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Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick

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ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW OF THE SHEDIAC BAY WATERSHED IN NEW BRUNSWICK C. LeBlanc, A. Turcotte-Lanteigne, D. Audet & E. Ferguson Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Oceans and Science Branch Gulf Region P.O. Box 5030 Moncton NB E1C 9B6 2009 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2863 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 1426 - 1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 1551. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problèmes nationaux ou régionaux. La distribution en est limitée aux organismes et aux personnes de régions particulières du Canada. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 900 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et après le changement de la désignation de cet organisme par décret du Parlement, en 1937, ont été classés comme Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 901 à 1425 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 1426 à 1550 sont parus à titre de Rapports manuscrits du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. 2 Canadian Manuscript Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2863 2009 Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick LeBlanc, C., Turcotte-Lanteigne, A., Audet D. & Ferguson E. Oceans and Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada P.O Box 5030 Moncton NB E1C 9B6 Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in N.B. i Printed on recycled paper Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2009 Cat. No. Fs 97-4 /2863E ISSN 0706-6473 This research project was subsidized by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans and Science Branch. Correct citation for this publication: LeBlanc, C., Turcotte-Lanteigne A., Audet D. & Ferguson E. 2009. Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in New Brunswick. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2863, x + 123 p. ii PROJECT TEAM Shediac Bay Watershed Association Author: Carole LeBlanc Scientific authority: Dominique Audet Advisor and Editor Lise Auffrey-Arsenault *Photographs provided by the Shediac Bay Watershed Association Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Tracadie-Sheila, NB Area Office Project coordinator and digital mapping: Anne Turcotte-Lanteigne Scientific Authority: Ernest Ferguson Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, Gulf Fisheries Centre Scientific Authority: John Legault Scientific Authority: Sophie Bastien-Daigle Digital mapping resource person: Brad Firth ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to all persons who have contributed time and information to this report. A special thank you to the staff of the Shediac Bay Watershed Association for contributing to this report. Their collaboration was essential in making it a valuable tool for the management of their watershed. Ecosystem Overview of the Shediac Bay Watershed in N.B. iii PREFACE Under Canada’s Action Plan for Oceans (2005), the Oceans and Habitat Division of the DFO Gulf Region is facilitating the development of ecosystem overview reports (EORs) at the community coastal management area level. Local watershed / community groups are collaborating in the production of their respective ecosystem overview report. Several of these reports have been developed for coastal ecosystems located in the southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence. These overviews will serve as baseline tools for the integrated management process of these coastal zones. The present document is part of a series of reports produced to this effect. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT TEAM ……………………………………………...…………………………….……..………... III PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………...……………………………………….…………..………………. V LIST OF TABLES ……………………..……………………………………….…….…….…….…………. VII LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………….………………..………………....….……….VIII ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………...…….…….………..….………… X RÉSUMÉ …….……….………..……………………………………………..…....………………….. X 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 1.1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Purpose of the report ....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2. Geographic area ...........................................................................................................................2 1.2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................5 2. PHYSICAL SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................6 2.1. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY..........................................................................................6 2.1.1. General formation.........................................................................................................................6 2.1.2. Topography and bathymetry .........................................................................................................8 2.1.3. Coastal landscape .......................................................................................................................10 2.2. ATMOSPHERIC COMPONENTS..................................................................................................10 2.2.1. Air quality ...................................................................................................................................10 2.2.2. Climate and seasonal particularities ..........................................................................................10 2.3. AQUATIC COMPONENT..............................................................................................................12 2.3.1. Hydrography and watersheds .....................................................................................................12 2.3.2. Physical characteristics ..............................................................................................................14 2.3.3. Physical-chemical properties of the water..................................................................................14 3. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS .....................................................................................................................19 3.1. NATURAL HABITATS..................................................................................................................19 3.1.1. Terrestrial habitats......................................................................................................................19 3.1.2. Wetlands......................................................................................................................................21 3.1.3. Aquatic habitats ..........................................................................................................................24 3.2. TERRESTRIAL BIOTIC COMPONENTS .....................................................................................26 3.2.1. Forest, wetland and coastal flora................................................................................................26 3.2.2. Terrestrial Fauna........................................................................................................................27
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