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Identifikasi Spesies Sand Bubbler Crabs Di Pantai Camplong Madura

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Identifikasi Spesies Sand Bubbler Crabs Di Pantai Camplong Madura Stigma 11(1): 52-61; April 2018 ISSN: 1412 – 1840 © 2018 Prodi Biologi FMIPA UNIPA Surabaya IDENTIFIKASI SPESIES SAND BUBBLER CRABS DI PANTAI CAMPLONG MADURA Safirah N. Adhani 1, Vania N. Azizah 2, Muhlas 3, Reni Ambarwati 4, Erlix R. Purnama 5 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya Jalan Ketintang, Surabaya 60231 Co-author: [email protected] ABSTRAK Pantai Camplong memiliki karakter yang dapat digunakan sebagai daya tarik wisatawan yaitu fenomena sand balls . Hal ini terjadi karena ada aktivitas makan kepiting pantai disetiap kondisi air laut surut. Beberapa dari jenis kepiting pantai tergolong dalam sand bubbler crabs yang merupakan kepiting-kepiting kecil yang hidup pada ekosistem tropis di pesisir pantai berpasir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi spesies kepiting yang tergolong sand bubbler crabs dan mengetahui kelimpahan relatifnya di Pantai Camplong Madura. Pengambilan sample dilakukan dengan metode sampling mengikuti arah pasang-surut air laut dengan menggunakan sepuluh plot yang berukuran 2x2 m dan berjarak 10 m antar plot. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengukur dimensi karapaks pada beberapa kepiting yang ditemukan disetiap plot lalu dibandingkan antara warna kaki dan karapaksnya. Hasil identifikasi diketahui ada lima spesies kepiting dengan dua diantaranya merupakan spesies yang tergolong sand bubbler crabs yaitu Scopimera globosa , dan Scopimera intermediata. Kedua spesies tersebut ditemukan dengan kelimpahan relatif yang secara berurutan yaitu 36,4%, dan 38,1% dari total seluruh spesies kepiting yang ditemukan. Tiga spesies kepiting pantai lainnya yang teridentifikasi adalah Mictyris longicarpus, Thalamita spinimana dan Asthoret lunaris dengan kelimpahan relatif total sebesar 25,5%. Simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah spesies yang tergolong sand bubbler crabs di Pantai Camplong Madura terdiri dari dua spesies berbeda yaitu Scopimera globosa dan Scopimera intermediata. Kata kunci: sand bubbler crab ; sand ball; pantai Camplong; identifikasi spesies PENDAHULUAN pantai Camplong adalah Pulau Madura memiliki keanekaragaman invertebrata, yang potensi yang cukup besar di bidang terdapat di daerah zona intertidal. ekowisata, salah satunya adalah Zona intertidal adalah daerah pantai pantai Camplong. Karakteristik yang terletak antara pasang tinggi pantai Camplong yaitu pantai dan surut terendah. Zona intertidal berpasir, dan 200 meter arah selatan dimulai dari pasang tertinggi sampai jika mencapai surut terjauh akan surut terendah. Zona ini hanya terlihat ekosistem karang. Pantai terdapat pada daerah daratan yang Camplong terletak di selatan Pulau luas dengan pantai yang landai, Madura, Desa Dharma, Kecamatan sesuai dengan kondisi pantai Camplong, Kabupaten Sampang Camplong (Katili, 2011). Zona ini (Sahir, 2014). Salah satu potensi luasnya sangat terbatas, tetapi 52 Adhani dkk: Identifikasi Spesies Sand Bubbler Crabs di Pantai Camplong Madura banyak terdapat variasi faktor Camplong, Madura, perlu dilakukan lingkungan yang terbesar identifikasi jenis kepiting yang dibandingkan dengan daerah lautan termasuk