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UNOCHAPECÓ Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais i UNIVERSIDADE COMUNITÁRIA DA REGIÃO DE CHAPECÓ – UNOCHAPECÓ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais Cristiano Ilha DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE LORICARIIDAE (ACTINOPTERYGII: SILURIFORMES) NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO ALTO RIO URUGUAI Chapecó – SC, 2012 i UNIVERSIDADE COMUNITÁRIA DA REGIÃO DE CHAPECÓ – UNOCHAPECÓ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais Diversidade, composição e distribuição espaço-temporal de Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) na bacia hidrográfica do Alto rio Uruguai Cristiano Ilha Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, como parte dos pré-requisitos para a obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Ambientais Orientadora: Drª. Gilza Maria de Souza-Franco Co-orientação: Dr. Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki Chapecó – SC, 2012 ii iii iv AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço inicialmente meus orientadores Dra. Gilza Maria de Souza-Franco e Dr. Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki pela orientação, confiança e apoio em todos os momentos e principalmente a amizade prestada durante a realização deste trabalho. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências ambientais pela oportunidade de realização do Curso de Mestrado. Aos professores da Pós-Graduação em Ciências ambientais, pelo exemplo de profissionalismo e dedicação. Aos colegas e amigos de Pós-Graduação, principalmente a Jerri Andre Berto, Bruna Laís Turra, Cassiano Lazarotto, Diana Folmer, Marcos Alexandre Danieli e Veluma De Bastiane pela amizade companheirismo e pelas importantes horas de discussões. A todos meus companheiros do laboratório de ecologia em especial a Jaqueline Vitorello, Bruna Fitarelli, Bruna Capitanio, Jessica Fiorese e Kauane Bordin pela grande ajuda prestada no durante as atividades no laboratório. A capes pela concessão da bolsa para mestrado. E principalmente aos meus pais João e Cladir e meus irmãos Cleomar e Thailine, amor, carinho e amizade que sempre transmitiram. v RESUMO Ilha, Cristiano. Diversidade, composição e distribuição espaço-temporal de Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) na bacia hidrográfica do Alto rio Uruguai. Dissertação (Mestrado). Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, 2012. 52p. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição, diversidade e distribuição espaço-temporal da família Loricariidae na bacia hidrográfica do alto rio Uruguai. Foram realizadas 13 campanhas trimestrais de junho de 2007 a junho de 2010. As artes de pesca empregadas consistiram de redes de espera de altura e comprimento variando de acordo com os pontos. Durante o periodo amostrado foram coletados 1.501 individuos, pertencentes a duas subfamilias, seis genêros e 14 espécies. O genêro que apresentou a maior riqueza foi Hypostomus com seis espécies. No ponto UCX (rio Uruguai) foi registrado o maior valor de CPUE média com 84,6 ind./1000m2 de rede/dia. No rio Uruguai foi registrado os maiores valores CPUE media, com o ULH 6.3 Kg/1000m2 de rede/dia e UCX com 5.9 Kg/1000m2 de rede/dia. A maior riqueza foi observada no rio Uruguai (ULH) com 11 espécies. O ponto com o maior número de espécies constantes foi UCX (rio Uruguai) com quatro espécies. A maior diversidade (H’) e equitabilidade (J’) foram registrados em dois pontos no rio Uruguai: ULH (H’=0,82; J’=0,72) seguido por UP (H’=0,64; J’=0,56). Através da análise de agrupamento foi observada a formação de um grupo com maior similaridade contendo os pontos do rio Uruguai (URMD, URME, URC e UP) e os principais rios afluentes (RPF, RCH e RIR). A ordenação foi semelhante, para CPUE em individuos e biomassa, separando os rios de maior porte dos menores, com destaque para o ponto no rio Uruguai UCX, que apresentou composição distinta dos demais. Durante o período amostrado a maior riqueza média foi registrada no verão (2,51; dp= 1,83) seguido pelo outono (2,1; dp= 1,77). A maior abundância média foi registrada durante o outono com CPUE média de 54,4 ind. 1000m2 de rede/dia (dp= 57,5). A biomassa média dos Loricariidae foi maior no verão com 3,7 Kg/1000m2 de rede/dia (dp= 4371). A sazonalidade demosntrou exercer pouca influência na composição da familia Loricariidae. As variáveis abióticas análisadas não exerceram influência na composição das espécies. Através deste estudo foi possível conhecer composição e a distribuição da família Loricariidae ao longo da bacia hidrográfica do Alto rio Uruguai, bem como avaliar quais fatores influênciam nesta distribuição. Palavras chave: Ecologia, Biodiversidade, Taxocenose, Comunidade, Santa Catarina vi ABSTRACT Ilha, Cristiano. Diversity, composition and spatial-temporal distribution of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) in the basin of the Upper Uruguay River. Dissertation (Master’s degree). Communitarian University of Chapecó, 2012, 52 p. