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musemuse® JULY/AUGUSTJULY/AUGUST 22017017 TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE viewing guide + much more muse® JULY/AUGUST 2017 VolumeVolume 221, Issue 06 FEATURESFEATURES 10 Ready, Set, Eclipse An observer’s guide by Meg Thacher 20 27 28 36 40 I Saw the Eclipse— There She Blows! So Long, Saturn The Truth A Mission to from Space! Jupiter’s moon Cassini ’s mission is about Pluto Discover Our Past Students launch a Europa is in the coming to an end. Why did it lose its One special asteroid high-flying project. news. by Rachel Zimmerman “planet” status? may hold the key. by Nick D’Alto by Mara Johnson-Groh Brachman by Charles C. Hofer by Stephanie M. Bucklin CONTENTS DIRECTOR OF EDITORIAL James M. “Bosun” O’Connor EDITOR Johanna “Sunporch” Arnone DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENTS CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Kathryn “Tsunami” Hulick COPYEDITOR/PROOFREADER Meg “Sunflower” Moss ART DIRECTOR Nicole “Gesundheit” Welch 2 Parallel U: “Pigmentamorphosis” DESIGNER Pat “Sunfish” Murray by Caanan Grall DIGITAL DESIGNER Kevin “Unsung” Cuasay 7 RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS David “Sundae” Stockdale Muse News by Elizabeth Preston BOARD OF ADVISORS 16 Infographic: ONTARIO INSTITUTE FOR STUDIES IN EDUCATION, Anatomy of a Star UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Carl Bereiter by Meg Thacher ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 18 John A. Brinkman Science@Work: Marla Geha NATIONAL CREATIVITY NETWORK by Peg Lopata Dennis W. Cheek 24 Mini-Myth: Hey, Bring COOPERATIVE CHILDREN’S BOOK CENTER, A LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF Back Our Sun! WISCONSIN–MADISON K. T. Horning by Carrie Clickard FREUDENTHAL INSTITUTE 32 Jan de Lange Photo Op: FERMILAB The Cassini Gallery Leon Lederman by Rachel Zimmerman Brachman UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Sheilagh C. Ogilvie 45 Do the Math: Planet Search WILLIAMS COLLEGE by Ivars Peterson Jay M. Pasachoff UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 47 Your Tech Paul Sereno by Kathryn Hulick 48 Last Slice by Nancy Kangas MUSE magazine (ISSN 1090-0381) is published 9 times a year, monthly except for combined May/June, July/August, and November/December issues, by Cricket Media, 70 East Lake Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60601. Additional Editorial Office located at 7926 Jones Branch Dr, Ste 870 McLean, VA 22102. Periodicals postage paid at McLean, VA, and at additional mailing offices. One-year subscription (9 issues) $33.95. Canadian and other foreign subscribers must add YOUR TURN $15.00 per year and prepay in U.S. dollars. GST Registration Number 128950334. For address changes, back issues, subscriptions, customer service, or to renew, please visit shop.cricketme- dia.com, email [email protected], write to MUSE at Cricket Media, PO Box 6395, 3 Harlan, IA 51593, or call 1-800-821-0115. Postmaster: Please send address changes to MUSE, Citizen Science Cricket Media, PO Box 6395, Harlan, IA 51593. 4 Muse Mail Editorial office, 70 E. Lake Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60601. July/August 2017, Volume 21, Number 06, © 2017, Carus Publishing dba Cricket Media. All rights reserved, including right of reproduction in whole or in part, in any form. For information regarding our privacy policy and 35 Q&A compliance with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, please visit our website at cricket- media.com or write to us at CMG COPPA, 70 East Lake Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60601. by Lizzie Wade 46 Photo credits: C - REUTERS/David Gray; TOC - REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao; 5-6 CPdesign/Shutterstock. Contest: Inventor to com; 5 (RT) CebotariN/Shutterstock.com; 6 (LT) Jennifer Davis, (LB) Laura Dinraths/Shutterstock. com; 7 (TC) Sumukha J. N; 8 (RT) ALEXANDR SOLDATOV/Shutterstock.com, (LC) Korotova Liudmyla the Stars /Shutterstock.com, (RB) Microgen/Shutterstock.com; 9 (RT) Kurt Hickman, Stanford University, (LB) Yu Chen; 10-11 Allexxandar/Shutterstock.com; 12 (LT) Michael Zeiler, greatamericaneclipse. com, (RC) NASA; 13 (LT) Rolf Nussbaumer Photography / Alamy Stock Photo, (RT) RGB Ventures / SuperStock / Alamy Stock Photo, (LB) Arne Danielson/NASA; 14 (LT) © Jay M. Pasachoff, (RB) Photo by Deborah D. Pasachoff; 18 (bkgd) ESA/Hubble & NASA, (BC) Marla Geha; 19 (BC) Eduard MS. ACORN Moldoveanu/ Shutterstock.com; 20-21, 20 (RB), 21 (LT), (RB), 22 (RC), (RB) Eclipse Ballooning Project, (LC) MSU photo by Evelyn Boswell; 20-23 (bkg) Oleg1969/Shutterstock.com; 27 - NASA/ESA/K. Retherford/SWRI; 28-29 NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute; 30 (LT) NASA/ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, (RT), (LB), (RB) NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute; 31 (RT) NASA/ Jet Propulsion Laboratory-Caltech; 32 (TC) NASA/JPL-Caltech, (RB) Morphart Creation/ STRONGLY RESEMBLES Shutterstock.com; 33 - NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute/Kevin