions about the universe, many wondering if planets like ours can be found somewhere out there. But teasing out the details in astronomical data that point to a possible Earth-like planet is exceedingly difficult. To find an extrasolar planet—a planet that circles a star other than the Sun— astrophysicists have in the past searched for Doppler shifts, changes in the wavelength emitted by an object because of its motion. When an astronomical object moves toward an observer on Earth, the light it emits becomes higher in frequency and shifts to the blue end of the spectrum. When the object moves away from the observer, its light becomes lower in frequency and shifts to the red end. By measuring these changes in wavelength, astrophysicists can precisely calculate how quickly objects are moving toward or away from Earth. When This artist’s rendition shows the Earth-like extrasolar planet discovered in 2005. (Reprinted courtesy of the European Southern Observatory.) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 12 An Earth-Like Extrasolar Planet S&TR July/August 2006 a giant planet orbits a star, the planet’s About the New Planet we consider the number of stars out there,” gravitational pull on the star produces a According to Livermore astrophysicist Cook says, “the fact that we stumbled on small (meters-per-second) back-and-forth Kem Cook, OGLE-2005-BLG-290-Lb is a one small planet means that thousands Doppler shift in the star’s light. -
A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT for HD 189733B from POLARIMETRY Sloane J
The Astrophysical Journal, 813:48 (11pp), 2015 November 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/48 © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT FOR HD 189733b FROM POLARIMETRY Sloane J. Wiktorowicz1,2, Larissa A. Nofi3,1, Daniel Jontof-Hutter4,5, Pushkar Kopparla6, Gregory P. Laughlin1, Ninos Hermis1, Yuk L. Yung6, and Mark R. Swain7 1 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected] 2 Remote Sensing Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA 3 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 4 Department of Astronomy, Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 5 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA 6 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 7 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Received 2015 July 13; accepted 2015 September 29; published 2015 October 27 ABSTRACT We present 50 nights of polarimetric observations of HD 189733 in the B band using the POLISH2 aperture- integrated polarimeter at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m telescope. This instrument, commissioned in 2011, is designed to search for Rayleigh scattering from short-period exoplanets due to the polarized nature of scattered light. Since these planets are spatially unresolvable from their host stars, the relative contribution of the planet-to- total system polarization is expected to vary with an amplitude of the order of 10 parts per million (ppm) over the course of the orbit. -
Simulating (Sub)Millimeter Observations of Exoplanet Atmospheres in Search of Water
University of Groningen Kapteyn Astronomical Institute Simulating (Sub)Millimeter Observations of Exoplanet Atmospheres in Search of Water September 5, 2018 Author: N.O. Oberg Supervisor: Prof. Dr. F.F.S. van der Tak Abstract Context: Spectroscopic characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is a field still in its in- fancy. The detection of molecular spectral features in the atmosphere of several hot-Jupiters and hot-Neptunes has led to the preliminary identification of atmospheric H2O. The Atacama Large Millimiter/Submillimeter Array is particularly well suited in the search for extraterrestrial water, considering its wavelength coverage, sensitivity, resolving power and spectral resolution. Aims: Our aim is to determine the detectability of various spectroscopic signatures of H2O in the (sub)millimeter by a range of current and future observatories and the suitability of (sub)millimeter astronomy for the detection and characterization of exoplanets. Methods: We have created an atmospheric modeling framework based on the HAPI radiative transfer code. We have generated planetary spectra in the (sub)millimeter regime, covering a wide variety of possible exoplanet properties and atmospheric compositions. We have set limits on