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the composition, diversity and spatial-temporal distribution of the family Loricariidae in the basin of the upper Rio Uruguay. 13 quarterly campaigns were conducted from June 2007 to June 2010. The fishing gear used consisted of gillnets of varying height and length according to the points. During the period sampled were collected from 1501 individuals belonging to two subfamilies, six genera and 14 species. The genre with the highest wealth was Hypostomus with six species. In point UCX (Uruguay River) was recorded the highest CPUE average with 84.6 ind./1000m2 Network / day. In the Uruguay river was recorded the highest average CPUE, with ULH 6.3 Kg/1000m2 network / day and UCX with 5.9 Kg/1000m2 Network / day. The highest richness was found in the river Uruguay (ULH) with 11 species. The point with the largest number of species constant was UCX (Uruguay River) with four species. The highest diversity (H ') and evenness (J') were recorded at two points on the river Uruguay: ULH (H '= 0.82, J' = 0.72) followed by UP (H '= 0.64; J '= 0.56). Through cluster analysis, we observed the formation of a group with greater similarity containing the points of the Uruguay River (URMD, URME, URC and UP) and major tributaries (RPF, RCH and RIR). The ranking was similar for individuals in CPUE and biomass, separating the larger rivers of minors, especially the point on the river Uruguay UCX, which showed a distinct composition. During the sample period the highest average wealth was recorded in summer (2.51, SD = 1.83) followed by autumn (2.1, SD = 1.77). The highest average abundance was recorded during autumn with average CPUE of 54.4 ind. Network 1000m2 / day (SD = 57.5). The average biomass of Loricariidae was higher in summer with 3,7 Kg/1000m2 Network / day (SD = 4,3). Seasonality demosntrou exert little influence on the composition of the family Loricariidae. The abiotic variables analyzed had no influence on species composition. Through this study it was possible to know the composition and distribution of the family Loricariidae along the basin of the Upper Uruguay River, as well as evaluate which factors influence this distribution. Keywords: Ecology, Biodiversity, assemblage, Community, Santa Catarina vii LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Mapa com a localização dos pontos de coleta na bacia do Alto Rio Uruguai. RIR - rio Irani; RMA - riacho Monte Alegre; RPF - rio Passo Fundo; UCX - rio Uruguai (Caxambu do Sul); RLB - riacho Lajeado Bonito; URC – rio Uruguai (barramento – centro); URME - rio Uruguai (barramento – margem esquerda; URMD - rio Uruguai (barramento – margem direita); RCH - rio Chapecó; RLSJ - riacho Lajeado São José; UP - rio Uruguai (Balneário de Pratas); RBG - riacho Barra Grande; ULH - rio Uruguai (Balneário de Ilha Redonda)). ........................................................................................................................................ ..........12 Figura 2. Pontos amostrados na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Rio Uruguai no período de Junho de 2007 a junho de 2010. As respectivas numerações são apresentadas entre parênteses: 1) RIR - rio Irani; 2); RMA - riacho Monte Alegre; 3) RPF - rio Passo Fundo; 4) UCX - rio Uruguai (balsa de Caxambu do Sul); 5) RLB - riacho Lajeado Bonito; 6) URC - rio Uruguai (barramento – centro); 7) URME - rio Uruguai (barramento – margem esquerda; 8)URMD - rio Uruguai (barramento – margem direita); 9) RCH - rio Chapecó; 10) RLSJ - riacho Lajeado São José); 11) UP - rio Uruguai (Balneário de Pratas); 12) RBG - riacho Barra Grande; 13) ULH - rio Uruguai (Balneário de Ilha Redonda). .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Figura 3. CPUE média ind./1000m2 de rede/dia na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Rio Uruguai no período de junho de 2007 a junho de 2010. Onde, ponto (média); box (erro padrão); traços (desvio padrão). RIR - rio Irani; RMA - riacho Monte Alegre; RPF- rio Passo Fundo; UCX – rio Uruguai (balsa de Caxambú do Sul); RLB – riacho Lajeado Bonito; URC – rio Uruguai (barramento centro); URME - rio Uruguai (barramento margem esquerda); URMD – rio Uruguai (barramento margem direita); RCH – rio Chapecó; RLSJ – riacho Lajeado São José; UP – rio Uruguai (Balneário de Pratas); RBG - riacho Barra Grande; ULH - rio Uruguai (Balneário de Ilha Redonda). .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Figura 4. CPUE média KG/1000m2 de rede/dia na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Rio Uruguai no período de junho de 2007 a junho de 2010. onde, ponto (média); box (erro padrão); traços (desvio padrão). RIR - rio Irani; RMA - riacho
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