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Isolation of Functionally Distinct Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subsets Using Antibodies Against CD56, CD271, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antigen-1

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Isolation of Functionally Distinct Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subsets Using Antibodies Against CD56, CD271, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antigen-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Isolation of functionally distinct mesenchymal stem cell subsets using antibodies against CD56, CD271, and mesenchymal stem cell antigen-1 Venkata Lokesh Battula,1* Sabrina Treml,1 Petra M. Bareiss,2 Friederike Gieseke,3 Helene Roelofs,4 Peter de Zwart,5 Ingo Müller,3 Bernhard Schewe,5 Thomas Skutella,2 Willem E. Fibbe,4 Lothar Kanz,3 and Hans-Jörg Bühring1 1University Clinic of Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Tübingen; 2University of Tübingen, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology, Division of Tissue Engineering, Tübingen; 3University Clinic of Tübingen, Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tübingen; 4Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Leiden, The Netherlands, and 5Hospital for Workers Compensation Tübingen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tübingen, Germany ABSTRACT *present address: MD Anderson Cancer Center, Background Houston, TX, USA. Conventionally, mesenchymal stem cells are functionally isolated from primary tissue VLB, ST and H-JB contributed based on their capacity to adhere to a plastic surface. This isolation procedure is hampered equally to this work. by the unpredictable influence of co-cultured hematopoietic and/or other unrelated cells and/or by the elimination of a late adhering mesenchymal stem cells subset during Acknowledgments: the authors removal of undesired cells. To circumvent these limitations, several antibodies have been would like to thank Flavianna Cerabona for excellent developed to facilitate the prospective isolation of mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, we technical assistance. described a panel of monoclonal antibodies with superior selectivity for mesenchymal stem cells, including the monoclonal antibodies W8B2 against human mesenchymal stem Funding: this work was cell antigen-1 (MSCA-1) and 39D5 against a CD56 epitope, which is not expressed on nat- supported by the Deutsche ural killer cells. Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Sonderforschungsbereich Design and Methods SFB-685 (Immunotherapy: Molecular Basis and Clinical Bone marrow derived mesenchymalFoundation stem cells from healthy donors were analyzed and Applications) project Z2: Core isolated by flow cytometry using a large panel of antibodies against surface antigens Facility Cell Sorting, by the including CD271, MSCA-1, and CD56. The growth of mesenchymal stem cells was mon- DFG project BU 516/2-1: itored by colony formation unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assays. The differentiation of mes- Identifizierung und funktionelle Untersuchung von MSC-spezifis- enchymal stem cells into defined lineages was induced by culture in appropriate media chen Molekülen, and by the and verified by immunostaining.Storti Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Results BioProfile Stuttgart/Neckar-Alb; Multicolor cell sorting and CFU-F assays showed that mesenchymal stem cells were ~90- project 0313668B: fold enriched in the MSCA-1+CD56− fraction and ~180-fold in the MSCA-1+CD56+ frac- Entwicklung eines bioartifiziellen Leberreaktors mit allogenen tion. Phenotype analysis revealed that the expression of CD10, CD26, CD106, and CD146 humanen Hepatozyten. was restricted to the MSCA-1+CD56− mesenchymal stem cells subset and CD166 to MSCA-1+CD56± mesenchymal stem cells. Further differentiation of these subsets showed Manuscript received August 1, that chondrocytes and pancreatic-like islets were predominantly derived from MSCA- 2008. Revised version arrived ©Ferrata1+CD56± cells whereas adipocytes emerged exclusively from MSCA-1+CD56− cells. The September 10, 2008. + + Manuscript accepted culture of single sorted MSCA-1 CD56 cells resulted in the appearance of phenotypically September 24, 2008. heterogeneous clones with distinct proliferation and differentiation capacities. Correspondence: Conclusions Hans-Jörg Bühring, Ph.D., Novel mesenchymal stem cells subsets with distinct phenotypic and functional properties University of Tübingen, were identified. Our data suggest that the MSCA-1+CD56+ subset is an attractive starting Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical population for autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, CD56, MSCA-1. E-mail: hans-joerg.buehring@uni-tuebin- Citation: Battula VL, Treml S, Bareiss PM, Gieseke F, Roelofs H, de Zwart P, Müller I, Schewe B, gen.de Skutella T, Fibbe WE, Kanz L, and Bühring H-J. Isolation of functionally distinct mesenchymal stem cells subsets using antibodies against