the detectability of these spectral features and of the planets themselves with emphasis on ALMA. We estimate the capabilities required to study exoplanet atmospheres directly in the (sub)millimeter by using a custom sensitivity calculator. Results: Even trace abundances of atmospheric water vapor can cause high-contrast spectral ab- sorption features in (sub)millimeter transmission spectra of exoplanets, however stellar (sub) millime- ter brightness is insufficient for transit spectroscopy with modern instruments. Excess stellar (sub) millimeter emission due to activity is unlikely to significantly enhance the detectability of planets in transit except in select pre-main-sequence stars. -
Report by the ESA–ESO Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets
Report by the ESA–ESO Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets 4 March 2005 Summary Various techniques are being used to search for extra-solar planetary signatures, including accurate measurement of radial velocity and positional (astrometric) dis- placements, gravitational microlensing, and photometric transits. Planned space experiments promise a considerable increase in the detections and statistical know- ledge arising especially from transit and astrometric measurements over the years 2005–15, with some hundreds of terrestrial-type planets expected from transit mea- surements, and many thousands of Jupiter-mass planets expected from astrometric measurements. Beyond 2015, very ambitious space (Darwin/TPF) and ground (OWL) experiments are targeting direct detection of nearby Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone and the measurement of their spectral characteristics. Beyond these, ‘Life Finder’ (aiming to produce confirmatory evidence of the presence of life) and ‘Earth Imager’ (some massive interferometric array providing resolved images of a distant Earth) arXiv:astro-ph/0506163v1 8 Jun 2005 appear as distant visions. This report, to ESA and ESO, summarises the direction of exo-planet research that can be expected over the next 10 years or so, identifies the roles of the major facilities of the two organisations in the field, and concludes with some recommendations which may assist development of the field. The report has been compiled by the Working Group members and experts (page iii) over the period June–December 2004. Introduction & Background Following an agreement to cooperate on science planning issues, the executives of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the European Space Agency (ESA) Science Programme and representatives of their science advisory structures have met to share information and to identify potential synergies within their future projects. -
Looking for New Earth in the Coming Decade
Detection of Earth-like Planets with NWO With discoveries like methane on Mars (Mumma et al. 2009) and super-Earth planets orbiting nearby stars (Howard et al. 2009), the fields of exobiology and exoplanetary science are breaking new ground on almost a weekly basis. These two fields will one day merge, with the high goal of discovering Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars and the subsequent search for signs of life on those planets. The Kepler mission will soon place clear bounds on the frequency of terrestrial-sized planets (Basri et al. 2008). Beyond that, the great challenge is to determine their true natures. Are terrestrial exoplanets anything like Earth, with life forms able to thrive even on the surface? What is the range of conditions under which Earth-like and other habitable worlds can arise? Every stellar system in the solar neighborhood is entirely unique, and it is almost certain that anything that can happen, will. With current and near-term technology, we can make great strides in finding and characterizing planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. Given reasonable mission specifications for the New Worlds Observer, the layout of the stars in the solar neighborhood, and their variable characteristics (especially exozodiacal dust) a direct imaging mission can detect and characterize dozens of Earths. Not only does direct imaging achieve detection of planets in a single visit, but photometry, spectroscopy, polarimetry and time-variability in those signals place strong constraints on how those planets compare to our own, including plausible ranges in planet mass and atmospheric and internal structure. -
