DOCSLIB.ORG

The Current Status and Control of Horseweed (Conyza Canadensis) in Ohio Soybean (Glycine Max) Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Current Status and Control of Horseweed (Conyza Canadensis) in Ohio Soybean (Glycine Max) Production The Current Status and Control of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Ohio Soybean (Glycine max) Production Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alyssa Irene Lamb Graduate Program in Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University 2018 Thesis Committee Dr. Mark Loux, Advisor Dr. Alex Lindsey Dr. Emilie Regnier 1 Copyrighted by Alyssa Irene Lamb 2018 2 Abstract Studies were conducted from 2013 through 2017 with the objectives of: 1) optimizing a cereal rye cover crop program for the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in soybean production; and 2) determining the frequency, infestation level, and distribution of some of the most common and troublesome weeds in Ohio soybean fields as well as the spatial and temporal distribution of horseweed populations. Two studies were conducted simultaneously from fall of 2016 to fall of 2017 to evaluate how the planting date and seeding rate of a cereal rye cover crop affect horseweed population density, and the utility of cereal rye to aid or replace control from spring preplant residual (Study I) or fall herbicides (Study II). There was no difference in horseweed population density as a result of rye planting date in either study. The rye seeding rate affected horseweed density throughout the season in both studies. Horseweed density was greater in the absence of rye compared to either seeding rate. In Study I, the flumioxazin + metribuzin spring preplant residual reduced horseweed density in June compared with no or low level residual. In July, the flumioxazin + metribuzin treatments had a reduced horseweed density compared to the nontreated, but the flumioxazin alone was not different than the mixture or nontreated. In Study II, the fall herbicide treatment reduced horseweed density until July compared with the absence of a fall treatment. These results suggest that cereal rye used as a cover crop before no-till iii soybeans can reduce GR horseweed plant density, but that fall herbicide treatments and comprehensive spring residual programs are still important to ensure effective GR horseweed control into the growing season. A survey was conducted annually from 2013 through 2017 in 49 to 52 counties in Ohio soybean fields to assess the frequency, infestation level, and distribution of horseweed, giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and three Amaranthus or ‘pigweed’ species. Horseweed was the most frequently encountered species in all years, followed by giant ragweed, pigweeds, and common ragweed, respectively. Horseweed also had the greatest number of infestations (highest density) each year, followed by giant ragweed, common ragweed, and pigweed species, respectively. Spatial cores of interest, or counties identified as having significant levels of horseweed infestations or lack thereof, relative to surrounding counties, were identified in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, but not 2017. However, the lowest total frequency of horseweed occurred in 2017, which coincided with second highest frequency of infestations among years. There was no distinct distribution or pattern of horseweed movement within the state from year to year, but there did seem to be an increase in counties with one to three infested fields over time compared to the early years of the survey where many counties had one or no infested fields. These results suggest that horseweed persists as a common and troublesome threat to Ohio soybean producers, and that growers should still consider making horseweed management a priority when developing weed control programs. iv Vita May 2011 .................................................... Westfall High School December 2015 ........................................... B.S. Agricultural Business and Applied Economics, The Ohio State University January 2016 ............................................... Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University August 2016 ................................................ Graduate Research Fellow, The Ohio State University August 2017 ................................................ Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University January 2018 to present ............................... Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University Field of Study Major Field: Horticulture and Crop Science v Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iii Vita ................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ............................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................ix Chapter 1. Literature Review ........................................................................................... 1 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2. Optimizing a Cereal Rye Cover Crop Program for the Control of Glyphosate- Resistant Horseweed in No-Till Soybeans ..................................................................... 26 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 26 Objectives.................................................................................................................. 28 Materials & Methods ................................................................................................. 28 Results & Discussion ................................................................................................. 33 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 41 Chapter 3. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Horseweed in Ohio Soybean Production Fields from 2013 to 2017 ............................................................................. 57 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 57 Objectives.................................................................................................................. 