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THE ELECTION of 1912 Library of Congress of Library
Bill of Rights Constitutional Rights in Action Foundation SPRING 2016 Volume 31 No 3 THE ELECTION OF 1912 Library of Congress of Library The four candidates in the 1912 election, from L to R: William H. Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Eugene V. Debs, and Woodrow Wilson. The 1912 presidential election was a race between four leaders Not surprisingly, the 1912 presidential election be- who each found it necessary to distinguish their own brand of came a contest over progressive principles. Theodore progressive reform. The election and its outcome had far reach- Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, and ing social, economic, and political consequences for the nation. Eugene Debs campaigned to convince the electorate Rapid industrialization in the 19th century led to a that their vision for change would lead America into a variety of American economic and social problems. new age of progress and prosperity. Among them were child labor; urban poverty; bribery and political corruption; unsafe factories and indus- Roosevelt, Taft, and the Republican Party tries; and jobs with low wages and long hours. Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) committed him- Beginning as a social movement, progressivism self early in life to public service and progressive re- was an ideology (set of beliefs) aimed at addressing in- forms. After attending Harvard University and a year at dustrialism’s problems. It focused on protecting the Columbia Law School, Roosevelt was elected to the people from excessive power of private corporations. New York State Assembly. He subsequently served in a Progressives emphasized a strong role for government number of official posts, including the United States Civil to remedy social and economic ills by exposing cor- Service Commission, president of the board of New York ruption and regulating big business. -
When Diplomats Fail: Aostrian and Rossian Reporting from Belgrade, 1914
WHEN DIPLOMATS FAIL: AOSTRIAN AND ROSSIAN REPORTING FROM BELGRADE, 1914 Barbara Jelavich The mountain of books written on the origins of the First World War have produced no agreement on the basic causes of this European tragedy. Their division of opinion reflects the situation that existed in June and July 1914, when the principal statesmen involved judged the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg throne, and its consequences from radically different perspectives. Their basic misunderstanding of the interests and viewpoints 'of the opposing sides contributed strongly to the initiation of hostilities. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of diplomatic reporting, particularly in the century before 1914 when ambassadors were men of influence and when their dispatches were read by those who made the final decisions in foreign policy. European diplomats often held strong opinions and were sometimes influenced by passions and. prejudices, but nevertheless throughout the century their activities contributed to assuring that this period would, with obvious exceptions, be an era of peace in continental affairs. In major crises the crucial decisions are always made by a very limited number of people no matter what the political system. Usually a head of state -- whether king, emperor, dictator, or president, together with those whom he chooses to consult, or a strong political leader with his advisers- -decides on the course of action. Obviously, in times of international tension these men need accurate information not only from their military staffs on the state of their and their opponent's armed forces and the strategic position of the country, but also expert reporting from their representatives abroad on the exact issues at stake and the attitudes of the other governments, including their immediate concerns and their historical background. -
1913 Annual Census Report
ANNUAL REPORT FFP" q $a33 OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS TO THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1913 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 1913 REPORT OR TIIE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. DEPARTAZENIOF COMI\IERCE, BUREAUOF TIIE CENSUS, Washiny/ton,November $6, 1913. Sm: There is submitted hercvith the following report upon the operations of the Bureau of the Census cluriizg the fiscal year endecl Sune 30, 1913, and upon the work now in progress. 