Link 1. JA Acosta-Pulido, I. Agudo, R. Barrena
# Author Year Title Journal Vol. Page [Count Tel. (Instrument) Link ry] 1. J. A. Acosta‐pulido, I. Agudo, R. Barrena, C. Ramos Almeida, A. 2010 The redshift and broad‐band spectral energy distribution of A&A 519 A5 [ES] WHT (LIRIS) http://www.aanda.org/index.php?op Manchado and P. Rodríguez‐Gil NRAO 150 tion=com_article&access=standard&I temid=129&url=/articles/aa/full_htm l/2010/11/aa13953‐09/aa13953‐ 09.html 2. R. Alonso, H. J. Deeg, P. Kabath and M. Rabus 2010 Ground‐based Near‐infrared Observations of the Secondary AJ 139 1481 [CH] WHT (LIRIS) http://iopscience.iop.org/1538‐ Eclipse of CoRoT‐2b 3881/139/4/1481/fulltext 3. J. P. Anderson, R. A. Covarrubias, P. A. James, M. Hamuy and S. 2010 Observational constraints on the progenitor metallicities of MNRAS 407 2660 [CL] WHT (ISIS) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10 M. Habergham core‐collapse supernovae .1111/j.1365‐2966.2010.17118.x/full 4. Iair Arcavi, Avishay Gal‐Yam, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Robert M. 2010 Core‐collapse Supernovae from the Palomar Transient ApJ 721 777 [IL] WHT (ISIS) http://iopscience.iop.org/0004‐ Quimby, Eran O. Ofek, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, Peter E. Nugent, S. Factory: Indications for a Different Population in Dwarf 637X/721/1/777/fulltext Bradley Cenko, Joshua S. Bloom, Mark Sullivan, D. Andrew Galaxies Howell, Dovi Poznanski, Alexei V. Filippenko, Nicholas Law, Isobel Hook, Jakob Jönsson, Sarah Blake, Jeff Cooke, Richard Dekany, Gustavo Rahmer, David Hale, Roger Smith, Jeff Zolkower, Viswa Velur, Richard Walters, John Henning, Kahnh Bui, Dan McKenna and Janet Jacobsen 5. -
Meeting Program
A A S MEETING PROGRAM 211TH MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY WITH THE HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS DIVISION (HEAD) AND THE HISTORICAL ASTRONOMY DIVISION (HAD) 7-11 JANUARY 2008 AUSTIN, TX All scientific session will be held at the: Austin Convention Center COUNCIL .......................... 2 500 East Cesar Chavez St. Austin, TX 78701 EXHIBITS ........................... 4 FURTHER IN GRATITUDE INFORMATION ............... 6 AAS Paper Sorters SCHEDULE ....................... 7 Rachel Akeson, David Bartlett, Elizabeth Barton, SUNDAY ........................17 Joan Centrella, Jun Cui, Susana Deustua, Tapasi Ghosh, Jennifer Grier, Joe Hahn, Hugh Harris, MONDAY .......................21 Chryssa Kouveliotou, John Martin, Kevin Marvel, Kristen Menou, Brian Patten, Robert Quimby, Chris Springob, Joe Tenn, Dirk Terrell, Dave TUESDAY .......................25 Thompson, Liese van Zee, and Amy Winebarger WEDNESDAY ................77 We would like to thank the THURSDAY ................. 143 following sponsors: FRIDAY ......................... 203 Elsevier Northrop Grumman SATURDAY .................. 241 Lockheed Martin The TABASGO Foundation AUTHOR INDEX ........ 242 AAS COUNCIL J. Craig Wheeler Univ. of Texas President (6/2006-6/2008) John P. Huchra Harvard-Smithsonian, President-Elect CfA (6/2007-6/2008) Paul Vanden Bout NRAO Vice-President (6/2005-6/2008) Robert W. O’Connell Univ. of Virginia Vice-President (6/2006-6/2009) Lee W. Hartman Univ. of Michigan Vice-President (6/2007-6/2010) John Graham CIW Secretary (6/2004-6/2010) OFFICERS Hervey (Peter) STScI Treasurer Stockman (6/2005-6/2008) Timothy F. Slater Univ. of Arizona Education Officer (6/2006-6/2009) Mike A’Hearn Univ. of Maryland Pub. Board Chair (6/2005-6/2008) Kevin Marvel AAS Executive Officer (6/2006-Present) Gary J. Ferland Univ. of Kentucky (6/2007-6/2008) Suzanne Hawley Univ. -
Mètodes De Detecció I Anàlisi D'exoplanetes
MÈTODES DE DETECCIÓ I ANÀLISI D’EXOPLANETES Rubén Soussé Villa 2n de Batxillerat Tutora: Dolors Romero IES XXV Olimpíada 13/1/2011 Mètodes de detecció i anàlisi d’exoplanetes . Índex - Introducció ............................................................................................. 5 [ Marc Teòric ] 1. L’Univers ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 Les estrelles .................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Vida de les estrelles .............................................................. 7 1.1.2 Classes espectrals .................................................................9 1.1.3 Magnitud ........................................................................... 