Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick
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ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW OF THE SHEDIAC BAY WATERSHED IN NEW BRUNSWICK C. LeBlanc, A. Turcotte-Lanteigne, D. Audet & E. Ferguson Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Oceans and Science Branch Gulf Region P.O. Box 5030 Moncton NB E1C 9B6 2009 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2863 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. 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Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. 2 Canadian Manuscript Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2863 2009 Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick LeBlanc, C., Turcotte-Lanteigne, A., Audet D. & Ferguson E. Oceans and Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada P.O Box 5030 Moncton NB E1C 9B6 Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in N.B. i Printed on recycled paper Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2009 Cat. No. Fs 97-4 /2863E ISSN 0706-6473 This research project was subsidized by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans and Science Branch. Correct citation for this publication: LeBlanc, C., Turcotte-Lanteigne A., Audet D. & Ferguson E. 2009. Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2863, x + 123 p. ii PROJECT TEAM Shediac Bay Watershed Association Author: Carole LeBlanc Scientific authority: Dominique Audet Advisor and Editor Lise Auffrey-Arsenault *Photographs provided by the Shediac Bay Watershed Association Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Tracadie-Sheila, NB Area Office Project coordinator and digital mapping: Anne Turcotte-Lanteigne Scientific Authority: Ernest Ferguson Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, Gulf Fisheries Centre Scientific Authority: John Legault Scientific Authority: Sophie Bastien-Daigle Digital mapping resource person: Brad Firth ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to all persons who have contributed time and information to this report. A special thank you to the staff of the Shediac Bay Watershed Association for contributing to this report. Their collaboration was essential in making it a valuable tool for the management of their watershed. Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in N.B. iii PREFACE Under Canada’s Action Plan for Oceans (2005), the Oceans and Habitat Division of the DFO Gulf Region is facilitating the development of ecosystem overview reports (EORs) at the community coastal management area level. Local watershed / community groups are collaborating in the production of their respective ecosystem overview report. Several of these reports have been developed for coastal ecosystems located in the southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence. These overviews will serve as baseline tools for the integrated management process of these coastal zones. The present document is part of a series of reports produced to this effect. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT TEAM ……………………………………………...…………………………….……..………... III PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………...……………………………………….…………..………………. V LIST OF TABLES ……………………..……………………………………….…….…….…….…………. VII LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………….………………..………………....….……….VIII ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………...…….…….………..….………… X RÉSUMÉ …….……….………..……………………………………………..…....………………….. X 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 1.1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Purpose of the report ....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2. Geographic area ...........................................................................................................................2 1.2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................5 2. PHYSICAL SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................6 2.1. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY..........................................................................................6 2.1.1. General formation.........................................................................................................................6 2.1.2. Topography and bathymetry .........................................................................................................8 2.1.3. Coastal landscape .......................................................................................................................10 2.2. ATMOSPHERIC COMPONENTS..................................................................................................10 2.2.1. Air quality ...................................................................................................................................10 2.2.2. Climate and seasonal particularities ..........................................................................................10 2.3. AQUATIC COMPONENT..............................................................................................................12 2.3.1. Hydrography and watersheds .....................................................................................................12 2.3.2. Physical characteristics ..............................................................................................................14 2.3.3. Physical-chemical properties of the water..................................................................................14 3. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS .....................................................................................................................19 3.1. NATURAL HABITATS..................................................................................................................19 3.1.1. Terrestrial habitats......................................................................................................................19 3.1.2. Wetlands......................................................................................................................................21 3.1.3. Aquatic habitats ..........................................................................................................................24 3.2. TERRESTRIAL BIOTIC COMPONENTS .....................................................................................26 3.2.1. Forest, wetland and coastal flora................................................................................................26 3.2.2. Terrestrial Fauna........................................................................................................................27