59 Materials & Methods ................................................................................................. 59 Results & Discussion ................................................................................................. 62 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 107 Thesis Bibliography..................................................................................................... 109 vi List of Tables Table 2.1 ANOVA results of horseweed density measurements from Study I examining planting date and seeding rate of a rye cover crop and spring residual treatments. .......... 44 Table 2.2 ANOVA results of horseweed density measurements from Study II examining rye planting date and seeding rate of a rye cover crop and fall herbicide treatments. ...... 45 Table 2.3 Effect of rye seeding rate on horseweed density in Study I, averaged over rye planting date and spring residual herbicide level. ........................................................... 46 Table 2.4 Effect of rye seeding rate on horseweed density in Study II, averaged over planting date and fall herbicide treatments. .................................................................... 47 Table 2.5 Effect of spring preplant residual herbicide on horseweed density in Study I, averaged over rye planting date and seeding rate. .......................................................... 48 Table 2.6 Effect of fall herbicide treatment on horseweed density in Study II, averaged over rye planting date and seeding rate. ......................................................................... 49 Table 2.7 Effect of interaction between rye planting date and fall herbicide treatment on horseweed density in Study II, averaged over rye seeding rate. ...................................... 50 Table 2.8 ANOVA results of rye planting date, seeding rate, and date by rate interaction on rye biomass in both studies. ...................................................................................... 51 Table 2.9 Effect of rye planting date on fall and spring rye biomass averaged over seeding rate and herbicide treatment in both studies. ...................................................... 52 vii Table 2.10 Effect of rye seeding rate on fall and spring rye biomass averaged over planting date and herbicide treatment in both studies. .................................................... 53 Table 2.11 Effect of the planting date by seeding rate interaction on fall and spring rye biomass averaged over herbicide treatment in both studies............................................. 54 Table 3.1 Weed species with reported cases of resistance to herbicides and multiple herbicide sites of action in Ohio. .................................................................................... 68 Table 3.2 Overall frequency of weeds (all ratings) in soybean fields just prior to harvest – 2013 to 2017. ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ecology of Fleabane (Conyza Spp.)
    The ecology of fleabane (Conyza spp.) Todd Douglas Green B.LandMgmt(Ecological Agriculture) University of Sydney B.Sc (Hons) University of Newcastle A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of New England School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of Arts and Sciences University of New England October 2010 DECLARATION I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently being submitted for any other degree or qualification. I certify that any help received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis. Todd Douglas Green i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the Cotton Research Development Corporation (CRDC) and the Cotton Catchment Communities Co-operative Research Centre (Cotton CRC) for funding this research (Project #1.01.54) and thank these entities for offering me an opportunity to undertake a PhD. My supervisory team of Professor Brian Sindel, Dr Jeff Werth and Mr Graham Charles all played a role in getting my research completed and thesis submitted. I thank them all for supporting my journey over the past three years. I am grateful for the detailed reviews and editing by Professor Sindel, his encouragement, knowledge and understanding. I would like to thank Dr Jeff Werth for his promptness in feedback, knowledge and his encouragement. To Mr Graham Charles, I am fortunate to have access to his practical knowledge and thank him for his thorough reviews and encouragement. I would also like to thank general staff members of the University of New England who provided assistance to me personally and for practical elements of my research, namely, Dan Alter, Greg (‘Tractor’) Chamberlain, Mick Faint, George Henderson, Dave Edmonds and Elizabeth Davies.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Occurrence of Erigeron Sumatrensis (Asteraceae) in Georgia
    Nesom, G.L. 2018. Notes on the occurrence of Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) in Georgia. Phytoneuron 2018-66: 1–5. Published 1 October 2018. ISSN 2153 733X NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ERIGERON SUMATRENSIS (ASTERACEAE) IN GEORGIA GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109 [email protected] ABSTRACT A survey for Erigeron sumatrensis in central Georgia indicates that it is densely distributed on the the coastal plain there, suggesting that its occurrence may be similar from South Carolina to Louisiana. Vouchers and a distribution map for the Georgia records are provided. A recent study (Nesom 2018) documented the occurrence of Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. across the southeastern USA (Fig. 1). Current herbarium collections suggest that it is common in coastal counties but sporadic in more inland areas. The present report indicates that the species probably is more densely distributed through the coastal plain from South Carolina to Louisiana. On 9-10 September, 2018, I surveyed a broad loop in central Georgia and added 14 county records to the distribution of Erigeron sumatrensis . Figure 2 shows the more geographically saturated distribution the species has attained there. The tall columnar habit (characteristically 4-6 feet tall) of Erigeron sumatrensis makes it conspicuous (Figs. 3-5). In central Georgia I found it along roadsides and fencerows and at edges of cultivated and fallow fields. It is local in occurrence, usually as only 1 or a few plants (but sometimes up to 10-15 in a cluster), often growing with more abundant and continuously distributed E. canadensis . Erigeron sumatrensis in September is at the end of its growing season and mostly in fruit, while many plants of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents from Erigeron Bonariensis L. and Their Chemotaxonomic Importance