CD56, CD271, and mesenchymal stem cell antigen-1. Haematologica 2009; 94:173-184. doi: 10.3324/haematol.13740 ©2009 Ferrata Storti Foundation. This is an open-access paper. haematologica | 2009; 94(2) | 173 | V.L. Battula et al. Introduction Design and Methods Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are self- Isolation of bone marrow and peripheral blood renewing cells with the ability to differentiate into mononuclear cells osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes, but also neu- Bone marrow was harvested at the Hospital for ron-like cells, hepatocytes and pancreatic-like cells.1-4 Workers Compensation from the femoral shafts of These multipotent cells are found in various adult and patients undergoing total hip replacement. Peripheral fetal tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord blood from healthy volunteers was obtained from the blood, liver, dental pulp, and term placenta.5-13 In cul- Transfusion Department, Tübingen. Cells were collected ture, expanded MSC express a panel of key markers in 5000 U heparin (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) including CD105 (endoglin, SH2), CD73 (ecto-5’ after informed consent and approval of the ethics commit- nucleotidase, SH3, SH4), CD166 (ALCAM), CD29 (β1- tee of the University of Tübingen. Bone marrow mononu- integrin), CD44 (H-CAM), and CD90 (Thy-1).1-3,7,14 In clear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were contrast to hematopoietic stem cells they lack CD45, isolated by Ficoll Histopac density gradient fractionation CD34, and CD133 expression.1,2,15 Because of their and remaining erythrocytes lysed in ammonium chloride multi-lineage differentiation potential, MSC represent solution.5 an attractive cell type for replacement therapy of dam- aged tissues.16-18 Culture of primary cells MSC can be identified by their ability to form colony Ficoll-separated and FACS-enriched bone marrow forming units-fibroblast (CFU-F) in vitro.2,7 However, mononuclear cells were cultured as previously described.5 these cells are heterogeneous with respect to their pro- In brief, 2×107 unfractionated or 1×104 sorted MSCA- liferation and differentiation capacity. At least two mor- 1+CD56+ and MSCA-1+CD56- bone marrow cells were phologically distinct MSC populations have been iden- cultured in gelatine-coated T-75 or T-25 culture flasks in tified that differ not only in size but also in their cell the presence of KnockoutTM medium (Invitrogen, division rate and differentiation capacity.4 In addition, Karlsruhe, Germany) and 5 ng/mL recombinant human analysis of single cell-derived MSC colonies from adult basic fibroblast growth factor (rh-bFGF; CellSystems, bone marrow revealed differential capacity of colonies Remagen, Germany).32 After 3 days of culture, non-adher- to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic ent cells were removed and fresh medium was added. differentiation.4,19 AdherentFoundation cells were cultured until they reached 90% con- In most cases, unfractionated bone marrow-derived fluence. cells are used as the starting population for the culture of MSC. This isolation method relies on the adherence Colony forming unit-fibroblast assay of fibroblast-like cells to a plastic surface and the CFU-F assays were performed by plating either 1×105 removal of non-adherent hematopoietic cells.1-3,7,15,17StortiThe unselected or 500-5,000 FACS-selected bone marrow resulting cells are poorly defined and give rise not only mononuclear cells in gelatine-coated T-25 flasks contain- to heterogeneous MSC populations but also to ing KnockoutTM medium and 5 ng/mL rh-bFGF. After 12 osteoblasts and/or osteoprogenitor cells, fat cells, retic- days of culture, adherent cells were washed twice with ular cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells.20,21 To phosphate-buffered saline, fixed with methanol (Sigma- define the starting population more precisely, surface Aldrich) for 5 min at room temperature, air-dried, and markers such as SH2 (CD105), SH3/SH4 (CD73), SSEA- stained with Giemsa solution (Merck, Darmstadt, 4, STRO-1 and the low affinity nerve growth factor Germany). CFU-F colonies were macroscopically enu- receptor (CD271), which enrich for MSC, have been merated. Colony sizes ranged between 1 and 8 mm in employed.21-25 Very recently, platelet derived growth diameter. factor receptor-β (PDGF-RB;©Ferrata CD140b) was identified as a selective marker for the isolation of clonogenic MSC.26 Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Other reports demonstrated a 9.5-fold enrichment of Osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation MSC in bone marrow cells with prominent aldehyde MSC derived from sorted MSCA-1+CD56+ or unfrac- dehydrogenase activity.27 tionated bone marrow cells were cultured in NH Recently, we have shown that CD56, a marker for OsteoDiff or NH AdipoDiff medium (Miltenyi Biotec, natural killer, neural, and muscle cells,28-30 is additionally Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), respectively.5
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