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SHILOH National Military Park SHILOH National Military Park TENNESSEE clearings, Grant's weary men stood on the North on July 4, 1863. The Confederacy gest you visit the museum in the visitor bluffs above Pittsburg Landing with their was cut in two. center near Pittsburg Landing, which is open SHILOH backs to the river. Here they rallied and, from 8 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. in winter and with the help of massed artillery and two The Park and Cemetery until 5:30 p.m. in summer. Relics, exhibits, NATIONAL gunboats, repulsed the last Confederate at­ and maps relating to the battle and the war Shiloh National Military Park was estab­ tempt to capture the landing. are displayed, and a historical film is shown lished by an act of Congress in 1894. It MILITARY PARK During that rainy night, about 25,000 throughout the day. fresh Union troops, from General Buell's contains about 3,600 acres of Federal lands, Those who plan to visit in a group may army and Gen. Lew Wallace's division, took including the areas of heaviest fighting in receive special service if advance arrange­ Shiloh —" . a case of Southern dash against Northern pluck and endurance . position in Grant's line. At dawn on April the battle. The National Cemetery, estab­ ments are made with the superintendent. The troops on both sides were Americans . united they need not fear any foreign foe." 7, 37,000 Confederates faced Union forces lished in 1866 and containing 10 acres, is —GEN. U. S. GRANT the battle. In the Hornets' Nest, the Union of 55,000, and the thin Confederate line near the visitor center on a bluff overlooking line stood fast, shattering wave after wave gave ground as the Northern counterattack Pittsburg Landing and the Tennessee River. Administration HILOH WAS the first major battle in ing for the arrival from Nashville of Gen. of attacking Confederates. Near the Peach gathered strength. At 2 p.m., Johnston's More than 3,700 Federal soldiers are buried the western campaigns of the War Be­ D. C. Buell's army. The Northern armies Orchard, General Johnston, while directing Shiloh National Military Park and Ceme­ S successor, Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, ordered here, two-thirds of whom are unidentified. tween the States. The courage and devotion planned to combine and then attack the a charge against the Federal left, was struck his outnumbered forces to withdraw from tery are administered by the National Park shown here by the unseasoned soldiers of the Confederates at Corinth. in the right leg by a rifle ball. The Confed­ the field. A few days later the Confederates Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. A North and of the South make the battlefield Warned that Buell would join Grant in erate commander died from loss of blood were again encamped at Corinth. Location superintendent, whose address is Pittsburg an inspiring memorial to American valor. a few days, Johnston determined to strike about 2:30 p.m. Confederate Gen. Daniel The 2-day battle cost the North 13,047 The visitor center is located near the west Landing, Tenn., is in immediate charge. The bitter struggle was grim proof that each before his enemies could unite. He intended Ruggles collected 62 cannon from scattered men killed, wounded, and missing. Total bank of the Tennessee River approximately side would fight to the last in defense of its to force his way between Grant's army and points on the field and concentrated a with­ losses for the South were 10,699. 22 miles north of Corinth, Miss., via Mis­ principles. Out of the tragic confusion of the river, thereby cutting off the Northern ering fire on the Federals in the Hornets' The Battle of Shiloh was a vital link in the Mission 66 Shiloh came lessons in warfare that com­ forces from their base of supply at Pittsburg Nest. Late in this afternoon of April 6 the chain of victories which won the Mississippi sissippi 2 and Tennessee 22. It is about manders and men of the opposing armies MISSION 66 is a program designed to be Landing. With Grant's army destroyed, Confederates made their 12th charge upon Valley for the Union. The Confederate base 6 miles south of U.S. 64, the main route never forgot. By opening the road to Union completed by 1966 which will assure the Johnston would then turn on Buell. the Union troops who had defended the at Corinth was abandoned on May 30 to the between Chattanooga and Memphis, via Ten­ victory in the west, the battle struck a fatal maximum protection of the scenic, scientific, After a strenuous march from Corinth, Hornets' Nest and Sunken Road for 8 bitter Federals. The railroad from Memphis to nessee 22. blow to the dream of a Southern Confed­ wilderness, and historic resources of the