M. Gill; 33 (LT), 34 (TC), Cate’s (LB) NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute; 34 (RB) REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo; 36 - NASA mom Issa Pine / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute; 37 (BC) Santhosh Varghese/Shutterstock.com; 38 (RT) Charles Hofer, (LT) David Roland/Shutterstock. HEIGHT 5'9" com, (LB) Catmando/Shutterstock.com; 39 (TC) NASA; 40 - Jurik Peter/Shutterstock.com; 41 (RT), 42 (LC) PHILIPPE MOUCHE, JONATHAN JACOBSEN AFP/Newscom; 41 (RB) Vector Tradition SM/ AGE N/A Shutterstock.com; 42 (RT) NASA/Joel Kowsky, (RB) Lockheed Martin Corporation; 43 (RC) NASA/ Kim Shiflett, (TC) NASA/GSFC; 44 (TC) NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Conceptual Image FIRST POWERED UP 1983 Lab, (LC) University of Arizona/Symeon Platts, (RC) NASA/Kim Shiflett; 45 (LT) NASA/JPL-Caltech; INTERESTS 46 (LT) Ninya Pavlova/Shutterstock.com. Education, human Printed in the United States of America. knowledge, the Mnemosyne community, data storage, 1st printing Quad/Graphics Midland, Michigan June 2017 practical jokes From time to time, MUSE mails to its subscribers advertisements for other Cricket Media products or makes its subscriber list available to other reputable companies for their offering ONCE SAID “The mothership of products and services. If you prefer not to receive such mail, write to us at MUSE, P.O. Box 6395, Harlan, IA 51593-1895. won’t be returning for me.” PARALLEL U CAANAN GRALL 2 CITIZEN SCIENCE CAANAN GRALL To: United States eclipse enthusiasts From: Astronomers Jay Pasachoff and Meg Thacher Will you be along the path of totality on August 21? Check the map on page 12! If yes, lucky you! Use the checklist below to get ready. The rest of us may be able to catch a partial eclipse (with solar-viewing glasses) or view the event online or on TV. What to take to the eclipse: ❏ Solar-viewing glasses (sometimes called eclipse glasses) ❏ Pinhole projector (see page 15) ❏ White sheet to see shadow bands ❏ Phone or watch set to the correct time ❏ List of times for eclipse phases ❏ Snacks Eclipse-viewing tips: ❏ Choose a site that’s not blocked by trees, mountains, or buildings. ❏ Check the weather the night before and the day of the eclipse. ❏ Pick a few alternate viewing sites, and be ready to relocate based on weather conditions. ❏ Arrive early (and plan on heavy traffic). ❏ The eclipse will last two to three hours. Make sure restrooms are available! ❏ If you want to take photos, place a filter or safe viewer over your camera’s lens (and viewfinder, if it has one) as well as in front of your eyes when you look up. WHO’S READY FOR A TOTALITY AMAZING EXPERIENCE? SURE FIVE TO ECLIPSE ANY OTHER PLANS I CHECKING HEAR YOU MIGHT HAVE INTO THE THE PHASES CHATEAU OF TODAY. ARE SET TO THE MOON THAT WAS ONE STUN! PLEASE! FUN SUN PUN RUN GUYS. 3 Cricket Crossover Event Hello Earthlings, aliens, parakeets, and other strange creatures! Mail I am a Gravity Falls fan, a parakeet enthusiast, a theater kid, the overlord princess of violin, and a rather devoted Muse reader. If you get Cricket, you Muse may know me on the Chatterbox as Abigail S. Hi, CBers! Oh, this isn’t the time? Right. Anyway. Besides the fact that Muse is amazebubble and I would like to express my Parallel U fangirl- ness, I am writing to suggest something. During the time of the old Muses (RIP Kokopelli), there was the [online] Muse Townhall, which I enjoyed going on and I miss now. It would be awesome if y’all could resurrect it! I love how Muse is educational and sciencey and Fan art by Hugh P. B. interesting and well written, so ILLUSTRATION it was really fun to discuss the of the MONTH articles on the Townhall with my An Artist by Any Other Name fellow science nerds! I would like to start off simply by saying If you decide to toss this letter thanks. Your magazine is marvelous, or magnifique, as they into the FMP, no dragons will say in the land of cheese (France). May I ask some questions come and eat you. No potatoes concerning Aarti, O, Cate, Whatsi, and Ms. Acorn? (Using my will leap onto your heads and do painful jigs in tap shoes. No magical abilities, I can see you shaking your head yes.) OK so multicolored bunnies shall invade number one: does Cate’s hair naturally grow like that or does your personal space. All that will she style with mousse? (Of course, I could ask the same ques- happen is that one 12-year-old tion about Whatsi.) living half in Southern California Number two: if Ms. Acorn is only a hologram, why is it that and half in her imagination will be she clearly has a shadow? I mean, a hologram is a projection a bit disappointed. of light concentrated to form a visual 3D object. If Ms. Acorn —ABIGAIL S. / age 12 is truly a projection of light, she would be completely intan- gible, however, she still manages to do things like hold objects standing on solid ground and HAVE A SHADOW! Let’s Pretend Finally: amazing coincidence! You have abbreviated hot pink Fair tidings! I’m Evan.
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