dalam sand bubbler crabs . lainnya, karena itu keragaman Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan organismenya sangat besar. Salah dari penelitian ini adalah untuk satu hewan yang terdapat di zona mengidentifikasi spesies kepiting intertidal adalah kepiting (Salmanu, yang termasuk dalam Sand Bubbler 2014). Crabs di Pantai Camplong, Keanekaragaman kepiting di Sampang Madura serta menghitung pantai Camplong cukup beragam. kelimpahan relatif dari masing- Terdapat perilaku kepiting yang masing spesies yang di temukan. dapat digunakan daya tarik wisatawan, yaitu pola-pola khusus METODE PENELITIAN dari pasir yang berbentuk bulat- Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulat kecil, atau disebut sebagai pada tanggal 15 Januari 2017, saat sand balls . Kepiting-kepiting yang surut mencapai -160 meter. dapat menghasilkan sand balls Bertempat di Pantai Camplong, disebut dengan sand bubbler crabs Madura. Objek penelitian ini adalah (Wong et al, 2010). Sand bubbler hewan kepiting terutama jenis sand crabs memiliki perilaku makan yang bubble crabs yang ada pada cukup unik, yaitu butiran pasir kawasan tersebut. Metode yang dimasukkan ke mulut kemudian digunakan dalam penelitian ini disaring, sisa pasir kemudian adalah metode sampling mengikuti dibuang berbentuk seperti bola-bola arah surut air laut menggunakan 10 kecil ( sand balls ) (Wong et al , plot ukuran 2x2 meter, dengan jarak 2010). Selain itu bentukan sand tiap plot 10 meter. Data yang balls memiliki pola-pola tertentu, diambil berupa data primer dan yang dapat digunakan sebagai daya sekunder. Data primer meliputi tarik wisatawan. spesies hewan, aktivitas, dan lokasi Pada Pantai Camplong, perjumpaan langsung. Untuk data Madura terdapat satu jenis kepiting sekunder meliputi substrat pada tiap yang tergolong sebagai sand plot, sand balls, serta dokumentasi bubbler crabs yaitu genus kondisi masing-masing plot Scopimera . Dari beberapa jenis (Gambar 1). kepiting yang terdapat di pantai 53 Stigma 11(1): 52-61; April 2018 ISSN: 1412 – 1840 © 2018 Prodi Biologi FMIPA UNIPA Surabaya Gambar 1. Lokasi pengambilan sample dengan 10 plot ukuran 2x2 meter. Alat dan bahan yang warna dari kaki dan karapaksnya, dibutuhkan pada saat kegiatan serta membandingkan letak lapangan meliputi pasak 40 buah, ditemukannya. Data dikumpulkan tali rafia, alat tulis, kamera, kantong dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan plastik, botol kaca, spidol, senter, disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan mantel hujan. Bahan yang gambar. Digunakan data kelimpahan digunakan di laboratorium adalah untuk mengetahui kepadatan formalin 4%, kapas, tisu, serta buku individu dalam suatu ekosistem. identifikasi hewan. Pengambilan Untuk menghitung kelimpahan sampel dilakukan pada pagi hari relatif digunakan rumus sebagai mengikuti waktu surut pukul 06.00 berikut: sampai 09.00 WIB. Prosedur penelitian, dilakukan pengawetan Di = ni/N x 100% spesimen menggunakan formalin agar warna dan tubuh spesimen Keterangan: Di = kelimpahan relatif (%) ; tidak rusak. Identifikasi dilakukan ni = jumlah individu setiap jenis ; N = dengan mengukur ukuran karapaks, jumlah total individu 54 Adhani dkk: Identifikasi Spesies Sand Bubbler Crabs di Pantai Camplong Madura HASIL Berdasarkan hasil observasi Mictyris (Gambar 1) , Scopimera dan identifikasi yang dilakukan (Gambar 2 dan 3) , Thalamita