    SHORT REPORT Rec. Nat. Prod . 6:4 (2012) 376-380 Chemical Constituents from Erigeron bonariensis L. and their Chemotaxonomic Importance Aqib Zahoor 1,4 , Hidayat Hussain *1,2 , Afsar Khan 3, Ishtiaq Ahmed 1, Viqar Uddin Ahmad 4 and Karsten Krohn 1 1Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany 2Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman 3Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan. 4H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. (Received September 11, 2011; Revised May 9, 2012 Accepted June 15, 2012) Abstract: The study of the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Erigeron bonariensis (L.) has resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new and nine known compounds. The known compounds were identified as stigmasterol (1), freideline ( 2), 1,3-dihydroxy-3R,5 R-dicaffeoyloxy cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester ( 3), 1R,3 R-dihydroxy- 4S,5 R-dicaffeoyloxycyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester ( 4), quercitrin ( 5), caffeic acid ( 6), 3-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxycarbonylethyl ester (8), benzyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and 2-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 10 ). The aromatic glycoside, erigoside G ( 7) is reported as new natural compound. The above compounds were individually identified by spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with reported data. The chemotaxonomic studies of isolated compounds have been discussed. Keywords: Erigeron bonariensis ; natural products; chemotaxonomic studies. 1.Plant Source Erigeron bonariensis (L.) is locally called “gulava” or “mrich booti” and is traditionally used in urine problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Oil Compositions of Three Invasive Conyza Species Collected in Vietnam and Their Larvicidal Activities Against Aedes A
    molecules Article Essential Oil Compositions of Three Invasive Conyza Species Collected in Vietnam and Their Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Tran Minh Hoi 1, Le Thi Huong 2 , Hoang Van Chinh 3, Dang Viet Hau 4, Prabodh Satyal 5, Thieu Anh Tai 6, Do Ngoc Dai 7,8 , Nguyen Huy Hung 6,9,* , Vu Thi Hien 10 and William N Setzer 5,11,* 1 Department of Plant Resources, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; [email protected] 2 School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 43000, Vietnam; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hong Duc University, 365 Quang Trung, Thanh Hoa 440000, Vietnam; [email protected] 4 Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; [email protected] 5 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; [email protected] 7 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam; [email protected] 8 Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, 51-Ly Tu Trong, Vinh City 460000, Vietnam 9 Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
    [Show full text]
  • Open-Pollinated Transfer of Glyphosate Resistance in Horseweed (Conyza Canadensis) in Greenhouse Isolation Ryan S
    Open-Pollinated Transfer of Glyphosate Resistance in Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Greenhouse Isolation Ryan S. Henry, Vince M. Davis, William G. Johnson Department of Botanyygy,y and Plant Pathology, Purdue University Introduction Results Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) has become a problematic weed in crop production fields across the United States. The fraction of the population that is resistant to the herbicide glyphosate continues to increase each year. In Indiana, farmers have ranked horseweed as a top-five problematic weed, and a field survey found 38% of the population of horseweed to be glyphosate-resistant (GR) in southeastern Indiana. A single- locus, nuclear encoded gene confers glyphosate resistance (Zelaya et al. 2004). Horseweed primarily self pollinates, but nuclear encoded paraquat resistance out-crosses at Figure 1. GR and GS F horseweed progeny 35 DAT -1 1 Figure 2. GR and GS F2 horseweed progeny 28 DAT with 0.84 kg ae ha approximately 4% under field conditions (Smisek 1995). The with 0.84 kg ae ha-1 glyphosate. glyphosate, and example of green value analysis with ImageJ software. transfer of glyphosate resistance via pollen as a mechanism of gene flow, in addition to long distance seed movement, is -1 Table 1 Response of first (F1) and second (F2) generation horseweed progeny to 0.84 kg ae ha glyphosate for open troubling because it could aid in the evolution of multiple and manually cross pollinated horseweed. Green pixel value was determined by digital image analysis program. resistance. Horseweed Glyphosate- Glyphosate- Biotypes resistant susceptible Objective Cross Green Green The objective of this experiment was to quantify the potential for pollination pixel Std.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic Studies on Alien Invasive Conyza Canadensis L. in Kashmir Himalaya