'As I did not take the oath of office luiztil July 1, 1913, the work of this Burean during tlie entire fiscal year 1913 was uncler the clzarge of my prede- cessor, Director E. Dana Durand. A very considerable part of the Bureau's force was engaged during the,fiscal year upon the clefeisrccl ~vorlcof the Thirteentlz Decennial Cens~zs,but the usual aiznnal investigations regarding financial sta- tistics of cities, prod~~ctionand cons~unptionof cotton, vital statis- tics, nncl forest mere carried on, and in addition ~vor17I was done on the tobacco inquiyy (n~xthorizedby acl; of Congress approvecl Apr. 30, 1012) and the qu~nquennialcensus of electrical industries. PROGRESS OF DEFERRED THIRTEENTH CENSUS WORK. POPULATION. The Division of Population was engaged during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, wholly on work m connection with the Thir- teentli Censrrs. This work coizzprised, first, the preparation and, in large part, the coi1113letion of the text and tables for the general and State rclsorts on population (Vols. I, 11, and I11 of tlze Thirteenth Census reports), and second, the practical completion of the machine tabulation and other work l~recediiigthe actual preparation of the tables for the occ~~pationreport (Vol. -
The Diplomatic Battle for the United States, 1914-1917
ACQUIRING AMERICA: THE DIPLOMATIC BATTLE FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1914-1917 Presented to The Division of History The University of Sheffield Fulfilment of the requirements for PhD by Justin Quinn Olmstead January 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 1: Pre-War Diplomacy 29 A Latent Animosity: German-American Relations 33 Britain and the U.S.: The Intimacy of Attraction and Repulsion 38 Rapprochement a la Kaiser Wilhelm 11 45 The Set Up 52 Advancing British Interests 55 Conclusion 59 2: The United States and Britain's Blockade 63 Neutrality and the Declaration of London 65 The Order in Council of 20 August 1914 73 Freedom of the Seas 83 Conclusion 92 3: The Diplomacy of U-Boat Warfare 94 The Chancellor's Challenge 96 The Chancellor's Decision 99 The President's Protest 111 The Belligerent's Responses 116 First Contact: The Impact of U-Boat Warfare 119 Conclusion 134 4: Diplomatic Acquisition via Mexico 137 Entering the Fray 140 Punitive Measures 145 Zimmerman's Gamble 155 Conclusion 159 5: The Peace Option 163 Posturing for Peace: 1914-1915 169 The House-Grey Memorandum 183 The German Peace Offer of 1916 193 Conclusion 197 6: Conclusion 200 Bibliography 227 Introduction Shortly after war was declared in August 1914 the undisputed leaders of each alliance, Great Britain and Gennany, found they were unable to win the war outright and began searching for further means to secure victory; the fonnation of a blockade, the use of submarines, attacking the flanks (Allied attacks in the Balkans and Baltic), Gennan Zeppelin bombardment of British coastal towns, and the diplomatic search for additional allies in an attempt to break the stalemate that had ensued soon after fighting had commenced. -
The Gavelyte, May 1912
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville The aG velyte 5-1912 The aG velyte, May 1912 Cedarville College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/gavelyte Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the Organizational Communication Commons Recommended Citation Cedarville College, "The aG velyte, May 1912" (1912). The Gavelyte. 49. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/gavelyte/49 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aG velyte by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Gavelyte VOL. VI. MAY, 1912. NO. 14 ATHLETICS. BASKET BALL RECORD FO R S~:ASON 1911-1::3. AT HOi\JE . Dec. 1, Cedarville College ... ......... 66 Ced. All Stars ......... .. ................. ..... 17 Dec. -, " ........ .. 23 Shownee .......... ............... ..... ............ 28 Dec. 20, " " ,, .... ..... .. 3± Carlisle A . C. (extra period) .. ... ....... 86 Jan. 6, " .. ........ .. 17 Ohio Medies .............. .......... ........... 16 Jan. 26, " " .. .......... 43 Findlay .............................................. 52 Feb. 1, " " .. ..... , .... 46 Wilmington (two extra periods) ..... 47 Feb. 14, " .. .... ..... 34 Muskingum ................. :.................. ...... 22 Feb. ~3, " " . .......... 26 Midway Col ............................... .. ..... 34 Mar. 5, " " .. ........ 39 Xenia Criterions ................. -
Jewish Peeiodicals
414 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK JEWISH PEEIODICALS APPEARING IN THE UNITED STATES JULY 1, 1912, TO JUNE 30, 1913 [An asterisk (*) placed before the name of a periodical in the following list indicates that the Editor of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK has not been able to secure a copy of the publication issued during 5673, or information from its publisher.] ALLIANCE CITIZEN. Monthly. Baltimore, Md. First issue Decem- ber, 1912. Organ of Jewish Educational Alliance. AMERICAN CITIZEN. Monthly. New York City. Est. 1912. THE AMERICAN HEBREW AND JEWISH MESSENGER. Weekly. New York City. Est. 1879. THE AMERICAN ISRAELITE. Weekly. Cincinnati, 0. Est. 1854. See also THE CHICAGO ISRAELITE. DEE AMERIKANEE. Yiddish. Weekly. New York City. Est. 1904. * ARGUS. Monthly. Scranton, Pa. Est. 1910. Organ Young Men's Hebrew Association. THE ARK. Monthly. Cincinnati, O. Est. 1911. Formerly " Young Israel." THE