9 1.2 Sistemes planetaris: El Sistema Solar .............................................. 10 1.2.1 Formació ......................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Planetes .......................................................................... 13 2. Planetes extrasolars ............................................................................ 19 2.1 Denominació .............................................................................. 19 2.2 Història dels exoplanetes .............................................................. 20 2.3 Mètodes per detectar-los i saber-ne les característiques ..................... 26 2.3.1 Oscil·lació Doppler ........................................................... 27 2.3.2 Trànsits -
Super Earth Explorer: a Coronagraphic Off-Axis Space Telescope
DRAFT Super Earth Explorer: A Coronagraphic Off-Axis Space Telescope Schneider J.a, Boccaletti A.b, Mawet D.e Baudoz P.b, Beuzit J.-L.c, Doyon R.d Marley M.e, Stam D g., Tinetti Gh. Traub W. f, Trauger J.f, Aylward A.h, Cho J. Y-K. i , Keller C.-U. J , Udry S.k, and the SEE-COAST Team 1 a LUTH, Paris Observatory; b LESIA, Paris Observatory; c LAOG; d U. Montreal, e NASA/Ames, f Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; g SRON; hUCL, ; i Queen Mary, U. London, J U. Utrecht,, k Geneva Observatory jean.schneider.obspm.fr keywords: exoplanets, coronagraphy Accepted in “Experimental Astronomy” 1 Full list at the end of the paper 1 Abstract: The Super-Earth Explorer is an Off-Axis Space Telescope (SEE-COAST) designed for high contrast imaging. Its scientific objective is to make the physico-chemical characterization of exoplanets possibly down to 2 Earth radii . For that purpose it will analyze the spectral and polarimetric properties of the parent starlight reflected by the planets, in the wavelength range 400-1250 nm 1. Scientific Objectives The currently known planetary systems from indirect detection show a huge diversity in the orbits (semi-major axis and eccentricity), masses, and, in a few cases, radii of their planets. If we add to this the observation that the planets in our Solar System differ strongly from each other, there is no doubt that more information on the physical characteristics of exoplanets will reveal not only new and unexpected scenarios but also answers and a better understanding. -
Gravitational Microlensing by Exoplanets and Exomoons
INTERNATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE SPATIUM Published by the Association Pro ISSI No. 45, May 2020 Gravitational Microlensing by Exoplanets and Exomoons 200216_Spatium_45_2020_(001_016).indd 1 16.05.20 11:11 Editorial Since Copernicus (1473–1543) was world view abruptly. They seemed not able to measure brightness not to be inhabited as previously Impressum variations of the stars due to Earth’s assumed, and life appeared not to revolutionary motion around the be a matter of course. Astrophys- Sun, he inferred that stars must be ics and interdisciplinary science ISSN 2297–5888 (Print) very far away from Earth. During recognised the very special condi- ISSN 2297–590X (Online) the 16th and 17th Centuries schol- tions required to create life. More- ars began gradually to realise that over, these conditions need to be Spatium the Universe, i.e., the sphere of very selective and restricting, de- Published by the fixed stars enclosing our Solar pending not only on physical and Association Pro ISSI System, might not be finite but chemical parameters but particu- infinite. Philosophical arguments larly on stable and stabilising hab- by Thomas Digges (1546–1595) or itable environments in space and Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) sup- on ground. ported this view. Galileo (1564– Today, the existence of extra-ter- Association Pro ISSI 1642) provided evidence from ob- restrial life seems to be quite likely Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern servations of the Milky Way using for statistical reasons. However, it Phone +41 (0)31 631 48 96 his telescope. is very hard to find evidence from see In his Cosmotheoros posthumously bio-markers identified in exoplan- www.issibern.ch/pro-issi.html published in 1698, Christiaan Huy- etary spectra as long as it is not clear for the whole Spatium series gens (1629–1695) estimated the dis- what life actually is.