    Demographic studies on Alien invasive Conyza canadensis L. in Kashmir Himalaya Shah Showkat Ahmad and Reshi Zafar Ahmad Department of Botany University of Kashmir 190006, J&K ABSTRACT Conyza canadensis is an invasive weed of increasing importance in subtropical and warm-temperate regions worldwide, both in non-agricultural habitats and in annual and perennial crops. To gain insights on basic life cycle processes determining the demographic success of C. canadensis, we studied for this species during two season’s seedling emergence patterns, survival to the adult stage and fecundity in a Kashmir Himalaya habitat in which C. canadensis was a component of the plant community. Present study reveals the demography of alien invasive Conyza canadensis. During the present study it was observed that large seedling recruitment occurs in autumn season and small seedling recruitment occurs in summer season. The species is transient colonizer as the population was not stable in time and space. During the present study it was also observed that after the emergence of seedlings mostly they remain in rosette form and starts getting elongated from spring season. Survivorship curve in Conyza canadensis resembled Deevey III type indicates highest mortality during the seedling stage. The bolting starts to occur in late spring and flowering occurs in late summer. The life history component like fecundity is contributed by the large seedling recruitment of autumn season while survival of species occurs by the small seedling recruitment of spring season. Key Words: Conyza canadensis, demography, Kashmir Himalaya, Asteraceae, mortality, population turnover. I INTRODUCTION Plant invasions dramatically affect the distribution, abundance and reproduction of many native species (Sala et al., 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • 4 5.2020 Turnip News.Pub
    April/May 2020 Turnip News Master Gardeners Prince William Editors: Maria Dunbar Stewart Jason Alexander Inside this issue: Stay-at-Home Toolkit 3 MG President’s Message The Teaching Garden 4-5 In normal times, April is one of my favorite times of the year. Marestail: 6-8 Everything is starting to grow and I feel like winter is over. I A Farmer’s Challenge hope this finds everybody safe and looking forward to happier VMGA Report 9 times in the not too distant future. Our daffodils are pretty Audubon At Home Update 10 much in the end stages at this point but were great for several A Moment in the Garden 11 weeks early on. The Viburnum juddi is just starting to bloom and will be in full bloom in about one week. Behind it, covering the porch rail is a large American Wisteria that is just starting to bud. They will bloom one after the other. I start with the spring blooms because it brings joy to my heart and I think many Master Gar- deners feel the same way. Enjoy the pleasures that your gardens can bring to you all thru the year. It is such a sad time we are in. photo byby DavidDavid Robison Robison Turnip News My son is an ER doctor in the Bronx and we talk every day. It is bad up in NYC and getting worse every day. I hope and pray for him and all the folks working in the hospitals in NYC and else- where, first responders, and patients everywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Carduus Pycnocephalus L
    Conyza 1 Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae) Flax-leaved Fleabane, Hairy Fleabane Description. Annual herbs, from stout taproots. Stems 10-100 cm tall, stiffly erect, moderately pubescent, the lateral branches elongated, sometimes overtopping the central axis. Leaves alternate, 5-10 cm long, cauline, oblanceolate to linear or oblong, short-petioled or tapered at the base, sparsely to moderately pubescent. Heads arranged in a panicle, leafy near the base, the involucre 4-6 mm long, the phyllaries imbricated, glabrous to short-pubescent, narrowly lanceolate to linear-oblong. Flowers mostly tubular, pistillate, the outer series pistillate, 70-200 per head. Pappus composed of capillary bristles, tan to reddish tinged. Fruit an achene, 1-1.5 mm long. In California, flowering from April to November. (Barkley 1986, Cronquist 1943, 1976, Fernald 1950, Ferris 1960, Keil 1993, Munz 1959). The closely related species, C. canadensis (horseweed), differs by having a shorter involucre (3-4 mm long) composed of nearly glabrous phyllaries, having only 25-40 pistillate flowers per head, and with ligulate marginal flowers. Lateral inflorescences do not exceed the length of the uppermost one. Conyza canadensis shows geographic variation throughout North America; variation in California suggests that more than one geographical race may be present. Plants with pubescent stems and leaves are referrable to var. canadensis; plants with almost glabrous stems and leaves are referrable to var. glabrata (A.Gray) Cronquist (Cronquist 1943, 1994, Fernald 1950). Geographic distribution. Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis are generally believed native to South America and eastern North America respectively (Cronquist 1994, Clapham et al. 1962, Guillerm et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Latvian Herbal Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Parasite Infections of Small Ruminants: a Review
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 REVIEW ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/June-2021/18.pdf Open Access Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review Alīna Kļaviņa1 , Dace Keidāne1 , Renāte Šukele2,3 , Dace Bandere2,4 and Līga Kovaļčuka5 1. Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia; 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; 3. Department of Pharmacy, Red Cross Medical College of Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; 4. Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia; 5. Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia. Corresponding author: Līga Kovaļčuka, email: [email protected] Co-authors: AK: [email protected], DK: [email protected], RŠ: [email protected], DB: [email protected] Received: 04-02-2021, Accepted: 27-04-2021, Published online: 17-06-2021 doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1548-1558 How to cite this article: Kļaviņa A, Keidāne D, Šukele R, Bandere D, Kovaļčuka L (2021) Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review , Veterinary World, 14(6): 1548-1558. Abstract Numerous treatment agents offering prophylaxis against livestock parasites are commercially available. However, because of increasing antiparasitic drug resistance, the increased popularity of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices, and organic farming, there is more demand for new alternatives to livestock anthelmintic control strategies and medications.
