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String Theory Flux Vacua on Twisted Tori and Generalized Complex Geometry String theory flux vacua on twisted tori and Generalized Complex Geometry David Andriot To cite this version: David Andriot. String theory flux vacua on twisted tori and Generalized Complex Geometry. Physics. Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. English. <tel-00497172> HAL Id: tel-00497172 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497172 Submitted on 2 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE THEORIQUE ET HAUTES ENERGIES THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE PARIS 6 Spécialité: Physique Présentée par David ANDRIOT Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de l’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE PARIS 6 Sujet: STRING THEORY FLUX VACUA ON TWISTED TORI AND GENERALIZED COMPLEX GEOMETRY SOLUTIONS AVEC FLUX DE LA THEORIE DES CORDES SUR TORES TWISTES, ET GEOMETRIE COMPLEXE GENERALISEE Soutenue le 1er juillet 2010 devant le jury composé de M. Iosif BENA, examinateur, Mme Michela PETRINI, directrice de thèse, M. Henning SAMTLEBEN, rapporteur, M. Dimitrios TSIMPIS, rapporteur, M. Daniel WALDRAM, examinateur, M. Jean-Bernard ZUBER, examinateur. Remerciements Je remercie en premier lieu ma directrice de thèse Michela Petrini. Je la remercie tout d’abord d’avoir accepté de me prendre comme étudiant de thèse. Elle m’a ainsi permis d’entrer dans le monde de la recherche, ce dont je rêvais depuis longtemps. Elle m’a également introduit à une thématique de recherche qui s’est avérée me plaire énormément. Je la remercie ensuite d’avoir supporté certains de mes travers, notamment mon style rédactionnel et mes goûts cinématographiques. Ceux-ci n’ont pas toujours été adaptés à sa notion de l’esthétique, qui restera pour moi un idéal. Plus sérieusement, je la remercie d’avoir su accepter mon fort besoin d’indépendance. Elle m’a laissé me développer (pour reprendre ses mots, “j’ai appris à faire mes lacets” tout seul), tout en me recadrant à chaque fois que cela était nécessaire. Elle m’a de plus toujours dirigé vers les bonnes personnes, et toujours soutenu quand cela était nécessaire. Son sens professionnel m’a été très profitable. Je la remercie aussi pour son apport scientifique majeur. Son sens de la physique, son haut niveau scientifique et sa connaissance générale de la théorie des cordes sont incontestables. J’espère pouvoir continuer à en profiter par la suite. Enfin, je la remercie pour son naturel très humain, sa gentillesse, et ses qualités sociales, qui ont permis une base très agréable dans nos relations. Comment ne pas remercier ensuite celui qui a joué également un rôle prédominant, mon collab- orateur Ruben Minasian. Je le remercie avant tout pour ses nombreux conseils non-scientifiques, son soutien dans de nombreuses situations, et son sens social. Ils ont été déterminants durant ma thèse et pour la suite. Son apport scientifique a aussi été fondamental, en particulier en géométrie différentielle. Il a également su collaborer de manière constructive, tout en respectant nos différentes manières de procéder. Je le remercie enfin pour ses idées tantôt folles ou brillantes, pour son écoute, pour ses multiples anecdotes, et pour son humour grinçant. Je remercie enfin mon compagnon d’infortune, avec qui j’ai souffert dans les déserts mathématiques des algèbres résolubles, dans certains calculs effrayants et interminables, et dans le quotidien du tra- vail de recherche: mon collaborateur Enrico Goi. Ses ressources mathématiques, sa disponibilité, et sa bonne volonté ont certainement été d’un grand soutien. Je remercie ensuite toutes les personnes qui ont eu le courage, la curiosité ou le devoir d’assister à ma soutenance de thèse. J’espère qu’au moins le pot de thèse les récompensera. Je remercie en particulier les membres de mon jury, Iosif Bena, Henning Samtleben, Dimitrios Tsimpis, Daniel Waldram, et Jean-Bernard Zuber, pour avoir accepté de participer, pour le temps accordé, et les remarques pertinentes qu’ils m’ont fournies. Je remercie expressément mes deux rapporteurs, Henning Samtleben et Dimitrios Tsimpis, pour avoir accepté ce travail, et l’avoir fait si efficacement et de manière constructive. Je remercie les membres du LPTHE pour l’accueil chaleureux et l’ouverture scientifique qui règne dans le laboratoire. Ce cadre de travail a été non seulement agréable mais stimulant. Je remercie en particulier le personnel administratif, à savoir Olivier Babelon, Damien Brémont, Françoise Got, Isabelle Nicolaï, Lionel Pihery, Annie Richard, Valérie Sabouraud, et tous les autres, pour avoir géré toutes ces choses que nous ignorons, mais également tous mes voyages, mes conférences, mes divers problèmes, de manière toujours efficace. Je remercie également le