ASSOCIATE NEWS. Monthly. St. Louis, Mo. First issue May, 1913. Formerly " The Crucible." ATHENEUM. Semi-monthly. New Orleans, La. Est. 1902. Formerly " Young Men's Hebrew Association Magazine." Organ of Young Men's Hebrew Association. BANNER. Monthly. Paterson, N. J. First issue January, 1913. BOSTON BLATT. Yiddish. Weekly. Boston, Mass. B'NAI B'RITH MESSENGER. Weekly. Los Angeles, Calif. Est. 1898. B'NAI B'EITH NEWS. Monthly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1908. JEWISH PERIODICALS 415 BOSTON JEWISH AMERICAN. Yiddish. Weekly. Boston, Mass. Est. 1908. BRONX-HAELEM PRESS. Yiddish. Weekly. New York City. First issue March 9, 1913. BROWNSVILLE POST. Yiddish. Weekly. Brooklyn, N. Y. Est. 1910. CALIFORNIA JEWISH VOICE. Yiddish. Weekly. San Francisco, Calif. First issue October 11, 1912. THE CHICAGO ISRAELITE. -
Microfilm Publication M617, Returns from U.S
Publication Number: M-617 Publication Title: Returns from U.S. Military Posts, 1800-1916 Date Published: 1968 RETURNS FROM U.S. MILITARY POSTS, 1800-1916 On the 1550 rolls of this microfilm publication, M617, are reproduced returns from U.S. military posts from the early 1800's to 1916, with a few returns extending through 1917. Most of the returns are part of Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant General's Office; the remainder is part of Record Group 393, Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920, and Record Group 395, Records of United States Army Overseas Operations and Commands, 1898-1942. The commanding officer of every post, as well ad commanders of all other bodies of troops such as department, division, brigade, regiment, or detachment, was required by Army Regulations to submit a return (a type of personnel report) to The Adjutant General at specified intervals, usually monthly, on forms provided by that office. Several additions and modifications were made in the form over the years, but basically it was designed to show the units that were stationed at a particular post and their strength, the names and duties of the officers, the number of officers present and absent, a listing of official communications received, and a record of events. In the early 19th century the form used for the post return usually was the same as the one used for regimental or organizational returns. Printed forms were issued by the Adjutant General’s Office, but more commonly used were manuscript forms patterned after the printed forms. -
The War and Fashion
F a s h i o n , S o c i e t y , a n d t h e First World War i ii Fashion, Society, and the First World War International Perspectives E d i t e d b y M a u d e B a s s - K r u e g e r , H a y l e y E d w a r d s - D u j a r d i n , a n d S o p h i e K u r k d j i a n iii BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2021 Selection, editorial matter, Introduction © Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian, 2021 Individual chapters © their Authors, 2021 Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgments on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design by Adriana Brioso Cover image: Two women wearing a Poiret military coat, c.1915. Postcard from authors’ personal collection. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book. -
Notes on the Bird Life of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
138 THE WILSON BULLETIN-September, 1923 ington. Salvadori (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVII, 1895, p. 35) records a specimen in the British Museum, said to ’ have been col- lected on the Snake River, Washington, in September. Coale (Auk, XxX11, 1935, p. 87) reports a mounted specimen in the collection of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, shot on the Co- lumbia River, three miles west of Portland, Oregon, April S, 1881. D. E. Brown of Seattle kindly sends me the data on an- other Trumpeter Swan, which was shot by a hunter during the winter of 1906 at Nisqually, at the south end of luget’ Sound, Washington. The specimen was taken to a taxidermy shop to be mounted,‘ but was never called for, and was later given to Brown, in whose collection it now is. The measurements of this example are as follows : eye to back of nostril, 72 mm.; eye to tip of bill, 146; wing, 647. On or about November 9, 1912, a Trumpeter Swan was shot at Moses Lake (Bowles, Condor, XVIII, 1916, p. 171) ; the specimen was mounted by Fred Ed- wards of Tacoma, and is now in the collection of George Willett. This example was in immature plumage. In conclusion it may be noted that in spite of the former occurrence of the Trumpeter Swan in Washingtoa, in all probability in some abundance, there has been no recorded instance of its appearance in the State for more than ten years. NOTES ON THE BIRD LIFE OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA THOMAS D. BURLEIGH (Continued from the June Issue) BLACK-THROATED BLUE Wmmm-Dendroica caerulescens caerulesceus. -
Month Calendar 1913 & Holidays 1913