    [Show full text]
  • SYN: CONYZA CANADENSIS) Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi Qar University, Iraq
    IAJPS 2017, 4 (02), 248-256 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN (USA): IAJPB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.344930 Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article PHARMACOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF ERIGERON CANADENSIS (SYN: CONYZA CANADENSIS) Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Received: 10 February 2016 Accepted: 25 February 2017 Published: 28 February 2017 Abstract: Phytochemical studies revealed that Erigeron canadensis (syn. Conyza canadensis) contained saponins, diterpenoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannin, anthraquinone, steroids and flavonoids. Pharmacological studies showed that Erigeron canadensis exerted antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, mutagenic gastric protective effect and skin depigmentation activity. The current review discussed the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Erigeron canadensis. Keywords: Erigeron canadensis, Conyza canadensis, contents, pharmacology Corresponding author: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, QR code Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press as Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Erigeron Canadensis, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(02). www.iajps.com Page 248 IAJPS 2017, 4 (02), 248-256 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: vergerette du Canada; German: kanadisches
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Fitness Due to Higher Fecundity, Increased Defence Against a Specialist and Tolerance Towards a Generalist Herbivore in an Invasive Annual Plant
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity, increased defence against a specialist and tolerance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant Abhilasha, D ; Joshi, J Abstract: Aims: The superior performance of many non-indigenous species in a new range can be attributed to different factors such as pre-adaptation to environmental conditions in new areasorto factors inherent to displacement mechanisms such as loss of co-evolved pathogens and herbivores that increase the speed of evolutionary change towards a shift in allocation from defence to growth and reproduction. To assess the importance of the different mechanisms governing the success of Conyza canadensis, a globally successful invader, we simultaneously tested several recent hypotheses potentially explaining the factors leading to biological invasion. Methods: We tested (i) whether plants from the non-native range showed a higher fitness than plants from the native North American range, (ii) whether they differed in resistance against an invasive generalist herbivore, the slug Arion lusitanicus andagainst a recently established specialist aphid herbivore, Uroleucon erigeronense and (iii) experimentally assessed whether C. canadensis releases allelopathic chemicals that have harmful effects on competing species in the non-native range. We compared populations along a similar latitudinal gradient both in the native North American and invasive European range and analysed patterns of adaptive clinal variation in biomass production. Important Findings: The invasion success of C. canadensis in Europe cannot be attributed to a single trait, but to a combination of factors.
    [Show full text]
  • E. Kozuharova, I. Ionkova & F. M. Raimondo Invasive Alien Species
    Article Fl. Medit. 29: 13-25 https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit29.013 Version of Record published online on 26 February 2019 E. Kozuharova, I. Ionkova & F. M. Raimondo Invasive alien species: potential cheap resources of plant substances for medicinal use* Abstract Kozuharova, E., Ionkova, I. & Raimondo, F. M.: Invasive alien species: potential cheap resources of plant substances for medicinal use. — Fl. Medit. 29: 13-25. 2019. — ISSN: 1120- 4052 printed, 2240-4538 online. On the basis of the literature examined, the scientific acquisitions concerning the pharmacolog- ical properties and medicinal uses of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Erigeron canadensis – two American vascular plants of Asteraceae family that have become invasive in Europe and others continents – are collected and discussed. The data reveal the potential of the invasive as cheap sources of compounds with valuable pharmacological activities. In addition to the two plants presented as a case study, there are hundreds of plant species at hand as potential assets to explore and make money. Key words: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Erigeron canadensis, Asteraceae, biologically active com- pounds, pharmacological activity, management, ecosystem services. Introduction Some alien plant species have high tolerance of various habitat conditions and elevated propagation ability. This promotes their aggressive invasive behaviour. Often they over compete the local vegetation. Additionally many of them suppress the seed germination and seedling development of local plants. In the newly invaded habitats they might not have suitable herbivores to control their populations (DAISIE 2009). The only effective enemy might be Homo sapiens. Humans are known with their destructive power once an object has become significant for industrial utilization.
    [Show full text]