groupe de théorie des cordes du LPTHE. Son dynamisme, son ouverture, sa bonne humeur m’ont énormément apporté. Je remercie plus largement le groupe de théorie des cordes de la région parisienne. Là encore, l’activité, le dynamisme, la facilité avec laquelle il était possible de se rencontrer, discuter, m’a offert un cadre extrêmement enrichissant pour ma thèse. Durant ma thèse, j’ai également beaucoup voyagé, et cela m’a été très profitable. Je remercie toutes les personnes et les organismes qui ont rendu cela possible, notamment le LPTHE, le LPTENS, la FRIF, le CNRS, l’UPMC, l’ANR, ainsi que tous les laboratoires que j’ai visité. Je remercie les or- ganisateurs des écoles Paris - Bruxelles - Amsterdam 2006, RTN Winter School 2008 au CERN, et des écoles de mai 2008 et de mars 2009 à l’ICTP à Trieste. Ces écoles ont été l’occasion pour moi d’apprendre énormément et de faire de nombreuses rencontres. Je remercie tous ceux qui y ont participé, étudiants ou chercheurs, pour avoir rendu ces moments enrichissants et agréables. J’ai également assisté voire participé à quelques conférences dont le 4th EU RTN Workshop à Varna. Je remercie les organisateurs pour les mêmes raisons. Enfin, j’ai effectué de nombreuses visites de labo- ratoires et donné des séminaires, aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. Je remercie toutes les personnes qui m’y ont invité, toutes celles qui m’ont reçu et rendu mes séjours plaisants. Les échanges scientifiques que j’ai pu avoir dans ces occasions, mais également mon aperçu de la communauté internationale, m’ont été très précieux. Je remercie enfin tous les scientifiques avec qui j’ai pu échanger au cours de ma thèse, en partic- ulier: Ch. Bock, Agostino Butti, Davide Cassani, Atish Dabholkar, Mark Goodsell, Mariana Graña, Amir Kashani-Poor, Paul Koerber, Guiseppe Policastro, Waldemar Schulgin, Ashoke Sen, Alessan- dro Tomasiello, Ian Troost, Dimitrios Tsimpis, Alberto Zaffaroni, etc. Un remerciement particulier à Gregory Korchemsky, qui a toujours été de bon conseil avant, puis pendant ma thèse. Je le remercie également pour son apport scientifique important, en particulier en théorie des champs, et pour son soutien solide pour mon après-thèse. Plus personnellement, je remercie tous mes collègues étudiants du LPTHE. Plus que d’avoir rendu ma thèse agréable, j’ai passé avec eux des moments inoubliables. Merci à Camille Aron, Guillaume Bossard, Solène Chevalier Thery, Quentin Duret, Benoît Estienne, Tiago Fonseca, Joao Gomes, Nico- las Houdeau, Demian Levis, Ann-Kathrin Maier, Alexis Martin, Yann Michel, César Moura, Redamy Perez Ramos, Clément Rousset, Mathieu Rubin, Alberto Sicilia, et leurs moitiés. Sans oublier Bruno Machet. Merci à vous pour les time challenges dont je fus un fervent adepte, merci pour les cake challenges, les records de Pacman, les têtes à claques, la chanson du dimanche, les repas thésards, les déjeuners à la cantine, etc. Un merci particulier au groupe du Brésil avec qui j’ai réalisé un voyage extraordinaire, et bien plus par ailleurs. Enfin, une pensée toute particulière pour Mathieu Rubin, avec qui j’ai partagé mon bureau pendant quatre ans. Il a subi mon humeur, mes insultes, mon humour discutable, mes demandes de service répétées, les discussions avec mes collaborateurs, mes coups de téléphones, etc. Il est néanmoins parvenu à faire une excellente thèse, ce dont je ne pouvais douter. Merci pour son aide informatique, et mathématique, nos discussions m’auront souvent aidé à avancer, ne serait-ce que dans ma recherche. Sa présence et son caractère inimitable me manqueront. Un grand merci à ma famille et à mes amis qui m’ont soutenu à leur manière durant ces qua- tre années. Ils m’ont souvent permis de garder les pieds sur terre, et ont su respecter la voie que j’avais choisie. En particulier, merci à mes parents et ma famille pour m’avoir permis et encouragé à me lancer dans cette voie pour le moins hasardeuse. Merci également à tous pour les efforts de vulgarisation que vous m’avez demandés, qui m’ont permis de rester en phase avec le monde réel. Merci également à Marc Lilley avec qui j’ai beaucoup échangé scientifiquement et personnellement, en particulier à l’occasion de la création de la conférence SCSC09, mais pas seulement. Enfin, un merci particulier à mon ami et collègue Benjamin Basso avec qui j’ai partagé de nombreux doutes, des questions de physique, des moments de lassitude comme de joies scientifiques, et bien plus que cela. Une telle relation est rare et privilégiée. J’espère préserver celle-ci aussi longtemps que possible. Tous ces remerciements ne sont rien à côté de ceux dûs à Cécile. En quelques mots, forcément insuff- isants: merci pour ta présence, ton écoute, ta patience, ton soutien, permanents pendant ces quatre années.
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