Na­ through spring rains that turned the roads hours. They forced Gen. Benjamin Prentiss Chattanooga was thereby lost to the Con­ eracy. Northern forces won control of the into rivers of mud, the Confederates formed and 2,200 men to surrender. federacy. By the end of June 1862, only tional Park System in such ways and by such Mississippi River in the following year and About Your Visit their battlelines near Shiloh late on the after­ The Union Army continued to retreat, those forts on the Mississippi River near means as will make them available for the split the South with the capture of Vicksburg. noon of Saturday, April 5, 1862. Shortly some units falling back as much as 3 miles. Vicksburg remained in Southern hands. To acquaint yourself with the battle story use and enjoyment of present and future after daybreak the following morning, they As darkness fell over smoke-filled woods and After a long siege, Vicksburg itself fell to the before taking a tour of the park, we sug­ generations. The Battle of Shiloh stormed the Federal camp along the south The capture of Forts Henry and Donelson and west fronts. During the morning, furi­ Pittsburg Landing, Federal supply base and troop landing point by Union forces in February 1862 forced ous fighting swirled around Shiloh Church, Bloody Pond Graves of six Wisconsin colorbearers Confederate Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston to a small log building for which the battlefield withdraw from Kentucky and most of Ten­ is named. The Union right flank fought des­ nessee. The Confederates retired southward perately to hold the important crossroads and formed a new line of defense along the near the church, but was forced to fall back railroad which ran from Memphis to Chat­ about 10 a. m. The Federals were driven tanooga. Johnston concentrated 44,000 men toward the river instead of away from it as at the important rail center of Corinth, Miss. Johnston had planned. While the Southern troops reorganized, Gen. In the meantime, the Union center had U. S. Grant's Federal army of 40,000 troops withdrawn to positions in the Peach Orchard steamed up the Tennessee River to Pittsburg and in the Hornets' Nest, a natural fortress Landing, 22 miles northeast of Corinth. of dense woods and thickets. Here, as the Grant was ordered to wait at Pittsburg Land­ day wore on, raged the deadliest fighting in Self-Guided Tour SHILOH / *" TENNESSEE J Numbered markers have been placed at points of interest in the park to correspond with those tabulated below and shown on the map. For the complete tour, Nos. 1 to 20 should NATIONAL MIL1TA-RY PARK be followed consecutively. Tour starts in front of the visitor center. 1. Iowa Monument. 13. Center of Hornets' Nest.—Union SHILOH 2. Grant's Last Line.—Cannon mark final forces fought here for 8 hours before sur­ positions of the Union Army on the first day. rendering more than 2,200 men near the 3. Michigan Monument. end of the first day. The Arkansas, Minne­ 4. U. D. C. Confederate Monument. sota, and Wisconsin monuments are nearby. National 5. Sunken Road.—Union troops held the 14. Site of Tent Hospital.—One of the road against repeated Southern attacks on the first tent hospitals on any battlefield was first day. established here by Federal surgeons. 6. Ruggles' Batteries.—Site of 62 Con­ 15. Johnston Monument.—Adjacent to Military federate guns concentrated upon the Hornets' this monument stands the remains of an oak Nest. tree near which Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston 7. Confederate Burial Trench. — The was mortally wounded. Park largest of five trenches in which Southern 16. Peach Orchard and War Cabin.— dead were buried. It contains the remains The orchard was in bloom during the fight­ of more than 700 soldiers. ing. The log cabin was on the field at the 8. Water Oaks Pond. time of the battle. 9- Illinois Monument. 17. Bloody Pond.—During the battle, TENNESSEE 10. Shiloh Church Site.—Here stood the soldiers of both sides came here to drink and original Shiloh Church from which the bat­ to bathe their wounds. tle took its name. The present church was 18. Indian Mounds. — Two types of completed in 1949. mounds built by prehistoric Indians overlook 11. Reconnoitering Road and Fraley the river—the earlier dome-shaped earthwork Field.—On Sunday, April 6, 1862, Federal which covered burials, and the later flat- Scouts moved over this road and struck Con­ topped mounds on which stood ceremonial federates advancing into Fraley Field to the houses. west. There, at daybreak, began the Battle 19. Tennessee River Overlook. of Shiloh. 20. Pittsburg Landing.—Federal base 12. Putnam Stump.—A monument to the during the battle and, for many years, a memory of a private soldier.
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