January 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 1 New Year's Day 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 4 Martin Luther King Day 26 27 28 29 30 31 5 January 1913 Calendar February 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 Mardi Gras Carnival 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Lincoln's Birthday Valentine's Day 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 8 Presidents Day and Washington's Birthday 23 24 25 26 27 28 9 February 1913 Calendar March 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11 Daylight Saving 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 12 St. Patrick's Day Good Friday 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 13 Easter Easter Monday 30 31 14 March 1913 Calendar April 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 14 April Fool's Day 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 27 28 29 30 18 April 1913 Calendar May 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 18 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 19 Cinco de Mayo 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 Pentecost Mother's Day Pentecost Monday Armed Forces Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 21 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 22 Memorial Day May 1913 Calendar June 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 23 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 24 Flag Day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 25 Father's Day 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 26 29 30 27 June 1913 Calendar July 1913 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 27 Independence Day 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 28 13 14 15 16 17 18 -
MAY 1913 Ten Cents New Review A-MONTHLY-REVIEW-OF-INTERNATIONAL-S OCIALISM
MAY 1913 Ten Cents New Review A-MONTHLY-REVIEW-OF-INTERNATIONAL-S OCIALISM CONTENTS Tariff-Revision And After .... The Seventeenth Amendment .... The General Strike in Belgium H. S. Factory Reforms ; Atram I. situs The White Man's Burden w. E. Hardenburg Haywood Andre Tridon State Socialism and the Individual Wm. English Walling France and Proportional Representation . Paul Louis Concerning Historical Materialism (Concluded) IV. The Natural and the Artificial Environment . Paul Lafargue Industrial Unionism and Syndicalism Robert Rives La Monte The White Birch Grove Eliot White As Its Scent to the Heart of the Rose Louise w. Kneeiand The Novels of Albert Edwards Andre Tridon Justice Robert Carlton Brown Brothers Louise W. Kneeiand Book Notice. Shall We Recall the Recall? Ernest D. Hull 150 Nassau Street New York MAISEL'S BOOK STORE HALF A MAN A worthy collection of thousands of good books brought together by a A Study of the Negro in New York good deal of zeal and knowledge. BY Many real bargains. Here is one: MARY W. OVINGTON The International Science'Library Foreword by Prof. FRANZ BOAS New, 16 vols., cloth bound, published from Apple- ton plates, at $24.00. Each volume contains from This book deals chiefly with the 400 to 500 pases. The set consists of the following works : Negro's economic status in New Darwin, Descent of Man. York. It shows his shifting position, " Origin of Species. 2 vols. Review Haeckel, Evolution of Man. 2 vols. at one time, a man; at another a Huxley, Education and Science. despised servant. The last chapters " Man's Place in Nature. -
Mountain Snowfall Measurements
JANUARY, 1913. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 159 Frewo, Cal.: No unuwal phenomenon of this charact.er was observed 12. He states t,hat since two photographic-photometric until after November 10, 1912. On this date a very good general rain exposures on the constellation Coma Berenices, one on June occurred and cleared the atmosphere of the dust. which gives it a very hazy a pearance during the dry season. Duriiig tlie remainder of 12, of SO minutes, ancl the other on June 19, of 90 minutes, Novernger a number of very beautiful su1iset.s were observed. which failed to show stnrs revealed by an exposure of an hour differed from the usual phenonienon in that t.he brilliant. c:oloriiigs were on June 3, the disturbance in the atmosphere may have more widely and more evenly diffused than is conmion. Approxi- had its commencement between June 6 and 12. He mately 120° of the western horizon was colored, the hues reaching well t,oward t,he zenith aiid continuing with a brilliaiice more or less notice- estimated the decrease in atmospheric transmissibility at able for fully an hour after sunset. The dur:tt.ion was :tu especinl from 10 to 15 per cent. feature of the phenomenon. The reds were most conspicuous. but Observations from high Alpine peaks and from bal- other colors in that portion of the spectrum. t.he yellows aiid oranges, loons indicate that the haze was confined to great eared first in order, were not much less so. whichSanta e, N. Mex., December 29, 1912: The sunset glow this evening heights.