diperoleh lima jenis hewan kepiting, (Gambar 4) dan Asthoret (Gambar yang terdiri dari tiga genus, yaitu 5) . A B Gambar 1. Mictyris longicarpus bagian dorsal (A); Mictyris longicarpus bagian ventral (B) A B Gambar 2. Scopimera globosa bagian dorsal (A); Scopimera globosa bagian ventral (B) A B Gambar 3. Scopimera intermediata bagian dorsal (A); Scopimera intermediata bagian ventral (B) 55 Stigma 11(1): 52-61; April 2018 ISSN: 1412 – 1840 © 2018 Prodi Biologi FMIPA UNIPA Surabaya Gambar 4. Thalamita spinimana bagian dorsal A B Gambar 5. Asthoret lunaris bagian dorsal (A); Astorhet lunaris bagian ventral (B) Dari lima spesies yang dalam spesies sand bubbler crab ditemukan dilakukan identifikasi yaitu Mictyris longicarpus , dengan mengukur karapaks, warna Scopimera globosa , dan Scopimera dari kaki dan karapaksnya, serta intermediata . Sedangkan dua membandingkan letak spesies lainnya yaitu, Thalamita ditemukannya. Hasil identifikasi spinimana dan Asthoret lunaris ditemukan lima spesies kepiting, tidak termasuk dalam sand bubbler yang tiga diantaranya termasuk crab. (Tabel 1.) Tabel 1. Identifikasi spesies kepiting di pantai Camplong, Madura Hasil Identifikasi Letak Spesies Warna Warna Ukuran ditemukannya Karapaks Kaki Karapaks (plot) Mictyris hitam pxl ± 1,5 x di dalam pasir orange longicarpus keabuan ± 1 cm (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) di permukaan Scopimera cokelat coklat pxl ± 1 x ± 1 pasir (2, 3, 4, 5, globosa kehitaman keabuan cm 6, 7) 56 Adhani dkk: Identifikasi Spesies Sand Bubbler Crabs di Pantai Camplong Madura Hasil Identifikasi Letak Spesies Warna Warna Ukuran ditemukannya Karapaks Kaki Karapaks (plot) bercorak di permukaan Scopimera coklat pxl ± 1 x ± (kuning pasir (2, 3, 4, 5, intermediata kekuningan 1 cm kehijauan) 6, 7) Thalamita pxl ± 1,2 x di permukaan merah bata merah bata spinimana ± 1 cm pasir (5) di permukaan pasir yang Asthoret coklat pxl ± 4,8 x Coklat masih tergenang lunaris oranye ± 3 cm air laut (4, 7, 9) Terdapat perbedaan kondisi memiliki nilai kelimpahan relatif pada tiap plot mulai dari yang paling tinggi yaitu sbesar keanekaragaman spesies, jumlah 38,1%, sedangkan untuk spesies dari masing-masing spesies, kondisi Thalamita spinimana dan Asthoret pada masing-masing plot. Dari 10 lunaris yang tidak termasuk dalam plot yang dibuat, diketahui spesies sand bubbler crabs hanya memiliki sand bubbler crabs banyak kelimpahan relatif sebesar 3,8% dan ditemukan di pantai Camplong. 5,1%. (Tabel 2.) Spesies Scopimera intermediata Tabel 2. Kelimpahan relatif spesies kepiting di pantai Camplong, Madura Spesies Kepiting Plot Mictyris Scopimera Scopimera Thalamita Asthoret longicarpus intermediata globosa spinimana lunaris 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2 3,2% 2,1% 3,3% 0% 0% 3 2,4% 4,4% 5,4% 0% 0% 4 5,8% 12,6% 9,1% 0% 1,3% 5 4,5% 11,9% 14,2% 3,8% 0% 6 0,7% 4,7% 3,1% 0% 0% 7 0% 2,4% 1,3% 0% 1,9% 57 Stigma 11(1): 52-61; April 2018 ISSN: 1412 – 1840 © 2018 Prodi Biologi FMIPA UNIPA Surabaya Spesies Kepiting Plot Mictyris Scopimera Scopimera Thalamita Asthoret longicarpus intermediata globosa spinimana lunaris 9 0% 0% 0% 0% 1,9% 10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Total 16,6% 38,1% 36,4% 3,8% 5,1% PEMBAHASAN Ekosistem perairan, baik suatu perairan. Salah satu kelompok perairan sungai,
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